【导语】以下是小编整理的英语常用修辞格的语用分析(共9篇),希望能够帮助到大家。

篇1:英语常用修辞格的语用分析
英语常用修辞格的语用分析
修辞与语用是密切相关的,修辞学与语用学旨在研究人类言语的`交际行为.文章从语用的角度分析了一些英语常见的修辞格如夸张、反语、拟人、矛盾修辞和隐喻等,并探索这些修辞手段是如何使人们的言语交际更为成功有效.
作 者:李萌萌 王华 LI Meng-meng WANG Hua 作者单位:合肥工业大学,外国语言学院,合肥,230009 刊 名:合肥工业大学学报(社会科学版) 英文刊名:JOURNAL OF HEFEI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY(SOCIAL SCIENCES) 年,卷(期): 22(2) 分类号:H315 关键词:修辞 英语 语用学篇2:英语典故修辞格及其汉译
英语典故修辞格及其汉译
典故(Allusion)作为以历史渊源作背景的修辞格,其运用范围非常广泛.在翻译实践中,译者应该注意英语典故的文化渊源,理解其深刻含义,采用恰当的翻译方法并根据具体的语言环境进行翻译.
作 者:刘爱勤 LIU Ai-qin 作者单位:平顶山工学院外语系,河南,平顶山,467001 刊 名:安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版) 英文刊名:JOURNAL OF ANHUI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY(SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITION) 年,卷(期):2008 25(3) 分类号:H315 关键词:英语 典故 语用类型 翻译方法篇3:英语常见的修辞格
英语常见的修辞格
Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.
2) Metaphor:(暗喻)It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.
3) Analogy: (类比)It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
4) Personification: (拟人)It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的') objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) Hyperbole: (夸张) It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述) It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism: (委婉) It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to “die” as “ pass away”.
8) Metonymy (转喻) It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).
9) Synecdoche (提喻) It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.
10) Antonomasia (换喻)It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.
11) Pun: (双关语) It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here “arms” has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)
12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙) It has two connotations.
In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)
In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)
13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配) It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)
14) Irony: (反语) It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.
15) Innuendo: (暗讽) It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.
16) Sarcasm: (讽刺) It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.
17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语) It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.
18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰) It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).
19) Antithesis: (对照) It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.
20) Epigram: (警句) It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.
21) Climax: (渐进) It is derived from the Greek word for “ladder” and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.
22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降)It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.
23) Apostrophe: (顿呼) In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!
24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词) It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or deive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.
25) Alliteration: (头韵) It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called “front rhyme”. For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.
26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声) It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement.
Selected from Figures of Speech by Feng Cuihua
篇4:广告英语的语用分析
广告英语的语用分析
从语用学的`言语行为理论、会话含意、礼貌原则理论角度对广告英语进行分析和探讨.
作 者:何翼 HE Yi 作者单位:泸州医学院,外国语学院,四川,泸州,646000 刊 名:重庆工学院学报(社会科学版) 英文刊名:JOURNAL OF CHONGQING INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 年,卷(期): 21(9) 分类号:H313 关键词:广告语言 言语行为 会话原则 礼貌原则篇5:浅谈英语中常见的修辞格
浅谈英语中常见的修辞格
对于一个具有一定英语水平的人来说,谙熟其修辞方式,不仅有助于辨别该语言的各种修辞现象,了解修辞运用的规律,从而提高分析语言表现技巧的能力,而且还可以有力提高准确、有效地运用语言的能力。
一、比喻(the figures of speech)
比喻是语言艺术的升华,是最富有诗意的语言形式之一,是语言的信息功能和美学功能的有机结合。英语中常见的比喻有三类:明喻、隐喻和转喻。
1.明喻(the simile)
明喻通常是把被比喻的“本体”和用以比喻的“喻体”同时说出,说明本体事物象喻体事物,用介词like ,连词as,as if,as…so,动词seem等以及句型A …to B as C…to D等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。
人们往往有这样的错觉,认为比喻修辞只适用于文学类的各种文体,而非文学类论著,如科技之类应用文 体,为了表达的正确性、严密性与科学性,是排斥比喻的。事实上,在英语的科技类的论著中,为了把描述的事物说得具体化、形象化,把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,也经常使用比喻。例如:
(1)Bacteria are so small that a single round one of acommon type is about 1/25,000 of an inch across when these bacteria are magnified 1,000 times, they look only as large as a pencil point. 细菌是这样小,一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1/25,000英寸。这种细菌放大一千倍看起来也只有铅笔尖那么大。
(2)There now exists a kind of glass so sensitive to light that, like photographic film, it will record pictures and designs. 现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃,它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。
英语中除上述的.用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许许多多常用的明喻习语。例如:
as clear as crystal 清如水晶
这类利用双声增强美感的明喻习语简洁明快,短小精悍,语言形象,比喻恰切,令人回味无穷,运用得当,可以达到表达生动、形象的效果。
2.隐喻(the metaphor)
它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻 词,只是在暗中打比方。举一个简单的例子:Argument is war. 实际上argument和 war是两种不同的事物,前者是口头争论,后者是武装冲突。但argument和war都可能十分激烈,因此该句用战争(war)来暗指辨论(argum ent)的激烈程度。再如:
(1)He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠。
(2)To me, the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama.对于我来说,四季的奇妙变幻犹如一出动人心弦、永不完结的戏。
英语中有许多数词习语和俚语,主要用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。许多数词习语和俚语本身所代表的数字意思,在某种情况下往往失去具体的含义,引申演变为与某一事物相关或具有某一事物特征的含义。例如:
(1)A hundred to one it will be a failure.这件事极可能失败。
(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。
英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如:
to teach fish to swim 班门弄斧
to plough the sand 白费力气
这些隐喻成语的最大特色就是通过具体的、妇孺皆知的形象来表情达意。请看 a square peg in a round hole 用“园洞中的方钉”来说明“不适宜担任某一职务的人”,真是十分恰当;between the devil and the deep sea 一边是魔鬼,一边是大海,叫人走投无路,十分传神地表达出“进退两难”的境界。
(3)转喻(the metonymy)
转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如:
(1)The buses in America are on strike now. 美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。
(2)The pen is mightier than the sword. 文人胜于武士(以pen, sword喻指使用这物的人)。
英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字,除本义外,常可转借喻人,形象生动,意味隽永。例如:
(1)Mrs Smith is nice but her husband is such a bear that no body likes him. 史密斯夫人和蔼可亲,但她丈夫为人粗鲁,脾气暴躁,谁都不喜欢他(以兽喻人)。
(2)She is a social butterfly. 她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。
比喻是英语中最为常见的,用得十分广泛的一种修辞格。论证问题,说明道理以及描绘人物、事物、景物等等,都用得着。它的基本作用是把事物或事理说得具体、生动、形象,使人可见可感可悟,以增强语言的说服力和感染力。
二、借代(the synecdoche)
比喻一定要用一种事物比方另一种事物,无论明喻、隐喻和转喻都是如此。转喻虽然表面上只剩下喻体事 物,省去了本体事物,但仍然是两种事物相比。然而借代只有一种事物,不过没说出该事物原来的名称,另外借用一个名称来代替它。修辞中这种“换一个名称”的办法,就是借代。替代的方式可以是人、物互代,部分和全体互代,单数代复数,描象代替具体或具体代替抽象等等。例如:
(1)The river is crowded with masts. 河中帆樯林立(用船的一部分樯mast代替船boat本身)。
(2)Our second year we attacked Homer. 第二年我们攻读荷马的作品(以人Homer代替其作品)。
使用借代修辞方式要选用最突出最明显的事物特征来代替事物名称。借代运用得好,
篇6:浅谈英语中几种常见的修辞格
浅谈英语中几种常见的修辞格
对于一个具有一定英语水平的人来说,谙熟其修辞方式,不仅有助于辨别该语言的各种修辞现象,了解修 辞运用的规律,从而提高分析语言表现技巧的能力,而且还可以有力提高准确、有效地运用语言的能力。为此 ,本文想就英语中几种常见的修辞格粗略地谈谈自己的看法。一、比喻(the figures of speech)
比喻是语言艺术的升华,是最富有诗意的语言形式之一,是语言的信息功能和美学功能的有机结合。英语 中常见的比喻有三类:明喻、隐喻和转喻。
1.明喻(the simile)
明喻通常是把被比喻的“本体”和用以比喻的“喻体”同时说出,说明本体事物象喻体事物,用介词like ,连词as,as if,as…so,动词seem等以及句型A …to B as C…to D等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫 明喻。
人们往往有这样的错觉,认为比喻修辞只适用于文学类的各种文体,而非文学类论著,如科技之类应用文 体,为了表达的正确性、严密性与科学性,是排斥比喻的。事实上,在英语的科技类的论著中,为了把描象的 事物说得具体化、形象化,把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,也经常使用比喻。例如:
(1)Bacteria are so small that a single round one of acommon type is about 1/25,000 of an in ch across when thesebacteria are magnified 1,000 times, they look only aslarge as apencil point. 细菌是这样小,一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1/25,000英寸。这种细菌放大一千倍看起来也只有铅笔 尖那么大。
(2)There now exists a kind of glass so sensitive to light that,like photographic film,it wil l record pictures and designs. 现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃,它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。
英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许许多多常用的明喻习语。例如:
as long as it′s broad半斤八两;结果一样
as clear as crystal清如水晶
这类利用双声增强美感的明喻习语简洁明快,短小精悍,语言形象,比喻恰切,令人回味无穷,运用得当 ,可以达到表达生动、形象的效果。
2.隐喻(the metaphor)
它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻 词,只是在暗中打比方。举一个简单的例子:Argument is war.实际上argument和 war是两种不同的事物,前 者是口语谈论,后者是武装冲突。但argument和war都可能十分激烈,因此该句用战争(war)来暗指辨论(argum ent)激烈的程度。再如:
(1)He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠。
(2)To me,the pegeant of seasons is a thrilling and unendingdrama.对于我来说,四季的奇妙变幻犹 如一出动人心弦永不完结的戏。
英语中有许多数词习语和俚语,主要用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。许多数词习语和俚语本身所代表的 数字意思,在某种情况下往往失去具体的含义,引申演变为与某一事物相关或具有某一事物特征的含义。例如 :
(1)A hundred to one it will be a failure.这件事极可能失败。
(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。
英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如:
to teach fish to swim班门弄斧
to plough the sand白费力气
这些隐喻成语的最大特色就是通过具体的、妇孺皆知的形象来表情达意。请看:a square peg in a roun d hole用“园洞中的方钉”,来说明“不适宜担任某一职务的人”,真是十分恰当;between the devil and the deepsea,一边是魔鬼,另一边是大海,叫人走投无路,十分传神地表达出“进退两难”的境界。
(3)转喻(the metonymy)
转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如:
(1)The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机driv ers)。
(2)The pen is mightier than the sword.文人胜于武士(以pen,sword喻指使用这物的人)。
英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字,除本义外,常可转借喻人,形象生动,意味隽永。例如:
(1)Mrs Smith is nice but her husband is such a bear thatnobody likes him.史密斯夫人和蔼可亲, 但她丈夫为人粗鲁,脾气暴躁,谁都不喜欢他(以兽喻人)。
(2)She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。
比喻是英语中最为常见的,用得十分广泛的一种修辞格。论证问题,说明道理以及描绘人物、事物、景物 等等,都用得着。它的基本作用是把事物或事理说得具体、生动、形象,使人可见可感可悟,以增强语言的说 服力和感染力。
二、借代(the synecdoche)
比喻一定要用一种事物比方另一种事物,无论明喻、隐喻和转喻都是如此。转喻虽然表面上只剩下喻体事 物,省去了本体事物,但仍然是两种事物相比。然而借代只有一种事物,不过没说出该事物原来的名称,另外 借用一个名称来代替它。修辞中这种“换一个名称”的办法,就是借代。替代的方式可以是人、物互代,部分 和全体互代,单数代复数,描象代替具体或具体代替抽象等等。例如:
(1)The river is crowded with masts. 河中帆樯林立(用船的一部分樯mast代替船boat本身)。
(2)Our second year we attacked Homer.第二年我们攻读荷马的作品(以人Homer代替其作品)。
使用借代修辞方式要选用最突出最明显的事物特征来代替事物名称。借代运用得好,能使语言表达简洁明 快、具体、形象,以避免重复、累赘,并给人以新鲜感。
三、夸张(the exaggeration)
把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好 地呈现出来。例如:
(1)The old man lived a year in a minute.老人度日如年。
(2)The wretched man because famous overnight.这可怜人竟一夜之间出了名。
英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的.功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发 。
四、拟人(the personifjcation)
所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写,赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化 。例如:
(1)Necessity is the mother of invention.需要乃是发明之母。
(2)She is the favoured child of Fortune她是幸运之宠儿。
两句中名词mother和child通常用于人,而这里分别用于无生命的名词invention 和Fortune,使这两个词 拟人化了。
拟人法英语中用得也很多。运用得好,不仅使语言表达得生动、有力,而且给人以亲切、实在的感受。
五、反语(the irony)
反语就是说反话,用反话来表达思想、观点、事物等等。例如:
(1)There is no easy job in language learning.语言学习不是一件容易事(no easy job=difficult j ob).
(2)He seldom failed to order a bleeding.他很少不给病人放血(实际上他常常给病人放血)。
英语中有些明喻习语在使用时也是以反语的形式出现的。如:as welcome as a storm象欢迎暴风雨一样受 欢迎(实则“不得人心”);as slender in the middle as a cow in the waist腰细如牛(实际是“腰粗如 牛”)。
用反语来表达思想、观点或描绘事物,实际上是一种意重语轻的修辞方式,常常含有讽刺、幽默或揶揄的 意味。
六、头韵与拟声(the alliteration and oh omatopoeia)
1.头韵。头韵即连续数个单词的头音或头字母相同,这种现象在英语中常见。例如:
(1)He is all fire and fight.他从不放弃任何机会。
(2)There was something simple,sincere in that voice.那声音里有种纯朴真诚的东西。
2.拟声。拟声是词模拟人,其它有生命或无生命物的声音。英语拟声词兼有双重功能,即融“拟声”与表 示动作为一体。例如:
(1)He flopped down the bag and ran to help us.他噗地一声放下袋子,赶来帮助我们。
(2)The door banged shut.门砰地一声关上了。
头韵与拟声修辞方式能使语言具有音韵美,可增加口头或书面表达的实际音感,给人以声情并茂的美感。
修辞所追求的效果是语言表达得完美。修辞格是达到此境界的重要方式之一。要正确、恰当地运用修辞格 ,涉及的问题很多。其中一个十分重要的问题是切勿忘记,语言的完美必然建筑在语言的正确、准确使用的基 础上,因此修辞格的运用不仅必须以合乎语法规则为前提,还要以合乎逻辑──正确思维方法为前提。
篇7:反语的语用分析
反语的语用分析
反语作为一种修辞方法指的是故意使用和本意相反的.语言来表达思想感情.反语的特点决定它的使用必须建立在语境的基础之上.本文主要从语用学的角度分析反语的表达机制、表达形式及其语用功能.
作 者:邱野 作者单位:湘潭大学文学与新闻学院 刊 名:现代语文(语言研究) 英文刊名:MODERN CHINESE 年,卷(期): “”(9) 分类号:H1 关键词:反语 修辞方法 语境 语用学篇8:被动语态的语用分析
被动语态的语用分析
被动句在英语中是很重要的一个句式,但和相应的主动形式相比,被动形式具有特有的`语用内涵,并被运用在言语交际中.
作 者:王皎皎 作者单位:华北电力大学外国语学院,北京,102206 刊 名:中国电力教育 英文刊名:CHINA ELECTRIC POWER EDUCATION 年,卷(期): “”(10) 分类号:H3 关键词:被动语态 语用内涵篇9:隐喻的语用分析
隐喻的语用分析
当前对隐喻的研究不再局限于把隐喻看作词语层面上的修辞现象.对隐喻的本质认识已上升到认知和语用的层面上,即隐喻是认知现象,语用现象和两个语义领域的互动.认知语用学的关联理论帮助人们理解隐喻的产生,理解和接受,隐喻在人们生活中无处不在,正确理解隐喻是人们认知世界的.捷径,对人类的学习和生活都有帮助.
作 者:覃成强 王敏霞 作者单位:覃成强(广西大学中加国际学院,广西,南宁)王敏霞(广西大学外国语学院,广西,南宁,530004)
刊 名:广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版) 英文刊名:GUANGXI DAXUE XUEBAO JOURNAL OF GUANGXI UNIVERSITY 年,卷(期):2008 30(1) 分类号:H31 关键词:隐喻 关联理论 分析 认知★职责英语
★职称英语
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