【导语】下面是小编整理的语法-- 动词的时态（共8篇），欢迎您能喜欢，也请多多分享。
篇1：语法-- 动词的时态
11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on sunday
i leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
the earth moves around the sun.
shanghai lies in the east of china.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
i don't want so much.
ann wang writes good english but does not speak well.
比较：now i put the sugar in the cup.
i am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：now watch me, i switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
when i was a child, i often played football in the street.
whenever the browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
it is time for sb. to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”
it is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了” “早该……了”
it is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
it is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
i'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
i thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
christine was an invalid all her life.
(含义：她已不在人间。)
christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含义：她现在还活着)
mrs. darby lived in kentucky for seven years.
(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
mrs. darby has lived in kentucky for seven years.
( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
did you want anything else?
i wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would.
could you lend me your bike?
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do：“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
mother used not to be so forgetful.
scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或“习惯于”，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
he is used to a vegetarian diet.
scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
典型例题
---- your phone number again? i ___ quite catch it.
---- it's 69568442.
a. didn't b. couldn't c. don't d. can't
答案a. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
11.4 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
which paragraph shall i read first.
will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
what are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
the play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事
look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
we are to discuss the report next saturday.
4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
he is about to leave for beijing.
注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
11.5 be going to / will
用于条件句时， be going to 表将来
will 表意愿
if you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
i am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)
i'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
the train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
when does the bus star? it stars in ten minutes.
2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：
here comes the bus. = the bus is coming.
there goes the bell. = the bell is ringing.
3）在时间或条件句中。
when bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
i'll write to you as soon as i arrive there.
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
i hope they have a nice time next week.
make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
意为：“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
i'm leaving tomorrow.
are you staying here till next week?
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。
11.10 比较过去时与现在完成时
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in october, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this april, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例：
i saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
i have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
she has returned from paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
she returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
he has been in the league for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
he has been a league member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
he joined the league three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
i have finished my homework now.
---will somebody go and get dr. white?
---he's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）it is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
it is the first time that i have visited the city.
it was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）this is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
this is the best film that i've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
this is the first time (that) i've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
典型例题
(1) ---do you know our town at all?
---no, this is the first time i ___ here.
a. was b. have been c. came d. am coming
答案b. this is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选b。
(2) ---have you ____ been to our town before?
---no, it's the first time i ___ here.
a. even, come b. even, have come c. ever, come d. ever, have come
答案d. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 this is the largest fish i have ever seen. it is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）i have received his letter for a month.
（对）i haven't received his letter for almost a month.
11.12 比较since和for
since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
i have lived here for more than twenty years.
i have lived here since i was born..
my aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
i have known xiao li since she was a little girl.
my brother has been in the youth league for two years.
i have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
i worked here for more than twenty years.
(我现在已不在这里工作。)
i have worked here for many years.
(现在我仍在这里工作。)
小窍门： 当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
1) (对) tom has studied russian for three years.
= tom began to study russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2) (错) harry has got married for six years.
= harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 harry got married six years ago. 或 harry has been married for six years.
11.13 since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
i have been here since 1989.
2) since +一段时间+ ago
i have been here since five months ago.
3) since +从句
great changes have taken place since you left.
considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) it is +一段时间+ since从句
it is two years since i became a postgraduate student.
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
he has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
i've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”
he didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10 点才回来。
he slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. you don't need to describe her. i ___ her several times.
a. had met b. have met c. met d. meet
答案b. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2.---i'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---oh, not at all. i ___ here only a few minutes.
a. have been b. had been c. was d. will be
答案a. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
11.15 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
she said (that) she had never been to paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
when the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”
we had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
he said that he had learned some english before.
by the time he was twelve, edison had began to make a living by himself.
tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
the students ___ busily when miss brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
a. had written, left b，were writing, has left c. had written, had left d. were writing, had left
答案d. “把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
he had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
11.16 用一般过去时代替完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。
when she saw the mouse，she screamed.
my aunt gave me a hat and i lost it.
2 ) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。
when i heard the news, i was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。
our teacher told us that columbus discovered america in 1492.
11.17 将来完成时
1) 构成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。
they will have been married for 20 years by then.
you will have reached shanghai by this time tomorrow.
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
we are waiting for you.
b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
mr. green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
she is learning piano under mr. smith.
c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
the leaves are turning red.
it's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
you are always changing your mind.
典型例题
my dictionary ___, i have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
a. has lost, don't find b. is missing, don't find c. has lost, haven't found d. is missing, haven't found.
答案d. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1) 事实状态的动词
have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
i have two brothers.
this house belongs to my sister.
2) 心理状态的动词
know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate
i need your help.
he loves her very much.
3 ) 瞬间动词
accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.
i accept your advice.
4) 系动词
seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
you seem a little tired.
11.20 过去进行时
1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
my brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
it was raining when they left the station.
when i got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
典型例题
1) mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
a. made b. is making c. was making d. makes
答案c. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2) as she ___ the newspaper, granny ___ asleep.
read； was falling b. was reading； fell c. was reading； was falling d. read；fell
答案b.句中的as = when, while，意为“当……之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 “在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。”句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
11.21 将来进行时
1) 概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。
she'll be coming soon.
i'll be meeting him sometime in the future.
注意：将来进行时不用于表示“意志”，不能说 i'll be having a talk with her.
2）常用的时间状语
soon, tomorrow, this evening，on sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
by this time tomorrow, i'll be lying on the beach.
11.22 一般现在时代替将来时
时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时
when, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately
he is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。
典型例题
(1）he said he________me a present unless i_______ in doing the experiment.
a. had not given; had not succeeded b. would not give; succeed
c. will not give; succeed d. would not give; will succeed.
答案b. 在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有he said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选b. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。
(2) 表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动。
the museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)
11.23 一般现在时代替过去时
1 )“书上说”，“报纸上说”等。
the newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow.
报纸上说明天会很冷的。
2) 叙述往事，使其生动。
napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.
11.24 一般现在时代替完成时
1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时：
hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.
i hear (= have heard) he will go to london.
i forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.
2) 句型 “ it is … since…”代替“it has been … since …”
3) it is (= has been) five years since we last met.
11.25 一般现在时代替进行时
1) 句型：here comes… ； there goes…
look, here comes mr. li.
11.26 现在进行时代替将来时
1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。
are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗?
we are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。
2) 渐变动词，如：get, run, grow, become, begin及die。
he is dying.
11.27 时态一致
1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时。
at that time, people did not know that the earth moves.
he told me last week that he is eighteen.
2) 宾语从句中的助动词ought, need, must, dare 时态是不变的。
he thought that i need not tell you the truth.
11.28 时态与时间状语
时间状语
一般现在时 every …, sometimes, at …, on sunday,
一般过去时 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
一般将来时 next…, tomorrow, in+时间,
现在完成时 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently
过去完成时 before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as
过去进行时 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while
将来进行时 soon, tomorrow, this evening, on sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
篇2：高中英语动词时态语法
动词的时态
(一) 动词的时态
时态动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有 16 种 时态，但是常用的只有 9 种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完
成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。
1、 一般现在时的用法 (do/does)
1) 表示经常性、习惯性的动作; 表示现在的状态、 特征和真理。 句中常用 often, usually, every day, sometimes, every week/year, twice aweek 等时间状语。
例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. c.The earth moves around the sun.
2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如： 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside.
3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定 按时间表要发生的动作(句中都带有时间,有时这个时态表示按计划、规定, 按时间表要发生的动作，但限于少数动词 状语)，但限于少数动词，如：begin, come,
leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return,open, close 等。
例如： a. the meeting begins at seven.
b. the rain starts at nine in the morning.
4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。
a. i like english very much.
b. the story sound very interesting.
5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。
2.一般过去时的用法:(did) 一般过去时的用法
1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。常与 yesterday,the other day, ….ago, in the past, in +过去时间。
a. he saw mr. wang yesterday.
b. he worked in a factory in 1986.
2) 表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用 “used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。
例如： I used to smoke. During the vacation i would swim in the sea.
注： ”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。 “would + 动词原形”没有 “现在不再……”含义。
3.一般将来时的用法(shall/will do)一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。
1)其表达形式除了 “ will 或 shall + 动词原 表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。
例如：It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today.
2)“be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。
例如：The boy is to go to school tomorrow. Are we to go on with this work?
3) “be about to + 动词原形 表示即将发生的动作，意为 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。
例如：we are about to leave.
4) go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。
例如：i’m leaving for beijing. 将发生的动作
5) 某些动词 如 come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等的一般现在时也可表示将来。
例如：The meeting starts at five o’clock. He gets off at the next stop.
篇3：高中英语动词时态语法
4. 过去将来时的用法(would do) 过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
例如：They were sure that they would succeed.
5.现在进行时的用法(am/is/ are doing)
1) 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作 What are you doing?
2)表示某种感情色彩“总是” You are always watching TV. (was/were doing)
6.过去进行时的用法
1) 过去进行时过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作
例如：In 1980 he was studying in a university. He was reading a novel when I came in. He was watvign Tv at this time yesterday.
7. 将来进行时(will be doing)表将来某一时刻，某一段时间正在进行的动作。
例如： I will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.
8. 现在完成时(have/has done)
1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。
例如： He has gone to fuzhou. He has been to fuzhou.
2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去，for 和 since 表示一段时间的状语或 so far , now, today, this week (month, year ,), 等表示包括现在内的状语。 in
the past 3 years 等表示包括现在内的状语。
例如：He has studied english for 5 years. He has studied english since 1985. Now I have finished the work. 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词(如 come, go , die, marry, buy 等)的完成
时不能等连用。 与 for, since 等连用。
3)现在完成进行时还可用时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。
例如：I’ll go o your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.
9.过去完成时的用法(had done)
1)过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。 句中常用 by, before, until,when 等词引导的时间状语。
例如：By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before i entered the university.
2) 过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。
例如：Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
10.将来完成时(will have done)
11.现在完成进行时 ( have (has)+ been +(doing))， 现在完成进行时表示现在以前一直进行的动作。有些动词(work, study, live, teach 等) 用现在完成时与用现在完成时意思差不多。
例如：I have worked here for three years. I have been working here for three years. 但多数动词在这两种时态表示不同意思 I have been writing a letter.
篇4：解密动词时态
动词时态常常是高考的必考点，你能运用自如吗？笔者总结了以下七个方面，帮助你正确运用动词时态。
1． 时态的替代现象
（1） 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时或现在完成时替代一般将来时；用一般过去时或过去完成时替代过去将来时。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
I won’t go swimming if it rains.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
He said he would call on me if he had time.
(2) 表示去向的动词或起止性动词（come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, take off, get off, travel, return, begin, stop, open, close, end, stay等）可用一般现在时表示按时刻表将要发生的动作；现在进行时表示预定的近期所发生的动作；过去进行时表示过去计划、安排好的将来动作。
The train leaves at 4:30 p.m.
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
I was told the plane was taking off soon.
(3) here, there, now, then等开头的倒装句要用一般现在时替代现在时替代现在进行时。
Look! Here comes the teacher.(=The teacher is coming.)
Listen! There goes the bell. (=The bell is ringing.)
(4) before, after, asoon as 本身“先、后”时间明确，可用一般过去时替代过去完成时。
He (had) left before I arrived.
After I (had) finished my homework, I went to bed.
(5) 若干连续动作，如果其顺序非常清楚，又不强调先后，或用then,and,but等词连接时，无需用过去完成时。
He stood up, went out of the classroom and soon disappeared in the street.
My aunt gave me a watch and I lost it.
(6)think, want, suppose, guess, expect, hope, wish, intend, mean, plan等表示愿望、打算的动词，可用一般过去时替代一般现在时，过去完成时替代一般过去时，表示现在或过去未能实现的打算、愿望、意图等。
I wanted to stay with you, but I have an important meeting to attend.
He had hoped to arrive time, but his car broke down.
(7) make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter, so long as 等后接宾语从句时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
2． 时态呼应原则
含宾语从句的主从复合句，若主句谓语是现在时或将来时，从句谓语可用任何所需要的时态；若主句谓语是过去时，从句谓语要用过去的某种时态（但客观真理、科学事实、格言警句等仍用一般现在时）。
The teacher said he was satisfied with us.
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
3． 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，一般过去时表示过去动作的事实。
I saw the film last week.（看电影是上个星期的事，与现在无关）
I have seen the film before.（强调了解电影内容，现在无需再看）
（2）现在完成时表示过去开始的动作延续到现在，一般过去时表示过去延续了一般时间的动作已停止。
He was a soldier for 3 years.他曾当过三年兵。（现在退伍了）
He has been a soldier for 3 years.他已当兵三年了。（现在还在服役）
(3) 没有包括“现在”在内或不是截止到“现在”的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用。
China was poor in the past.（in the past不包括“现在”）
Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years.（是算至“现在”为止）
4． 过去完成时不能孤立使用， 它必须以过去某一时间为基点，即“过去的过去”，因此只有在和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它
He had read it.（此句错误， 因为无时间比较，得不出read是发生在“过去的过去”）
He said he had read it.（此句正确，read发生在said之前，即“过去的过去”）
5. 短暂性动词的肯定式不能与时间段连用
I have received it for a wek.（此句错误，因为receive是短暂性动词）
I have had it for a week.（此句正确，因为have是延续性动词）
I haven’t received it for a week. （此句正确，因为是延续的）
6. will/shall do, be going to do, be to do, be about to do与 be doing /do的区别
（1） shall/will do表示事先未经考虑，而是临时起意的打算、计划，没有主观性，是纯粹的将来动作。这种用法常见于会话中乙听了甲的话之后作出的反应。
I shall/will not be free tomorrow.
He will arrive here this evening.
---Where is the telephone book?
---I’ll go and get it for you .
---You’ve left the light on.
---Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off.
（2） be going to do表示现在打算最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；也可以表示某种可能性，即有迹象表明要发生某事。
He is going to spend his holidays in London.
It is going to rain soon.
(3) be to do 表示按预定计划、安排即将发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远；还可表示吩咐、要求、命令或禁止他人做某事，或某事注定要发生。
The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days.
You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam room.
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.
(4)be about to do表示即刻就要着手进行的动作，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
The ship is about to leave.
（5）be doing/do强调在近期按规定、计划或安排要发生的事。
Do you get off at the next stop?
The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m.
Are you staying here till next week?]
7.七种特定时态
（1） 常见的不确定的时间状语，如：lately,recently, just, already, yet, up to now, till now, so far, these days, ever since, since then, for(during, over, in) the past (last, recent)…常与现在完成时连用
He has been in the lab over the past two weeks.
（2） 表示“第几次做某事”或在“It is the best (worst, only , most interesting)+名词+that”结构中，that从句用现在完成时。若is改用was，则用过去完成时。
This (It) is my first time that I have visited China.
This (It) is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That(It) is the only book that he has written.
That(It) was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
（3） by , by the time 表示“在。。。之前，不迟于。。。”常与完成时连用。
By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.
By the Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.
（4） since表示“自从。。。以来”，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I have lived here since I came here.
（5） 用于hardly/scarely…when; no sooner …than句型中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.
（6） “祈使句+and/then/or+陈述句”结构中，陈述句谓语用一般将来时。
Use your head and you will find a way.
（7） when（这时突然）用作并列连词，前句常用过去进行时或be about to do，后常用一般过去时。
I was walking along the river when I heard someone crying for help.
He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
篇5：动词时态讲义
时 态
Tenses
时 态 的 构 成
（以动词write为例）
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现
在 write
(单三writes) am
is writing
are has
written
have has
been writing
have
过
去
wrote was
writing
were
had written
had been writing
将
来 shall
write
will shall
be writing
will shall
have written
will shall
have been writing
will
过
去
将
来 should
write
would should
be wrting
would should
have written
would should
have been writing
would
一、一般现在时 (The Present Indefinite)
一般现在时表示客观事实，普遍真理，习惯性的动作，现在的特性等。它主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词应加词尾s (be用 is, have 用 has)：
一般现在时有以下基本用法：
1. 表示经常、反复和习惯性的动作或状态，例如：
He always sleeps with his windows open.
他总是开着窗户睡觉。
Barking dogs seldom bite.
吠犬不咬人。
He smokes twenty cigarettes a day.
他每天抽20支烟。
2. 表示主语的现在职业、性格、特征、能力等，例如：
She is our English teacher.
她是我们的英语老师。
She has great concern for her patients.
她对病人很关心。
English is a language spoken all around the world.
英语是一种世界范围的语言。
3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理，例如：
The earth moves round the sun.
地球绕着太阳运转。
Summer comes after spring.
春去夏来。
4. 表示按日历、时刻表、规定或安排将要发生的情况，例如：
Tomorrow is Thursday.
明天是星期四。
The plane takes off at 9 a.m.
飞机上午九点起飞。
School begins the day after tomorrow.
后天开学。
5. 在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来的动作或状态，例如：
When you see Jack tomorrow, remember me to him.
明天你看到杰克时，代我向他问好。
If the rain stops, we'll be able to go out for a walk.
如果雨停了，我们就能出去散步了。
二、一般过去时 (The Past Indefinite)
一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态，这种动作或状态可能只限 一次，也可能是经常性的。动词 be 的第一人称单数和第三人称单数的过去时形式为 was， 其余人称和数为 were；have 的过去时形式为 had。行为动词过去式的构成：
一般情况下在词末加 ed, 如：
cover -- covered work -- worked
以 e 结尾的动词，只加 d, 如：
live -- lived love -- loved
以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词将 y 改为 i 再加 ed，如：
study -- studied hurry -- hurried
以重读闭音节结尾，而末尾只有一辅音字母( x 除外)的动词，双写末尾字母再加 ed，如 ：
stop -- stopped beg -- begged
不规则动词见各类相关工具书。
一般过去时的用法如下：
1. 表示过去的动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语(从句)连用，例如：
The first radio broadcast was heard on December 24, 1906.
1912月24日，人们第一次听到无线电广播。
She suddenly fell ill when she came here.
到这以后，她突然病倒了。
2. 表示过去连续发生的一系列事情，例如：
She entered the room, picked up a map and looked at it carefully.
她走进房间，拿起一张地图，仔细地看着。
3. 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的事情，例如：
Whenever I went to his office, I would find him reading and writing.
每当我去他办公室时，总见他在读书写字。
When I was in a primary school, my teacher often praised me.
我上小学时，老师常常表扬我。
4. 在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去将来的动作，例如：
They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.
他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息，就通知我们。
三、一般将来时 (The Future Indefinite)
一般将来时的用法如下：
1. 表示将要发生的动作或情况，例如：
There will be a report on spaceships at 7 on Friday evening.
星期五晚上七点，将有一场关于宇宙飞船的报告。
2. “be going + 不定式”表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生的事，例如：
Mr. Brown says he is going to buy a new car next year.
布朗先生说，他准备明年买一辆新汽车。
I think it's going to rain.
我看快下雨了。
3. “be + 不定式”表示按计划安排要发生的事或用来征求对方意见，例如：
I am to leave at eight o'clock this evening.
我应在今晚八点离开。
Am I to go on with the work?
这工作我是不是要接着干下去?
4. “be about + 不定式”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，通常不与将来时间状语连用，例如：
He is about to retire.
他就要退休了。
The class is about to end.
课就要结束了。
四、现在进行时 (The Present Continuous)
现在进行时由助动词 be 的现在时形式 am, is, are 加动词的现在分词构成。现在分词的构成方法为：
一般情况在动词的词末加 ing，如：
watch -- watching tell -- telling
以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去 e 再加 ing，如：
live -- living move -- moving
以重读闭音节结尾，而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这一辅音字母再加 ing，如 ：
plan -- planning get -- getting permit -- permitting
少数动词为不规则变化，如：
lie -- lying die -- dying
现在进行时有以下一些用法：
1. 表示说话时正在发生的动作，例如：
I'm doing the swimming, and I'll decide when to get out.
我正在游泳，我会决定什么时候出水。
Look, the hands of the clock are pointing to half past eight.
看，时钟正指在八点半。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然说话时并不在进行，例如：
They are compiling a Chinese English dictionary.
他们在编一本汉英辞典。
But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming.
但现在有人对白日做梦持一种新的见解。
3. 常与always, continually, constantly等副词连用，不强调动作的进行而是带有强烈的感情色彩，例如：
She is always complaining about her work.
她总是不断地抱怨她的工作。(表示厌烦)
The prisoners are continually trying to escape.
这些囚犯们总是不断地设法逃跑。(表示焦虑)
He is always thinking of what he could do for others.
他总是在考虑他能为别人做些什么。(表示赞扬)
4. 表示计划中将要发生的动作，常与表将来的时间状语连用，例如：
He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning.
明天上午他要到上海去。
-Xiao Hong! -(I’m) coming.
-小红！ -来了。
五、过去进行时 (The Past Continuous)
过去进行时是由“was/were+现在分词”构成。它有以下用法：
1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，例如：
I was practicing the violin at eight o'clock yesterday evening.
昨晚八点钟我正在练习小提琴。
When he arrived home, his sister was doing her homework.
他到家时，他妹妹正在做作业。
2. 表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作，例如：
In those years we were having a hard time.
在那些岁月里我们处境很困难。
She was watching TV all evening.
她整个晚上都在看电视。
3. 某些动词如 come, go, leave, start, stay 等的过去进行时表示过去的将来要发生的动作，例如：
He went to see Miss Green. She was leaving early the next morning.
他去看格林小组，她第二天一早就走。
六、将来进行时 (The Future Continuous)
将来进行时由动词 be 的一般将来时加现在分词构成。它的用法为：
1. 表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，例如：
This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Spain.
明天的这个时候，我将在飞往西班牙的途中。
I won't be free Friday morning. I'll be seeing a friend off.
星期五早上我没空，我要给一位朋友送行。
2. 表示已经决定了的一种将来的计划或势必要发生的动作，例如：
The Robinsons will be staying with us again this year.
鲁宾逊一家人今年将再次和我们住在一起。
If we don't do so, we shall be repeating the errors of the past.
我们如果不这样做就会重犯过去的错误。
七、现在完成时 (The Present Perfect)
现在完成时由“have (第三人称单数has)+过去分词”构成。它主要有以下用法。
1. 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，例如：
I have lost my pen; I am unable to do my exercises.
我的钢笔丢了；我没法作作业了。
The city has taken on a new look.
这座城市有了新面貌。
2. 表示从过去某时到现在这段时间中发生的事情，例如：
He has learned a good deal since he came here.
他到这儿以来学到了不少东西。
We have planted many trees this year.
今年我们栽了很多树。
It has been 10 years since I last saw you.
我已经十年没有见到你了。
3. 用在时间或条件的状语从句中，表示将来某时已经发生的动作，例如：
We’ll start at 5 p.m. if it has stopped raining by then.
我们五点钟动身，如果那时雨停了话。
I will give my opion when I have read the book through.
我把书看完了再提意见。
八、过去完成时 (The Past Perfect)
过去完成时由“had +过去分词”构成。它主要用于以下情况：
1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作，例如：
I didn't go to the cinema because I had already seen the film.
我没去看电影，因为这部影片我已经看过了。
He suddenly remembered that he hadn't locked the door.
他忽然想起来他没锁门。
By the end of 1962, we had met the demand for petroleum.
到1962年底，我们对石油的需求已得到满足了。
2. 表示一直延续到过去某一时间的动作，例如：
He had been ill for two weeks when we learned about it.
当我们知道时，他已病了两个星期了。
By the end of June they had treated 30,000 patients.
到六月底为止，他们已经治疗了三万个病人。
3. 在含有 when, as soon as, before, after, until, now that 等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作不同同时发生，那么先发生的动作通常需用过去完成时表示，例如：
He decided to go back to work now that he had got well.
既然身体好了，他决定回去上班。
It was not until I had read you letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
直到读了你的信之后，我才明白事态的真相。
He had pressed the button before we could stop him.
我们还没来得及阻止他，他已经按了电钮。
但如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常用一般过去时，尤其是在包含有before和after的复合句中。
After we said goodbye to the villagers,we left the village.
在和村民门告别后我们就离开了村子。
As soon as he arrived,he gave me a phone call.
他一到就给我打了一个电话。
九、将来完成时 (The Future Perfect)
将来完成时由“shall/will have+过去分词”构成，主要表示将来某时业已发生的事情，例如：
The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing.
到你穿好衣服的时候，出租车就会到了。
In another year or so, you will have forgotten all about me.
再过一年左右，你就会把我忘得一干二净。
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
午饭前我就能完成这一个。
十、现在完成进行时 (The Present Perfect Continuous)
现在完成进行时是由“have/has been+现在分词”构成。它表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在动作或状态；它有时也可用来表示现在以前这段时间内反复发生的事情。例如：
He has been learning English for six months.
六个月来他一直在学英语。
The boys have been watching TV since seven o'clock.
自七点开始，男孩子们就一直在看电视。
We've been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.
最近我们常常见面。
十一、过去完成进行时 (The Past Perfect Continuous)
过去完成进行时由“had been+现在分词”构成。它表示一个动作延续到过去的某一时间，例如：
He had been walking since ten o'clock and he was beginning to feel extremely tired.
从十点钟起他就一直不停地走着，这时他开始觉得疲惫不堪。
When I got home, I found that Tom had been writing his letters.
我回到家，发现汤姆之前一直在写信。
十二、将来完成进行时 (The Future Perfect Continuous)
将来完成进行时由“will/shall have been+现在分词”构成。它表示某一动作一直持续到将来的某一时刻，例如：
By next summer she will have been working in the laboratory for three years.
到明年夏天，她在实验室工作将有三年了。
On April 2nd, , we shall have been living in the house exactly thirty years.
到4月2日，我们就在这幢房子里住了整整三十年了。
十三、过去将来时 (The Past Future Indefinite)
过去将来时由“would/should+动词原形”构成。它主要用于下列情况：
1. 表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情，例如：
They were sure they would win final victory.
他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。
2. 表示过去习惯性的动作，例如：
Every evening he would go and talk with the workers.
每天晚上他都和工人交谈。
十四、过去将来进行时 (The Past Future Continuous)
过去将来进行时是由“would/should be+现在分词”构成。它表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作，例如：
He asked me what I would be doing the next morning.
他问我第二天早上干什么。
I told him not to come at three o'clock because I should be having a meeting at that time.
我告诉他不要三点钟来，因为那时候我在开会。
十五、过去将来完成时 (The Past Future Perfect)
过去将来完成时由“would/should have+过去分词”构成。它表示从过去某时看将来某个时间前已经发生的动作，例如：
She hoped that we would have got the plan ready before she came back.
她希望她回来前我们已经把计划做好。
I thought they would have told you about it.
我以为他们会已经告诉你这件事了。
十六、过去将来完成进行时 (The Past Future Perfect Continuous)
过去将来完成进行时由“would/should have been+现在分词”构成。它表示从过去某时看将来某时以前一直在进行的动作，例如：
They told me that by the end of the year they would have been working together for thirty years.
他们告诉我，到年底时他们在一起工作就要满三十年了。
I found that next June I should have been going to this school for two years.
我发现，到次年六月，我就已经在这个学校学习两年了。
篇6：be动词ing是什么时态
“Be+现在分词”以组成进行式时态(Continuous Tenses)，如：
Tony's maid is washing his new car.
The children are playing in the field.
Samuel was eating when I came in.
We have been living here since 1959.
形式：
有不同的be动词，基本上为：
am,is,are,was,were,been,being,be。
被动语态：
被动语态的基本结构为be+done（Be动词+动词过去分词）
一般现在时：am/is/are+done
一般过去时：was/were+done
一般将来时：will+be+done
现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done
过去进行时：was/were+being+done
现在完成时：have/has+been+done
过去完成时：had+been+done
一般构句：
代词/专有名词+be+普通名词（如我们是亲兄弟）
代词+be+专有名词（如我是爱丽丝）
代词/专有名词+be+物主代词+普通名词（如我是你的亲姐妹）
当“be”要在祈使句中出现时，陈述句可借助助动词“do”，否定句必须在前加上助动词“don't”，如：
Don't be silly!
Do be obedient!
Be careful!
Don'tbe a fool!
篇7：[粤语语法学习]实例分析粤语动词的时态
粤语动词的时态
粤语的动词有时态的范畴，表示动作正在进行在动词之后加“紧”或“开”;表示动作完成在动词之后加“”;表示动作的
一、“紧” 在动词之后加“紧”，表示动作正在进行;动作之后加“开”，除了表示动作正在进行之外，还表示动作曾经进行过，今后还要继续进行下去。
例如：
大家讨论紧呢件事。(大家正在讨论这件事。)
陧紧一张报纸。(他正在看一张报纸。)
呢张凳系我坐开。(这张凳子是我坐的。)
我睇开一本小说。(我正在看一本小说。)
二、“” 加在动词之后表示动作的完成。
例如：
我完成呢项任务。(我完成了这项任务。)
你食饭未?(你吃过饭没有?)
谌边度?(他到哪里去了?)
三、“过” 动词之后加“过”表示动作的经历，这和普通话相同，但在合成趋向动词之后，粤语要把“过”插在趋向动词的两个字中间。
例如：
琴日有尤巳牍?(昨天有没有人进来过?)
今日我出过去。(今天我出去过。)
四、“住”、“自” 动词后面加“住”表示动作的持续，一般用在肯定语句或普通语句里;“自”也可以表示动作的持续，只用于否定语句里。例如：
谕住我。(他看着我。)
你拧住把刀做乜?(你拿着一把刀干什么?)
你唔好行自。(你先别走。)
咪放手自。(先别放手。)
情貌的表示方式
粤语经常使用一些词语附加于述语之前或之后陈述动作行为发生的种种
一、“过头”，“得滞” 表示情况过甚，超过常规的范围，
例如：
你蠢过头。(你太蠢了。)
呢种柑酸过头，唔好食。(这种橘子太酸了，不好吃。)
诰得滞。(他精明过头。)
呢杯茶溶得滞。(这杯茶太浓了。)
急得滞，唔记得带飞。(太急了，忘了带票。)
二、“晒” 表示东西净尽、事情完毕，所称的范围都包括在内。
例如：
台上面书唔见晒。(桌子上的书全部不见了。)
老豆俾我钱仲未用晒。(
呢本书你睇晒未啊?(这本书你看完了没有?) “晒”还可以放在举止或习惯用语的末尾以表示强调，说明该词的郑重意味。如：
多谢晒。(太感谢了!)。
多得晒你啊。(真的多亏你了。)
唔该晒。(太麻烦你了。)
三、“埋” 粤语用“埋”表示范围的扩充，表示由此及彼，相当于普通话的“连……也”，
例如：
食埋呢个苹果去喇。(连这个苹果也吃了吧。)
你做埋我呢份。(你把我这一份也做了吧。)
叫埋谌ァ(把他也叫去。)
四、“添” 粤语常用“添”放在句末，表示数量的增加和范围的扩充，相当于“再”的意思。
例如：
饮多杯茶添。(再喝一杯茶吧。)
我再等谝徽笞犹怼(我再等他一会儿。)
写多张添就够喇。(再写一张就够了。)
五、“翻” 加在动词后边，表示回复到原来的状态，普通话没有与之对译的词。
例如：
搬翻张凳翻房。(把凳子搬回房子里。(凳子原来是在房子里的))
诰醯玫掠锖媚蜒В又学翻英语喇。(他觉得德语很难学，又恢复学英语了。)
快睇翻你书。(快点看你的书。(原来是在看书，一度中断))
特殊句式
粤语有一些句子的格式与普通话不同，
学习资料
他们主要
一、比较句
粤语的比较句，常在两项中间先用形容词表示比较结果然后再加“过”的格式，
如：
诟吖你。(他比你高。)
我大过你。(我比你大。)
句子中如果需要出现数量补语，则至于句末，如：
谙咐成绩好诤枚唷(他弟弟的成绩比他好很多。)
二、处置句
粤语的处置句用介词“将”引进处置的对象，它大体上相当于普通话的“把”。
如：
将呢旧书卖凇(把这些旧书卖了。)
这样的句子在口语中可以说成：
卖呢旧书凇
普通话中没有后面这种把表示被处置的对象的词语置于动词之后再用一个代词“凇崩锤粗杆的形式。
三、存在句
粤语中常用“有”或“有……过”表示曾经做过某种事情，但普通话一般在表示存在或拥有什么东西的情况下才用“有”，粤语则可以用“有”来带谓词性的宾语。
如：
我今日有去睇过凇(我今天去看过他。)
谟薪蛔饕怠(他交了作业。)
粤语中表示拥有某种生活条件或存在某种客观事物的可能性，常用“有……”。
如：
有得食，有得住。(有食的，有住的。)
者否定形式则用“拥谩薄
四、双宾句
粤语表示给予的双宾句，一般采用以下的形式：
我俾一本书凇(我给了他一本书。)
粤语的指密宾语如果带有较长的修饰语时，也可以在指人的宾语前加“过”，
如：
我俾好多好睇书过凇(我给他了很多好看的书。)
五、被动句
粤语表示被动的句式与普通话大体相同，只是粤语用“俾”引出施动者，而普通话用“被”。
如：
呢个苹果俾老鼠咬过。(这个苹果被老鼠咬过。)
普通话“被”后面可以省略施动者，但粤语不能省略，如果没有必要明确表示施动者或不知道施动者，可以在“俾”后加“人”表示。如：
谫氯舜一餐。(他被打了一顿。)
六、判断句
粤语判断句常用“是……架”的形式，
如：
我系广东人架。(我是广东人。)
我唔系鬼佬架。(我不是外国人。)
七、否定句
粤语中常用的否定词有“唔”(不)、“印(没)、“未”(不曾)、“咪”(别)等。
例如：
我唔食辣S。(我不吃辣的东西。)
我禹过呢本书。(我没看过这本书。)
我仲未食饭。(我还没有吃饭。)
八、疑问句
粤语的疑问句与普通话大同小异。只是粤语中较多使用正反问句，而普通话中较多使用后加“吗”的疑问句，粤语中有疑问词“咩”，与“吗”用法相近，但多用于反问句中。
如：
今晚你唔啊?(今晚你来吗?)
你识做呢道题咩?(你会做这道题吗?)
粤语语法与现代标准汉语的区别主要体现在词句顺序、虚词、副词、部分形容词、助词及其放置方式上，复杂而不可缺或的语气助词也是粤语的一个特色。尽管粤语与普通话在这些语法方面上有明显差别，但主体语法基本相同，都是主-谓-宾式语言，都属於分析语，总体仍有60%以上相似之处。
倒装
形容词後置粤语一些词汇习惯将形容词放在所修饰的中心词後面，相对汉语普通话而言形成所谓的倒装构词结构，例如北方汉语的「公鸡」在粤语中是「鸡公」，而「椰青」指「青椰子」。
这种把形容词置於主词之後的语法在壮泰语及越南语中均广泛存在。这是粤语中残存的古南越语语法。
状语後置粤语通常把修饰动词或形容词的副词放在所修饰的词之後，有时甚至放在句末
〔
[粤语语法学习]实例分析粤语动词的时态
〕随文赠言：【受惠的人，必须把那恩惠常藏心底，但是施恩的人则不可记住它。――西塞罗】篇8：语法-动词不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
举例：
the driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
i happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
i like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
i like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
i want to speak to tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
i want you to speak to tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
there are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that i can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
the question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
7.2 不定式作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. we believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。
find 的特殊用法：
find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
i found him lying on the ground.
i found it important to learn.
i found that to learn english is important.
典型例题:
the next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
a. lying b. lie c. lay d. laying
答案：a.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
we consider tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题
charles babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
a. to invent b. inventing c. to have invented d. having invented
答案：a. 由consider to do sth. 排除b、d。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而c为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选c。
3) to be +形容词
seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
the book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
we didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
we regard tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
7.3 不定式主语
1） it's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
it's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
it's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) it's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
it was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
it seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用it is… to…的句型
(对)to see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
(错)it is to believe to see.
7.4 it's for sb.和 it's of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
it's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
it's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
you are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。
he is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)
7.5 不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
my work is to clean the room every day.
his dream is to be a doctor.
7.6 不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
i have a lot of work to do.
so he made some candles to give light.
7.7 不定式作状语
1）目的状语
to… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
he ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
i come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
what have i said to make you angry.
he searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
i'm glad to see you.
典型例题
the chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
a. sit b. sit on c. be seat d. be sat on
答案：b. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于“形容词+动词不定式”结构的末尾。
7.8 用作介词的to
to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：
admit to承认， confess to承认，
be accustomed to习惯于， be used to习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意
7.9 省to 的动词不定式
1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役动词 let, have, make：
3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
i saw him dance.
=he was seen to dance.
the boss made them work the whole night.
=they were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） why… / why not…：
6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：
he is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
举例：
he wants to move to france and marry the girl.
he wants to do nothing but go out.
比较： he wants to do nothing but go out.
he wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
典型例题
1) ---- i usually go there by train.
---- why not ___ by boat for a change?
a. to try going b. trying to go c. to try and go d. try going
答案：d. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选d。
2） paul doesn't have to be made ___. he always works hard.
a. learn b. to learn c. learned d. learning
答案：b. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。
7.10 动词不定式的否定式
tell him not to shut the window…
she pretended not to see me when i passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
典型例题
1）tell him ___ the window.
a. to shut not b. not to shut c. to not shut
d. not shut
答案：b。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.
2) she pretended ___ me when i passed by.
a. not to see b. not seeing c. to not see
d. having not seen
答案：a。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。
3）mrs. smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
a. never to drive b. to never driver
c. never driving d. never drive
答案：a。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.
4) the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
a. not to b. not to do c. not do it
d. do not to
答案：a。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此b，d不对。
5) the patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
a. to eat no b. eating not c. not to eat
d. not eating
答案：c。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。
7.11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…
1）too…to 太…以至于…
he is too excited to speak.
他太激动了，说不出话来。
---- can i help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
---- well, i'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太”。
it's never too late to mend. (谚语)
改过不嫌晚。
3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
i'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。
he was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
7.12 不定式的特殊句型so as to
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。
2) so kind as to ---劳驾
would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
劳驾，现在几点了。
7.13 不定式的特殊句型why not
“why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不……?” “干吗不……?”
例如：
why not take a holiday?
干吗不去度假?
7.14 不定式的时态和语态
时态语态 主动 被动
一般式to doto be done
进行式to be doing
完成式to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
he seems to know this.
i hope to see you again. = i hope that i'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
i'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
he seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
he seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时：
she is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
7.15 动名词与不定式
1） 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to dotry doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to domean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
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