下面是小编整理的高二下unit19，本文共11篇，希望对大家有所帮助。
篇1：高二下unit19
§2.1 词句贯通
1.pay back偿还；报答；报复
Can you lend me some money? I’ll pay you back tomorrow.
你能借给我一些钱吗？我明天就还你。
He paid me back the 100 dollars he owed me.
他把欠我的100美元还给我了。
He paid the money back soon after he got a well-paid job.
他找到高薪工作后，很快就把钱还给了我。
Susan doesn’t know how to pay him back for his help.
苏珊得到他的帮助，不知如何报答。
He paid me back by not coming.
他没来，以示对我的报复。
2.mercy n.仁慈，怜悯，宽恕；侥幸，幸运
The general showed no mercy,and his prisoners were all killed.
那位将军没有仁慈，他所有的犯人都被处死了。
It’s a mercy that the accident happened so close to the hospital.
很侥幸，这次事故发生在离医院不远处。
have mercy on/upon sb.;show mercy to sb.
宽恕、怜悯某人
They have no mercy on the poor father and daughter.
他们不怜悯这对可怜的父女。
Have mercy on me,please.
请宽恕我吧。
beg for mercy 乞求/请求宽恕
He went down on his knees and begged for mercy.
他跪下来，乞求宽恕。
at the mercy of “任由……摆布，在……掌握中”
I shouldn’t like to be at the mercy of such a cruel man.
我不想任由这个残忍的家伙摆布。
They were lost at sea,at the mercy of the winds and waves.
他们在海上迷失了方向，任由风浪摆布。
We were at the mercy of the enemy.
我们的命运在敌人的掌握中。
3.envy vt.羡慕，妒忌
What a grand thing it is to be a musician! How I envy you.
当一名音乐家有多伟大啊!我真羡慕你。
envy后常接双宾语，构成envy sb. sth.“忌妒某人的……，羡慕某人的……”。
I envy you your health.
我羡慕你的健康。
I envied him his experience.
我羡慕他的丰富经验。
I don’t envy you your journey in this bad weather.
我不羡慕你的旅行，天气这么不好。
How I envy you your talent!
我真是羡慕你的才能哟!
4.tear up撕毁；取消
John tore up his test paper so that his father wouldn’t see his low grade.
约翰撕毁了他的试卷，生怕他爸爸看到他得了那么低的分数。
She tore up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
她气愤地撕毁了那封信，把它扔进了垃圾箱。
They tore up the agreement without any reason.
他们无缘无故地取消了那份协议。
5.swear v.发誓；宣誓；断言；保证
They swore eternal friendship.
他们发誓友情不渝。
He swore never to drink.
他发誓绝不再喝酒。
He swore to tell us the truth.
他发誓给我们说实话。
He swore to be faithful to us.
他发誓效忠我们。
He swore his story was true.
他发誓他所讲的是真实的。
I swear that you are wrong.
我断言你错了。
swear to having done sth.
发誓说做过某事，坚持说做过某事
He swore to having been there then.
他发誓说当时他在那里。
I swore to having paid for the goods.
我发誓说已付了货款。
6.declare vt.宣布；声明
The new government declared a state of war with Germany.
新政府宣布与德国处于战争状态。
Jones was declared the winner of the match.
琼斯被宣布是这场比赛的胜者。
India declared her independence in 1947.
1947年印度宣布独立。
She declared that she didn’t want to see him again.
她声明她再也不想见他。
The Chinese government declared that Taiwan is part of China.
中国政府声明，台湾是中国的一部分。
declare sb./sth.(to be)…“宣布成为……；声明是……
He declared himself to be a member of their Party.
他宣布加入他们的党派。
His actions declared him to be an honest man.
他的行为表明他是个诚实的人。
7.court n.法庭，法院；开庭；球场
The court found him guilty.
法庭发现他有罪。
The prisoner was brought to court for trial.
那个犯人被带上法庭接受审判。
The case was settled out of court.
该案件在庭外解决了。
Several cases await trial at the next court.
下次开庭有几个案件等着审判。
He met her at the tennis court.
他在网球场见到了她。
Are all the players on court yet?
所有球员都到场地了吗？
take sb.to court 对某人起诉，控告
She decided to take him to court.
她决定控告他。
注：court很多情况下不加冠词。
8.murder vt.谋杀；杀害
He murdered the old woman for her money.
他杀害了那位老妇人以获取她的钱财。
He murdered his rival in cold blood.
他残忍地杀害了他的对手。
Gandhi was murdered by an Indian who opposed his views.
甘地被一位反对他的主张的印度人所杀害。
murder n.谋杀；凶杀；凶杀案
a case of murder一起凶杀案
an attempted murder杀人未遂
commit murder犯杀人罪
She cried,“Murder!”她大喊：“杀人了!”
He was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.
他承认杀人，被判终身监禁。
There were three murders in one month.
一个月之内发生了三起凶杀案。
The number of murders is rising in San Francisco.
在旧金山，凶杀案的数量在不断增加。
9.immediately adv.立刻；马上
He came home immediately after work.
他一下班就马上回家。
I wrote back to her immediately.
我立刻给她写了回信。
immediately conj.一……就……
Immediately he came home,I told him about that.
他一回家，我就告诉他那件事了。
She recognized me immediately she saw me.
她一看到我就认出了我。
I left immediately the clock struck twelve.
12点的钟声一响我就离开了。
10.conflict n.冲突；战斗
Nations must not settle their differences by armed conflicts.
各国不应通过武装冲突解决国家之间的分歧。
There is no conflict between church and state in Britain now.
在英国教堂与政府之间已不存在矛盾。
You should avoid conflict with your neighbors.
你应避免与邻居争执。
come into conflict with与……冲突；与……有矛盾
The two sides came into conflict last week,causing 5 people dead and many injured.
双方上周发生了冲突，造成5人死亡，多人受伤。
The husband often comes into conflict with his wife.
这位丈夫经常与妻子发生矛盾。
in conflict with与……冲突；与……有矛盾
My interests are in conflict with theirs.
我的利益与他们的冲突。
His words are in conflict with his actions.
他的言行不一致。
§2.2 发散思维
1.as far as
①到某一指定地点；远达
He walked as far as the post office.
他一直步行到邮局。
I’ll see you off as far as the airport.
我将一直送你到飞机场。
②同样的距离
We didn’t go as far as others.
我们没有别人走的那样远。
③(程度，范围)就……而言；至于，尽……
As far as I know,he isn’t coming to the party.
就我所知，他不会来参加这次聚会。
I’ll help you as far as I can.
我将尽我所能帮助你。
This is as far as we go.
我们到达终点了。
as/so far as…be concerned就……而言
As far as I am concerned,I cannot object to your marriage.
就我个人而言，我不反对你们的婚事。
As far as he is concerned,he can’t afford such an expensive car.
就他而言，他买不起这么贵的汽车。
2.order vt.命令；下令
order后可接名词作宾语。
The chairman ordered silence.
主席要求大家安静。
order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
The policeman ordered the drunken man leave the shop.
警察命令那个醉汉离开商店。
The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a week.
医生指示我要我休息一周。
She ordered the baggage to be brought to her room.
她吩咐把行李搬进她的房间。
order后可接that从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should+v.”形式，should可省略。
The king ordered that the man be released.
国王下令释放那个人。
The officer ordered that the guns be fired.
军官下令开炮。
order有时可与某些副词或介词短语连用。
He ordered me away.他命令我走开。
The father ordered his son out of the house.
父亲要儿子离开家。
篇2：高二下
在我看来，打好基础是学好英语的前提，如何打下基础呢?可以归纳如下：
制定计划，明确目标;课前预习，
找出难点;专心听讲，
当堂巩固;及时复习，
防止遗忘;独立作业，
检测效果;错误归类，
解决疑难;勤奋多练，
广泛阅读;系统总结，掌握规律。
建立错误档案本
在学习过程中，已获得的知识和技能对以后新知识、新技能的形成产生一定的影响，最好的办法是消灭错误，获得正确知识和技能。
每次练习或考试后，应该把自己做错的具有代表性的题目抄下来，收集汇编，然后把老师对错题讲解后的正确语句熟读牢记，保留错误的答案，用红笔写上正确的答案，眉批上理由分析，这样就形成新的语言习惯。
平时和临考前翻看，加深印象，引起注意，大大减少了错误率。既巩固了知识，又提高了应试能力，发挥了最佳的水平。
重视阅读理解能力的培养
重视阅读理解能力的培养，目的是提高对语篇整体认识的能力，以及推理判断、归纳总结的能力。坚持长期阅读(每天至少2篇以上)是稳步提高的保证。
通过有计划有步骤的课外阅读(如读21世纪报中学生英文版，《新概念英语》第二、三册，英语周报同步辅导及听说读写版)，不仅能巩固拓宽教材所学内容，更关键是会使所学知识活起来，激发出浓厚的学英语的兴趣以及扩大知识量的欲望。
养成朗读背诵的习惯
朗读是在课文所提供的语境中对语音、语调、意群、句型等基础知识的综合练习，同时培养纯正的语音语调和好的用语习惯以及为听力打下坚实的基础。对学过的句型、词组、对话、课文进行朗读和背诵，形成流利的语感，也培养了理解能力，为说、读及英语写作打好基础，这是提高英语水平的根本方法。
养成良好的书写习惯
养成书写规范、字迹工整、卷面整洁的习惯也很重要。高中相当一部分学生的字体书写不好，难以辨认，大小写不分，词距若有若无，标点符号乱用，给老师批改作业和试卷造成极大的麻烦。
这在高考阅卷评分中会吃大亏，白白丢分。因此，高二学生平时要养成书写规范的习惯，对大小写、标点符号和词距等一定要一丝不苟，力求规范化、整齐美观。
养成使用英汉双解词典的习惯
高二学生阅读面扩大，需要补充词汇量。学生应备一本英汉词典，如牛津中、高阶英汉双解词典，在学习中随时查阅。这在很大程度上能解决学生的疑惑，帮助理解词的用法，词汇量也就随之不断扩大。
通过朗读扩大词汇量
对于那些单词，语法什么的，都不去有意记它，而换成大声朗读它，一天读它十几遍甚至几十遍，上百遍，一些单词你只要一想，嘴里马上就能发出它的音，一动手自然就把单词写出来了。
当然对于一些词法、语法，朗读有一个小窍门，就是把一些经典的，具有明显语法现象的句子反复读，日子一长，你的语感能力就会大大增强，以后当你做单项填空时，就不用想它所涉及到的语法，只是在心中默念一次，然后对照一下，答案立刻就出来了。
给大家分享学好英语的十条经验：
1.学习外语一天也不能中断，那怕每天挤出10分钟也好。早晨是学外语的大好时光，尤应充分利用。
2.如果学厌了，不必勉强继续，也不要放下不学，可以变换一下其它的学习方法和形式，如改听录音，看外语电视节目等。
3.绝不要脱离上下文孤立地死记硬背。
4.应随时记下并背熟常用的“句套子”，并多多练习套用。
5.尽可能“心译”你接触的东西，如一闪而过的广告，偶尔听到的话语。这是一种休息方式，也是一种训练方式。
6.不要反复去看那些未经教师修改过的练习，只有那些肯定是正确的东西才值得去牢记。
7.抄录和记忆“句套子”和惯用语时，要用单数第一人称。在应用时则能根据不同时态而发挥出去。
8.外语好比碉堡，必须同时从四面八方向它围攻。如：读报纸，听广播，看外语电影、电视，听外语讲座，读外语读物等。
9.要敢于用外语说话，不要怕出错误。当别人帮你纠正错误时，不要难为情，更不要泄气。
10.要坚信自己一定能达到目的，坚信自己有坚强的毅力和语言方面的才能。
篇3：高二下
高二学习是整个高中阶段重要的组成部分之一，打好高二的基础，对于成功完成高中阶段的学习任务具有深远而重大的意义。高二一年有五科会考，任务是高中阶段最繁重的一年。积累与实践将成为这年的主旋律。
高二英语同高二语文一样是积累实践的过程。在这一年里，所有高中英语语法将全部学完，高三所剩下的就是整理归纳以及听力作文等的训练。所以在这一年中要注重词汇的积累和语法的整理归纳。高二下学期起老师逐步开始对所学语法进行复习归纳与联系，这时要认真听好课、做好笔记和练习。高二英语是积累实践的过程。在这一年里，所有高中英语语法将全部学完，高三所剩下的就是整理归纳以及听力作文等的训练。学习英语无捷径。要想学好英语只有大量实践，多听多读，多说，多写。
下面我从以下几个方面说一下英语学习方法
1.大家最担心的可能是语法，而实际上这是我最不担心的，我只要求在平时讲解或复习归纳语法时，大家要认真听好课、做好笔记和练习。要把英语语法的基本条条记牢，并经常运用到使用英语的实践中。背例句是学语法理论的好方法。平时在做题时遇到语法疑问时或自己查阅语法书看其相关练习，或问同学问老师，这时是心中有疑问而学，理解力和记忆力都是最强的。
2.单词积累一定要花大力气，早晨和零碎时间是最好的，可以利用早晨背，晚上复习的方法，每天至少背十个，背单词的顺序是读准音，英汉互译，最后背拼写，按音标记拼写，能造个例句就更好了这样能连其用法一起掌握。也可以把难记的词汇写在卡片上，贴在桌上，床头或随身携带，用零碎时间看看记记或同桌互相考查。特别要注意的是温故而知新，每天背新词之前一定要把背过的词汇复习一下，不然就是背的没有忘的快了。
3.大量阅读对英语学习至关重要，没有大量阅读很难学好英语。除了读老师布置的之外，大家要有难易程度适合自己水平的阅读材料，每天坚持读1-2篇阅读(包括完型和短改)，切记，这是获得高分的保证。在做阅读习题时，要在文章中找到问题答案并画下来，做完之后看一下答案详解，学习分析方法，同时要注意泛读，材料多种多样，简易读物，中学生英文报纸，空中英语教室，或名著简易本，及各类比较浅显的英语文章均可读这类材料时，不要一碰到生词就翻辞典，尽量靠上下文来猜测词义，除非一个生词反复出现，不知道意思实在影响理解全文，否则就不查。泛读还要讲究一定的速度，有时也不必逐词细看。泛读多了，语感就会强，还能逐步锻炼出跳读与扫读的能力。可以说，不会泛读的人，就不叫会阅读。
4.写作最能使人感到英语学习上的不足，最能提高对语言的敏感性和吸收能力。要常写常改常背，写作文觉得难，可先从造句，翻译入手，应随时记下并背熟常用的“句套子” (包括一些复杂结构，如定语从句，非谓语动词短语，强调句型等等 )和惯用语，并多多练习套用仿写。背范文更是好方法。还要练习用好连接词语，因为连接词语用好了，可以使意思表达更准确，文章更顺畅。有一点需要提及的是不要生造中国式的英文。所以模仿最好了。另外在生活中尽可能“心译”你接触的东西，如一闪而过的广告，偶尔听到的话语。这是一种休息方式，也是一种训练写作的方式。
5.朗读和听写是学外语最有效的训练方法，基础阶段必须坚持。利用好晨读时间，读时更是要用心，边看边读边记。在平时的学习中，如果学厌了，不必勉强继续，但不要放下不学，可以变换一下其它的学习方法和形式，如改听录音，听英语歌曲，看外语电视节目等，这样也可以训练听力语感。
最后，要坚信自己一定能达到目的，坚信自己有坚强的毅力和语言方面的才能。
下面我对我们本学期英语学习作出几个说明
1.单词听写。听写时态度要认真，满分得红星，升级，定期奖励。听写写错的单词要抄5遍，并补考到百分，要当天词汇当天解决。
2.每天1-2阅读。画出答案。并补充适合自己水平的1篇。
3.每周背诵一篇范文或美文。看到好的文章句子要抄下来背诵并积累好词好句或谚语。
4.当天作业认真完成，分层留作业，做你能做的题，不会做的可以查书，笔记，也可问同学老师，完成之后有答案的要核对答案，把错的，有疑问的用红笔画出，作为听课重点，不能完成的，抄写单元单词5遍。(作业中选做的部分，英语考试能达到90分特别是100分以上的同学要自觉完成。基础不是很扎实的同学，每天要读一篇能读懂的英语文章，补充5-10个词汇。)
5.笔记要及时整理并背下来，每天课间，我将抽查两名同学的笔记并提问。
6.资料的利用：着重处理基础习题，老师发的知识讲解，报纸的基础练习和阅读。在读《英语学习辅导报》时，要每周挑选2-3篇文章阅读，积累词汇。并抄写在你的笔记本上。
7. 每周的一 三 五朗读单词课文。二 四 练习听力。
总之一句，认真对待“课前预习，上课，课后及时总结复习，完成作业和自己安排的学习活动”这五个学习五环节。
学好外语的十条经验
1.学习外语一天也不能中断，那怕每天挤出10分钟也好。早晨是学外语的大好时光，尤应充分利用。
2.如果学厌了，不必勉强继续，也不要放下不学，可以变换一下其它的学习方法和形式，如改听录音，看外语电视节目等。
3.绝不要脱离上下文孤立地死记硬背。
4.应随时记下并背熟常用的“句套子”，并多多练习套用。
5.尽可能“心译”你接触的东西，如一闪而过的广告，偶尔听到的话语。这是一种休息方式，也是一种训练方式。
6.不要反复去看那些未经教师修改过的练习，只有那些肯定是正确的东西才值得去牢记。
7.抄录和记忆“句套子”和惯用语时，要用单数第一人称。在应用时则能根据不同时态而发挥出去。
8.外语好比碉堡，必须同时从四面八方向它围攻。如：读报纸，听广播，看外语电影、电视，听外语讲座，读外语读物等。
9.要敢于用外语说话，不要怕出错误。当别人帮你纠正错误时，不要难为情，更不要泄气。
10.要坚信自己一定能达到目的，坚信自己有坚强的毅力和语言方面的才能。
高二英语对学生的听、说、读、写能力有了更高的要求，总的来说，高二英语应注重能力的培养，为以后运用英语进行交际及进一步自学深造打好坚实的基础。 在我看来，打好基础是学好英语的前提，如何打下基础呢?可以归纳如下：制定计划，明确目标;课前预习，找出难点;专心听讲，当堂巩固;及时复习，防止遗忘;独立作业，检测效果;错误归类，解决疑难;勤奋多练，广泛阅读;系统总结，掌握规律。
1 建立错误档案本
在学习过程中，已获得的知识和技能对以后新知识、新技能的形成产生一定的影响，最好的办法是消灭错误，获得正确知识和技能。每次练习或考试后，应该把自己做错的具有代表性的题目抄下来，收集汇编，然后把老师对错题讲解后的正确语句熟读牢记，保留错误的答案，用红笔写上正确的答案，眉批上理由分析，这样就形成新的语言习惯。平时和临考前翻看，加深印象，引起注意，大大减少了错误率。既巩固了知识，又提高了应试能力，发挥了最佳的水平。
2 重视阅读理解能力的培养
重视阅读理解能力的培养，目的是提高对语篇整体认识的能力，以及推理判断、归纳总结的能力。坚持长期阅读(每天至少2篇以上)是稳步提高的保证。通过有计划有步骤的课外阅读(新概念英语》第二、三册，英语周报同步辅导及听说读写版)，不仅能巩固拓宽教材所学内容，更关键是会使所学知识活起来，激发出浓厚的学英语的兴趣以及扩大知识量的欲望。
3 养成朗读背诵的习惯
朗读是在课文所提供的语境中对语音、语调、意群、句型等基础知识的综合练习，同时培养纯正的语音语调和好的用语习惯以及为听力打下坚实的基础。对学过的句型、词组、对话、课文进行朗读和背诵，形成流利的语感，也培养了理解能力，为说、读及英语写作打好基础，这是提高英语水平的根本方法。
4 养成良好的书写习惯
养成书写规范、字迹工整、卷面整洁的习惯也很重要。高中相当一部分学生的字体书写不好，难以辨认，大小写不分，词距若有若无，标点符号乱用，给老师批改作业和试卷造成极大的麻烦。这在高考阅卷评分中会吃大亏，白白丢分。因此，高二学生平时要养成书写规范的习惯，对大小写、标点符号和词距等一定要一丝不苟，力求规范化、整齐美观。
5养成使用英汉双解词典的习惯
高二学生阅读面扩大，需要补充词汇量。学生应备一本英汉词典，如牛津中、高阶英汉双解词典，在学习中随时查阅。这在很大程度上能解决学生的疑惑，帮助理解词的用法，词汇量也就随之不断扩大。
6 通过朗读扩大词汇量
对于那些单词，语法什么的，都不去有意记它，而换成大声朗读它，一天读它十几遍甚至几十遍，上百遍，一些单词你只要一想，嘴里马上就能发出它的音，一动手自然就把单词写出来了。当然对于一些词法、语法，朗读有一个小窍门，就是把一些经典的，具有明显语法现象的句子反复读，日子一长，你的语感能力就会大大增强，以后当你做单项填空时，就不用想它所涉及到的语法，只是在心中默念一次，然后对照一下，答案立刻就出来了。
篇4：高二下
英语一定要十分注意听、说、读、写的语言技能的培养。只有这样，英语考试才能迎刃而解。
首先，是英语单词的问题。一定要定时定量，比如规定每星期一、三、五看半小时的单词，就一定要坚持下去，单词的记忆不是一朝一夕能完成的。可以随身带一袖珍笔记本，将看到的新词随时记在上面，闲暇时抽出来看看记记，其效果一定不错，即使每天记上 10个单词，一个月便可较熟悉地掌握运用300个单词。
综合练习。在考试中，阅读也往往是让人头痛的大难题。一种情况是对较难的文章根本无法读懂，解决这个问题便只能从基础抓起，单词关要过。而更多的同学是文章能读懂，但题却做错，这种问题解决就要具体分析了。我们必须明白，考试考的是你对文章的理解，而不是你对文章表述的问题上的看法。考试的大篇幅考题是 篇章训练，完形阅读七选五等，所以平时练习的时候要多注重文章的逻辑结构，找准文章段落的主旨。而不同题型的解题办法也不同，如完形要注重上下文逻辑，完形要学会通过关键词找准出题地方，七选五要理解文章段落的逻辑关系判断选择的句子跟段落或者是整篇文章的关系，留意逻辑词和指示代词等提示词。
作文也是拉分的一大块。作文高分秘诀其实很简单。文章一定要逻辑清楚，使评卷老师很快就能明白你在说什么。英语句子不一定要多么华丽精妙，但却定要确保准确无误，即使写较多的短句也没关系。因为复杂的长句一旦掌握不好，犯了低级的语法错误，那么你在老师心中的印象便一下子大打折扣了。此外，同等程度的文章，若书写得漂亮端正，得分必高于书写较差的。每天都应尽力抽出半个小时朗读英文，培养语感，同时对听力也大有好处。日积月累，点滴进步。
高二下学期预习建议
高二进入下学期，高中基本重点的语法点都已经学完了，要开始进入题型的锻炼，以及生词的积累。关于各种的题型要开始养成好的做题习惯。
比如完形填空，不要一拿到题目就对着选项看一个做一个，要先有浏览文章大意的习惯，这样对文章整体有了解才不至于有些段落一连错好几个，失分严重。在潮爆的课堂中我们也会练习盲填的方式来加深对文章逻辑的把握。而在完形填空，另一个难点是生词，所以大家要在平时练习的时候积累自己不会的单词，因为完形的难词会反复出现，如果遇见了积累，会减少自己做练习的障碍。而难词多数来自与选修课本，而高二下学期又是集中学选修课本的时间，但是由于反三课的水平测，大家在选修的学习会比较匆忙，很多单词大家都不记得。所以大家可以利用假期时间要把选修的生词好好记忆。
在阅读理解中，要利用题干寻找关键词节省我们反复看文章的时间。七选五要对关键词逻辑词有一定的了解指示代词也是不能忽视的一个关键点。而对于改错题型大家普遍觉得难的题型，一定要从现在开始逐渐积累常见考点，冠词，介词搭配，从句的连词，形容词与副词的转化等，有了考点的积累，就会更加上手，做改错练习遇到找不到错误点的时候，可以通过排除考点的方式来进一步查找。
关于作文练习，要有话题词汇的积累，让写作内容充实而且不重复用一样的词汇，让老师看到你词汇量的积累，给评分老师一个好印象。另外，在句子中加入已经学过的语法点，如非谓语，名词性从句和定语从句，或者常见的亮眼句型。
篇5：Unit19 Modern agriculture
Periods:
Period1: Warming up, speaking
Period2-3: Reading
Period4: Language study, Grammar
Period5: Intergrating skills ,Writing, workbook
Period6: Listening
The First Period
Step 1. Lead-in
1. What do you have for breakfast / lunch / supper?
2. What did your parents have in their childhood?
3. What are the differences between the foods you have now and your parents had in the past?
Step 2. Warming up
As you know, with the time passing by, people’s living standard is becoming higher and higher. As a result their eating habits have charged a lot. Now we are going to know some details about it by watching the graphs.
1. Teach the students how to read statistical graphs:
1) What is the graph about?
(Look at the words above or below the graph.
e.g. Growth of major farm products 1991-95 compared with 1986-90percentages)
2) See what is shown on the x-axis.
（the major farm products. Such as grain, cotton, oil, sugar, meat, fish and fruit)
3) See what is shown on the y-axis.
(the percentages of growth. 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%)
4) Which farm product grew most during the first five years of the 1990s?
(Fruit.)
5) How much did it grow compared with that during the last five years of the 1980s?
(90 percent)
6) Which farm product grew least?
(Grain.)
7) If three million pigs, sheep and cattle were raised during the years from 1986 to 1990, how many were raised from 1991 to 1995?
(4.9 million.)
Step3：Discuss:
1）How are people’s eating habits changing over the years?
Why do you think this happens?
Notes:
A. over the years: 在这几年里
B. do you think: 插入语,经常位于疑问词（组）后，有时也可以放在句尾。
e.g.1) Where do you think our English teacher comes from?
你认为我们英语教师来自哪里？
2)Who do you think the old lady is? 你认为那老太太是谁？
3)What is it, do you think? 你认为这是什么？
2）What effects do you think the changes in eating habits will have on agriculture or nature?
Note:
have an effect on: 对……产生影响
Step 4. speaking
Now let’s do speaking. This part says that a group of farmers in your area have been given a large piece of land. The villagers together with the village leader have to decide how to use the land. Work in groups of five students. Each group member will play one of the roles. Prepare role cards, discuss the problem and try to make a decision. Before discussion, who can give us some useful expressions about giving advice and making decisions?
Giving advice:
S1: My advice would be … . I advise you to do …
S2: I think you ought to …. You’d better ….
S3: If I were you, I would … I would advise you .
S4: I don’t think you ought to … .
Making a decision:
S1: In my opinion, we should … I think believe you should …
S2: I don’t think it is necessary to do sth. … . We must decide …
S3: I hope we can make a decision.
Now let’s have a discussion, using the expressions above.
The second period Listening
1. Listen to the tape for the first time to do Exercise 1 in listening.
2. Listen again and do Exercise 2.
3. Listen for the third time and do Exercise 3.
Homework:
1. Revise what we learned today
2. Prepare the reading passage.
3. Do Exercise 3 on P109.
The third period Reading
Step 1.Lead-in
Ask some questions:
1. Are there any students coming from the countryside in our class?
2. Have you ever worked in the fields?
3. Have you ever heard of anything about farming in the past?
Step 2. Pre-reading
1. Now let’s look at the pictures in pre-reading.
Pictures 1 - 4 show us what traditional agriculture is like, and Pictures 5 - 8 show us what modern agriculture is like.
Can you tell us what the advantages and disadvantages of each way are?
advantages disadvantages
traditional agriculture cheap, no pollution low-volume production
modern agriculture high-volume production expensive, pollution
2. What other changes have happened on farms in the last 100 years?
( the use of insect killers, the use of food supplements in animal food, etc.)
Step 3 While reading
Task 1 Scanning:
Q1: What’s the biggest problem to Chinese farmers?
( The shortage of arable land.)
Q2: What does GM mean?
(“G” stands for “genetically”, “M” stands for “modified”)
Task 2 Skimming
A. Answer the following questions:
Questions:
（1）. How much does arable land take up in China?
Only 7 percent.
（2）. How many ways are mentioned to make the land produce more? What are they?
4. Fertilisation; irritation; 2 or more crops are planted each year where possible; more advanced technical information.
（3）. What does new techniques mean?
Those that are used to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.
（4）. When did scientist start to develop new techniques?
From the early 1990s.
（5）. How many unusual ways are mentioned to deal with the shortage of arable land?
2. Grow vegetables in greenhouses; GM.
B. Read the passage quickly and tell whether the following sentences are “T” or “F”:
1) For thousands of years traditional agriculture in China changed very much. (F)
2) In China, only seven percent of the land cannot be used for farming. (F)
3) Farmers in China have long used techniques to make their land produce more. (T)
4) More advanced technical information was brought in from abroad in 1980. (F)
5) It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment. (T)
6) New techniques should increase agricultural production but also be friendly to the environment. (T)
7) Future agriculture should depend on high technology without traditional methods. (F)
8) The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of money and modern techniques. (F)
9) Today fewer vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses where they are protected from the wind, rain and insects. (F)
10) GM tries to create plants that produce more and bigger fruit. (F)
Step 4. Language points
1.It + be + 强调部分+ that (人物可用 who / whom) + 句子其他部分.
The farmers produce food on this arable land for the whole population of China.
It is the farmers who / that produce food on this arable land for the whole population of China.
It is food that the farmers produce on this arable land for the whole population of China.
It is the whole population of China that the farmers produce food on this arable land for.
2.make + 宾语 +do
在主动语态中，使役动词make + 宾语+不带to的不定式作宾补，表示“使某人做某事”。但如果用于被动语态，就需用带to的不定式作主语补足语。
3．depend on依靠；依赖于；指望；取决于
1)Whether I will start or not tomorrow depends on the weather.
2)We can’t depend on our parents forever.
3)He is not a man that you can depend on.
4.Not only … but also …连接两个分句时，第一个分句要倒装。
e.g. Not only did the teachers take part in the English party, but also they sang songs at the party.
老师们不仅参加了英语晚会，而且还在晚会上唱了歌。
5．not…but …不是……而是……
What they saw are not cows but sheep.
6.no matter how 引导让步状语从句。意为“不管怎么样”
1) No matter how cold it is, she always goes swimming.
2) No matter how hard he works,he can’t catch up with me.
No matter 后面可接其他疑问词what,where,when,who等，一般认为“no matter+疑问词”结构只能作状语，“疑问词+ever” 结构除作状语外，还作其他成分。
1)Whatever you say,I won’t listen.
2)Wherever he goes,he is welcome.
6．be different from与……不同
A solid is different from a liquid.
7.in other words换言之;in a word总之;have a word with跟……交谈;have words with跟……争吵。
eg. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard--- _____ , you failed.
A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time
Step 4. Post-reading
1. Finish the following passage according to what we learned today.
With the development of modern agriculture, farmers are realizing more and more the importance of protecting nature. Since the early 1990s, scientists have been trying to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production and protect the environment at the same time. Some chemicals can help to produce better crops but are very harmful to our environment. Some have a very good effect on removing weeds but they damage crops at the same time. So new techniques should not only help increase production but also be friendly to the environment. We should depend on high technology and traditional methods as well to develop our agriculture because food production and taking care of the environment are of the same importance.
Step 5. Discussion
Exercise 1.and 2 in Post-reading.
The four period Grammar
Step One: Revision
Let the students retell the reading passage.
Step Two: Word Study
As we all know, word formation is a useful tool in learning English. It can help us enlarge our vocabulary. We can get a noun by adding some suffixes to a verb, for example, form-formation. Now let’s do the following exercise. Complete the following chart and choose one word to complete each of the sentences below.
Step Three: Grammar
Read the instructions: the use of “ it ” (2) for emphasis to the students and make sure they will understand it very well.
1. Rewrite these sentences, emphasizing the underlined parts.
2. Rewrite the sentences below, emphasizing as many parts as possible.
The teacher will do the first one and then the students will do the others in pairs. They can have a short discuss if possible. After that revise the answers together.
Step Four Practice
There are some other useful sentence patterns for you. Please do the exercises.
A.1. It was reported ( 据报道 ) that dozens of children died in the accident.
2. It’s a pity ( 真遗憾 ) that he can’t swim at his age.
3. It is likely ( 很可能 ) that they will beat us tonight.
4. It seems ( 看来 ) that he enjoys pop songs very much.
5. It is still a question ( 还是一个问题 ) when we shall have our sports meet.
6. It is uncertain ( 还不确定 ) whether he can attend this conference or not.
7. It doesn’t matter ( 不要紧、没关系 ) whether we go together or separately.
8. It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not ( 决定是否接受这项工作 ) .
9. It is important for us to learn English ( 我们学英语 ) .
10. It is kind of you to help me ( 你帮助我 ) .
11. It took me five days to solve the problem ( 解决这问题 ).
12. It’s no use arguing with her ( 与她争论 ) .
B.1.It is has been three years ( 已经有三年了 )since his father passed away.
2.It was not long before ( 不久 ) the police arrived.
3.It was already 8 o’clock ( 已经8点了) when we got home.
4.It is high time that ( 该……) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.
5.It is the first time that ( 这是第一次 ) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
6.It is time for us ( 我们该……) to go to school.
The fifth Period Integrating Skills
Step One: Lead-in:
1. Have you heard the name Jia SiXie before?
2.What was he famous for?
3.What was the great (work) book he wrote?.
4. Do you know what it was about?
5. Where was Jia Sixie born and when did he live?
Yidu, Shandong Province; In Northern Wei Dynasty
Step Two:Reading
Ask the students to read the passage and answer.
1. What advice did Qiminyaoshu include?
2. What should you do as a farmer?
3. What must be done before sowing or planting crops?
4. Why did Jia Sixie let sheep or cows walk on the land?
5. What should we do if we want reach the best harvest?
6. Should wheat planted close together or with space?
Step three:Language points:
1. spend time on something/doing something.
2. go against nature=do things that are the opposite of the natural way.
3. do things at the wrong time of year=do things at a time of year when the weather conditions are unsuitable.
4. year after year=every year.
KEYS TO SOME EXERCISES：
Ⅴ.Choose the right answers:
1-5 BCADA 6-10 BAB AC 11-15BDBBA 16-20 C BBCC
Ⅵ. Error collected.
1.work→working 2.where→that 3.what→how 4.varieties→variety 5.abroad前加from 6. included→including 7.no one→none 8.wearing→to wear 9. no matter what→whatever 10.me 前加to
Ⅶ.Translation
1.For thousands of years traditional agriculture in China didn’t change very much.
2.New techniques should not only increase agriculture production but also be friendly to the environment.
3.No matter how bad the weather is, we’ll have to finish the job.
4. The biggest problem of the children in mountain villages is the shortage of textbooks.
5.Import of machines and technology has helped Chinese farmers improve their production.
Ⅷ.Writing
Unit19 Modern agriculture 预习材料
Ⅰ. Read the passage and answer some questions:
Questions:
1). How much does arable land take up in China?
2). How many ways are mentioned to make the land produce more? What are they?
3). What does new techniques mean?
4). When did scientist start to develop new techniques?
5). How many unusual ways are mentioned to deal with the shortage of arable land?
II. “T” or “F”:
1)For thousands of years traditional agriculture in China changed very much.
2)In China, only seven percent of the land cannot be used for farming.
3)Farmers in China have long used techniques to make their land produce more.
4)More advanced technical information was brought in from abroad in 1980.
5)It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.
6)New techniques should increase agricultural production but also be friendly to the environment.
7)Future agriculture should depend on high technology without traditional methods.
8)The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of money and modern techniques.
9)Today fewer vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses where they are protected from the wind, rain and insects.
10)GM tries to create plants that produce more and bigger fruit.
Ⅲ.Finish the following passage according to what we learned today.
With the development of ____agriculture, farmers are realizing more and more the importance of protecting nature. Since the early 1990s, scientists have been trying to develop new techniques to____ agricultural production and _____ the environment at the same time. Some chemicals can help to ____ better crops but are very ____to our environment. Some have a very good ____ on removing weeds but they damage crops at the same time. So new techniques should not only help____ production but also be ____ to the environment. We should ____ on high technology and traditional methods as well to develop our agriculture because food production and taking care of the environment are of the same _____
Ⅳ.Translation
A.1._____ ( 据报道 ) that dozens of children died in the accident.
2._____ ( 真遗憾 ) that he can’t swim at his age.
3. _____ ( 很可能 ) that they will beat us tonight.
4. ______ ( 看来 ) that he enjoys pop songs very much.
5.______ ( 还是一个问题 ) when we shall have our sports meet.
6.______ ( 还不确定 ) whether he can attend this conference or not.
7. ______ ( 不要紧、没关系 ) whether we go together or separately.
8. It is up to you_______ ( 决定是否接受这项工作 ) .
9. It is important _____ ( 我们学英语 ) .
10. It is kind _______ ( 你帮助我 ) .
11. It took me five days______ ( 解决这问题 ).
12. It’s no use______ ( 与她争论 ) .
B.1. ______ ( 已经有三年了 )since his father passed away.
2. _______ ( 不久 ) the police arrived.
3. _______ ( 已经8点了) when we got home.
4. _______ ( 该……) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.
5. _______ ( 这是第一次 ) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
6. ________ ( 我们该……) to go to school.
Ⅴ. Choose the right answers:
1. ---- Will you go skating with me this winter vacation?
---- It ______.
A. all depend B. all depends C. is all depends D. is all depending
2.---- Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
---- I_____, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
3. _____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
4. ---- I don't like chicken _____ fish.
---- I don't like chicken, _____ I like fish very much.
A. and; and B. and; but C. or; and D. or; but
5. The student entered the office without _______.
A. being asked B. asking C. ask D. to be asked
6. ______ in Taiwan but also in Hong Kong.
A. He is not only famous B. He is famous not only
C. Not only he is famous D. Not is he famous only
7. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
8. ---- Hey, look where you are going!
---- Oh, I'm terribly sorry. _______
A. I'm not noticing B.I wasn't noticing C.I haven't noticed D.I don't notice
9. I hate _____ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET 98)
A. it B. that C. these D. them
10. You may give the film ticket to _____ you think needs it.
A. no matter who B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter whom
11. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_______ it more difficult．（NMET ）
A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make
12. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
13. When he retires, Professor Smith _____ here over thirty years, but his classes are never boring.
A. has taught B. will have taught C. will teach D. teaches
14. -- What made her mother so angry?
-- ____ the exam.
A. Because she didn't pass B. Her not passing
C. She didn't D. Because her not passing
15．_____ late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm．（NMET ）
A．To sleep B．Sleeping C．Sleep D．Having slept
16. It was for this reason _____ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A. which B. why C. that D. how
17. Paul doesn’t have to be made _____ .He always works hard.
A .learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
18. It was not _____ she took off her dark glasses _______ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
19.Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard--- _____ ,you failed.
A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time
20.____ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
A .Brave enough students B. enough Brave students
C .Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
Ⅵ.Error collected.
1. Although it started raining, they kept on work in the fields.
2. It is on this arable land where the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.
3. The temperature is controlled with computers no matter what the weather is outside.
4. A varieties of GM water melon will be seedless.
5. More advanced technical information was brought in abroad.
6. All of us, included our head teacher, paid a visit to the museum.
7. No one of us knew when to start.
8. The girl students in our school are not allowed wearing high-heel shoes.
9. I don’t believe no matter what he says.
10. He explained me how to learn computer.
Ⅶ. Translation
1.几千年里中国的传统农业没有发生改变。
2.新的技术不仅应该增加农业产量而且对环境要友好。
3.不管天气多糟，我们也得完成工作。
4.山村孩子们最大的问题是缺少教科书。
5.进口的机器和技术已经帮助中国农民提高了他们的产量。
Ⅷ.Writing
篇6：Unit19 单词，短语
1．merchant
n. 商人，国际贸易批发商
a fruit merchant 水果商
2．uneasy
adj. 不安的; 焦虑的, 担心的
uneasy manners feel uneasy about the future
拘束不安的态度 担心将来
3．crown
n. 王冠, 王位, 冕
take the crown wear the crown
加冕[登基]为王; 获冠军称号 做皇帝, 即位
4．deny
vt. 否认, 否定; 拒绝给予
deny a statement deny one's signature
否认声明 不承认自己的签名
She can deny her son nothing. 她对儿子是百依百顺(要什么就给什么)。
5．pay back
报复 (= pay off, pay out, serve out)
I'll certainly pay you back for what you did to me!
“你那样对待我,我一定要回敬你的!”
偿还；偿付
How can I pay you back for all your kindness?
你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢?
6．masterpiece
n. 杰作
scenic masterpiece Dafench's paintings are masterpieces.
绝景 达芬奇的画都是杰作。
7．mercy
n. 仁慈, 怜悯, 宽恕
at the mercy of
在...的掌握之中, 完全受...支配, 任...摆布
have mercy on [upon] show mercy to sb.
对...有怜悯心 对某人表示宽大[仁慈]
without mercy
残忍地, 毫不留情地
8．revenge
n. 报复；报仇
do sth. in [out of] revenge (for sth.)
(为...)报复性地[出于报复]做某事
vt. 替...报仇; 报复; 洗雪
revenge one's friend revenge a wrong revenge an injustice
替朋友报仇 申冤雪恨 对不正义采取报复
I broke Mary's pen by accident, and in revenge she tore up my school work.
我不留心弄坏了玛丽的钢笔，出于报复，她撕掉了我的作业。
9．enemy
n. 敌人, 仇敌[人]; [集合词]敌兵[军]
a public enemy a lifelong [mortal, sworn] enemy
公敌; (公众协助缉拿的)要犯 不共戴天之敌, 死敌
Don't make an enemy of him.
不要使他与你为敌。
10．go about
走来走去, 四处走动；着手或忙于(工作)；(谣言等)流传
11．as far as I know 就我所知
As far as I know, he has gone to town.
就我所知，他到镇子上去了。
12．reasonable
adj. 合情合理的, 有道理的；通人情的, 通情达理的, 讲道理的；
明智的, 有理性的; 能思考的
a reasonable excuse be reasonable in one's demand
合理的借口 合理的要求
a reasonable man a reasonable being
通情达理的人 有理智的人
13．weakness
n. 弱 点； 软弱
We all have our little weaknesses.
我们大家都有些小短处。
have a weakness for
偏爱..., 特别爱好...
He has a weakness for detective stories.
他特别爱看侦探小说。
14．greeting
n. 问候；致意 祝贺；祝辞
to offer greetings to sb. 向某人致意
Christmas greetings 圣诞节的祝贺
15． envy
n. 羡慕; 忌妒; 忌妒的根由[对象]; 被羡慕的人[东西]
be in envy of sb.'s success out of envy
羡慕某人的成功 出于忌妒[羡慕]
green with envy lost in envy
妒忌得面色发青, 非常妒忌 非常嫉妒
vt. 羡慕; 忌妒
How I envy you! 我真羡慕您
16．accuse
vt. accused, accusing 控告；指控
accuse sb. of ...
指控某人...
The police accused him of murder. The police accused him of stealing.
警方指控他谋杀。 警方控告他犯有盗窃罪。
Mary was accused as an accomplice. 玛丽被指控为同谋犯。
17．fate
n. 命运；宿命
When they met again after ten years, they left that fate brought them together.
当他们后又见面时，他们让命运使他们到了一块儿。
“He expected to spend his life in Germany, but fate had decided otherwise.”
“他希望到德国生活,而命运却偏偏另有安排。”
vt. [常用被动语态]命定, 注定
It was fated that we should success.
我们注定要成功。
18．consequence
n. 结果， 后果；影响；重要（性）； 重大意义
consider the consequences a person of consequence as a consequence
考虑后果 举足轻重的人 因而， 结果
answer for the consequences face the consequences of one's action
对后果负责 自食其果
in consequence in consequence of...
因此， 结果 的结果， 因为...的缘故， 由于
19．fortune
n. 命运；运气；机会
She had the good fortune to be free from illness.
她运气好，没得病。
Through all his changing fortunes, he never lost courage.
任凭命运变换，他从不丧失勇气。
财产，财富
He made a fortune by selling houses.
他靠卖房子发了财。
be in good /bad fortune by good fortune
运气好[坏] 幸好, 由于幸运
come into a fortune have a fortune
继承一大笔财产 有财产
have good/ bad fortune seek one's fortune
运气好[坏] 找出路
have the fortune to do if fortune favours
幸而...(做)... 如果运气好
make a / one's fortune push one's fortune
发财致富 追求名利,努力抬高自己的地位;力图发迹
read/ tell sb.'s fortune run a fortune
给某人算命 冒风险
20．merciful
adj. 仁慈的, 宽大的，慈悲的,温和的; 顺利的;
The merciful king saved the young officers from death.
仁慈的国王把两个年青的军官从死神手中救了出来。
21．bargain
n. 交易，合同交易；协议
A bargain's a bargain.
达成的协议决不可撕毁。
He made a bargain with his wife 'You take care of the children and I'll cook.'
他跟妻子讲条件'你看好孩子,我做饭。'
廉价买到的东西
This jacket is a real bargain at such a low price.
这件夹克衫这么便宜,真划得来。
It's a real bargain.(非正式)
真便宜。
vi. （常与with, for连用）讲价；谈条件
If you bargain with them they might reduce the price.
你讲讲价,他们可能会把价钱降低。
22．bless
vt. blessed 或 blest, blessing 祝福；祈祷
Bless this house! Well, bless my soul! Bless me!
愿上帝保佑这个家！ 好啦，谢天谢地！ 哎呀!;我的天哪
Bless you! be blessed with
太谢谢你了! 愿上帝保佑你! 在...方面有福气; 幸运地享有
bless oneself
自祝; 非常高兴，惊骇，突然叫喊“上帝保佑我“等类的话
23．legal
adj. 法律的, 法定的
legal affairs legal adviser take a legal action
法律事务 法律顾问 提起诉讼
a legal holiday legal person
法定假日 法人
24．tear up
撕扯；撕裂；撕破；撕毁
to tear up the letter
撕毁一封信
24．deed
n. 行动；所做的事
His deeds does not agree with his words
他言行不一。
evil deeds deed of light deed of release
坏行为 善行; 光明之事 私产契约
in deed 实际上; 真的; 不只是口头上的
25．requirement
n. 必需品；必要条件
If you have any requirements, ask me.
如果你有什么要求，请向我提出来。
fulfil the requirements of the government
履行政府的规定
26．declare
vt. 宣布, 宣告, 声称
declare war declare peace declare sb. (to be) innocent
宣战 宣布和平宣布某人无罪
（常与that连用）声称；郑重地说；断言
She declared that she didn't want to see him again.
她宣称她再也不愿见到他
27．court
n. 法庭［院］
a civil court a criminal court
民事法庭 刑事法庭
the International C-of Justice go to court
国际法院 上朝， 朝见君主； 上法院； 打官司
28．justice
n. 公平, 正义, 公道
a sense of justice deny sb. Justice social justice a court of justice
正义感 对某人不公平社会正义 法院
29．therefore
adv. 因此, 所以
He was ill, and therefore could not come.
他病了, 所以未能来。
We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.
我们的钱不够,因此买不成这辆新车。
（用于推论）因而，因此
He was the only candidate; therefore, he was elected.
他是唯一的候选人，因此，他当选了。
30．worthy
adj. [常作表语, 其后常跟被动语态动词不定式或of加名词或被动态动名词] 值得...的; 应该...的
a worthy cause 正义的事业
a worthy life a worthy man
有价值的生活 高尚的人
a worthy opponent a worthy gentleman
劲敌 可敬的先生
They will prove worthy of the Party's trust.
他们不会辜负党对他们的信任。
He is worthy to have a place in the team. This book is worthy of being read [to be read].
他配成为该球队的队员。 这本书值得一读。
31．kindness
n. 仁慈；亲切；和蔼
do sb. a kindness kill with kindness out of kindness
帮某人的忙; 为某人做好事 以溺爱害人 出于仁慈, 出于好意
He has done me many kindnesses. Thank you for all your kindness.
他对我很关心。 感谢你的帮助。
32．punish
vt. 惩罚, 处分
punish sb. for his crime punish sb. with [by] death
处罚某人 处某人以死刑
The boy was punished for being late.
这男孩因迟到受到处分。
punishment
n. 处罚；惩罚
The boy accepted his punishment without complaining.
那男孩没有怨言地接受了对他的处罚。
33．order
vt. 命令；指挥
They ordered him to stop.
他们命令他停下。
The general director of the project ordered that the work (should) be started at once.
工程总指挥命令立即开始工作。
下令
to order an attack 下令进攻
34．complex
adj. 复杂的， 多元的， 综合的， 错综的
a complex idea
一个复杂的观念
complex sentence
【语】复合句
篇7：Unit19 Mainly revision
【重点、难点概览】
一、词汇与短语：
thousand, so far, send up, with one’ s help, man- made, enjoyable, develop.
二、句型与日常交际用语：
复习U15～U18单元的句型与日常交际用语。
三、语法：
复习U15～U18单元的语法
(1)宾语从句(2)被动语态
核心知识
1．When we talk about the universe, we mean the earth, the sun…
当我们谈宇宙时，我们指的是地球，太阳……
mean：v，指的是“意谓”。
e．g：What do you mean?你指的是什么?
2．so far：到目前为止；至今= by now/up to now.
So far we have learn 1000 words. 常用于现在完成时。
3．Man - made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
许多国家已向太空发射了人造卫星。
man-made合成形容词人造的。
(1)send up：发射。
e．g：China has sent up many man- made satellite. 中国已发射了许多人造卫星。
(2)send for：派人去请
e．g：He’ s ill．You’ d better send for a doctor at once.
他病了，你最好马上派人请个大夫。
(3) send away. 开除Tom was sent away because he was alway late for work.
汤姆被开除了，因为他总是迟到。
4．With their help China can send its TV and radio programmes…在他们的帮助下，中国可以……
with one’ s help = with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下。
e．g：With the teacher’ s help, I’ ve made great progress. 在老师的帮助下，我取得了巨大进步。
或 With the help of the teacher．I’ ve made great progress.
它的反义词是with out one’ s help. 没有某人的帮助。
e．g：I can’ t finish the work in time without your help. 没有你的帮助，我不能按时完成工作。
5．She heard a very interesting programme on the radio.
她从收音机里听到一个非常有趣的节目。
on：表“通过”，还有“在……之上，关于，继续”等含义。There is a cup on the table. 桌上有个杯子。
e. g：I have a book on computer. 我有一本关于计算机的书。
We can learn English on the radio. 我们可以通过广播学英语。
Go on this street till you see the cinema. 沿街往前走直到你看见电影院。
【有关”Unit 19 Mainly revision" 的教学设计】
教学设计1. Mainly Revision
学习目标：
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
thousand , satellite , universe , man - made , space , spaceship , programme = program, knowledge , develop, enjoyable , channel , so far , send up , with one' help
Ⅱ. 句型结构
How many kilometres by train is it from Nanjing to Wuhan ?
How far away is Sydney from Beijing ?
Satellites are used by people for sending and receiving messages .
Which channel is the programme on ?
Ⅲ . 语法学习
1. 一般现在时，一般过去时及含有情态动词的被动语态。
2. 简单构词法：合成法，派生法。
教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
篇8：Unit19 Food & drink
Lesson 76
Teaching Aims:
1. Knowledge:
1) some useful expressions : I want some rice, fish. Would you like something to drink?
I like …. I don’t like …. I have breakfast/ lunch/ supper at home. We have fish ….
2) new words: exercise, madam, dear, ice cream, USA, different, vegetable, sometimes
2. Ability:
1) Scan a text to locate specific information
2) Listen for specific information.
3) Use sentence stress to express his/ her tention.
Approaches:
1. Inductive method
2. Communicative method
3. Task-based method
Aids: cassette, computer, paper
TEACHING PROCEDURE:
I Pre-task preparation:
Step1. Usual Greeting
T: Hello, boys and girls. Who is on duty today?
T: Could you help me? What day is today?
T: And what is the date?
T: Thank you. And what time is it now?
T: Yeah. It’s time for our class.
Step2. Look ask and say
T: Look at the screen. Here is a picture of a full table of food and drinks. What food and drinks can you see?
T: how many bottle of water/ pieces of bread/ glasses of milk/ bottles of juice can you see in the picture? → I can see / There is/ are …
T: How many cups of tea/ cakes/ bananas are there in the picture? → I cannot see any. There aren’t any.
( Call eight or nine Ss to answer these questions. )
II While- task procedure:
Step3. Preparation for the food festival.
T: Suppose there are going to hold a food festival, and your supermarket will take part in it. And you should make a survey about the customer’s favorite food and drinks to prepare for the food festival. So make a survey and list out the customers’ favorite food and drinks.
( Call several students to have a report of the results. )
T: As the manager of the supermarket, you want to know what food and drinks you have got and how many of them you have got. Ask questions like this to your workers:
How many bottles of orange juice/ ________________ are there?
→ There are _________________
( Call several Ss to have a report of their preparation of food and drinks. )
III Post- task
Step 4. group work ( the food festival ).
T: Now the festival begins. Show your food models.
T: yeah. Here are some food shops and drink shops. Each of you have a place to show your food and drinks.
***
T: oo..There are so many kinds of food here. Now the rest Ss can buy the things you want in the shop.
***
T: Now tell me what you’ve bought and what you’ve tasted.
( Call several Ss to have a report. )
Homework:
1. Finish off the workbook A L75 and the according exercises.
篇9：高二下物理试题
高二物理下试题第I卷(选择题共40分)
本部分共10小题，每小题4分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、有一束正离子，以相同速率从同一位置进入带电平行板电容器的匀强电场中，所有离子运动轨迹一样，说明所有离子
A.具有相同质量 B.具有相同电荷量
C.属于同一元素的同位素D.具有相同的比荷
2、如图1所示，物体自倾角为、长为L的斜面顶端由静止滑下，到斜面底端时与固定挡板发生碰撞，设碰撞时无机械能损失.碰后物体又沿斜面上升，若到最后停止时，物体滑过的总路程为s，则物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数为()
A. B. C. D.
3、如图2所示，在静止的木箱内用细绳b、c系住一个小球d，细绳b水平，细绳c与竖直方向成角。当系统静止不动时，两细绳的拉力分别为Tb、Tc，当木箱沿细绳c向右上方加速运动时，两根细绳中的拉力变化情况是()
A.Tb减小，Tc增大B.Tb不变，Tc增大
C.Tb减小，Tc不变D.Tb和Tc都增大
4、如图3所示电路，开始时K处于断开状态，A1、A2、V1、V2示数分别为I1、I2、U1、U2，现将K闭合，下列对各表读数的变化情况判断正确的是()
A.U1减小 B.U2增大
C.I1增大 D.I2增大
5、为保证用户电压稳定在220V，变电所需适时进行调压，图4为变压器示意图。保持输入电压 不变，当滑动接头P上下移动时可改变输出电压。某此检测得到用户电压 随时间t变化的曲线如图5所示。以下正确的是()
A.
B.
C.为使用户电压稳定在220V，应将P适当下移
D.为使用户电压稳定在220V，应将P适当上移
6、6月9日下午，嫦娥二号卫星正式飞离月球，其目的地是距离地球150万公里以外的日地拉格朗日L2点，如图6所示。拉格朗日L2点在空间上有这样一个特点：它们绕太阳做周期性运动，但与地球和太阳之间的相对位置关系是保持不变的。利用L2可以保持背向太阳和地球、跟太阳和地球的相对固定的位置优势，可以安排天文望远镜和类似的观测设备，易于保护和校准。结合以上材料，请判定当嫦娥
二号卫星处在L2点上时的相关说法正确的是()
A.与地球具有相同的公转周期
B.公转线速度比地球的小
C.向心加速度比地球的小
D.设L2点到太阳的距离为R1，地球到太阳的距离为
R2，周期分别为T1、T2，则
7、如图7所示，足够长的两条平行金属导轨竖直放置，其间有与导轨平面垂直的匀强磁场，两导轨通过导线与电流表A1、线圈M接在一起。N是绕在□形铁芯上的另一线圈，它与电流表A2组成闭合回路。现有一金属棒ab由静止释放，沿导轨下滑，下滑过程中与导轨接
触良好，在ab下滑的过程中()
A.通过电流表A1的电流是从左端流入的
B.通过电流表A2的电流是从左端流入的
C.电流表A1的示数逐渐增大
D.电流表A2的示数逐渐增大
8、如图8所示，分别为mA、mB的A、B两物块用轻线连接放在倾角为的斜面上，用始终平行于斜面向上的恒定拉力F拉A，使A、B沿斜面向上一起做匀加速运动，A、B与斜面的'动摩擦因数均为，为了增大细线上的张力，下列办法可行的是()
A.仅增大A的质量mA
B.仅增大B的质量mB
C.仅增大斜面倾角(F仍平行于斜面)
D.仅增大动摩擦因数
9、加速电场和偏转磁场是质谱仪的两大重要组成部分。如图9为质谱仪的原理简图，设想有一个静止的质量为m、带电量为q的粒子(不计重力)，经电压为U的加速电场加速后垂直进入磁感应强度为B的偏转磁场中，带电粒子打至底片上的P点，设OP=x，则在图10中能正确反映x与U之间函数关系的是()
10、当电流垂直于外磁场通过导体时，在导体的垂直于磁场和电流方向的两个端面之间会出现电势差，这一现象便是霍尔效应，这个电
势差也被叫做霍尔电压。科学技术中常常利用
霍尔效应测定磁场的磁感应强度。如图11所示
为一金属导体，规格已在图中标出，若已知通
过导体的电流为I，电压表示数为U，电子的电
荷量为e，则被测匀强磁场(磁场方向垂直于
前后表面)的磁感应强度大小为(已知电流的
微观表达式为I=nsvq，其中n为导体单位体积
内的自由电荷数，s为导体的截面积，v为电荷
定向移动的速率，q为电荷的带电量)()
A. B. C. D.
第II卷(非选择题，共60分)
11、(4分)某物理兴趣小组在探究平抛运动规律时用频闪相机记录了一个小球在做平抛运动过程中的连续的四个位置，已知背景方格纸的边长为a，频闪相机的闪光频率为f。则该小球平抛的初速度v0=，当地的重力加速度g=。
12、(12分)某同学要探究一种新材料制成的均匀圆柱体的电阻率，步骤如下：
(1)用20分度游标卡尺测量其长度如下左图，由图可知其长度L=mm;
(2)用螺旋测微器测量其直径如右上图，由图可知其直径d=mm;
(3)用多用电表的欧姆档(倍率为10档)，
按正确的操作步骤粗测此圆柱体的电阻，表盘的
示数如图所示，则该电阻的阻值约为
(4)该同学想用伏安法更精确地测量其电阻R，现有的器材及其代号和规格如下：
电流表A1(量程0～100mA，内阻约25)
电流表A2(量程0～30mA，内阻约100)
电压表V1(量程0～3V，内阻约10K)
电压表V2(量程0～15V，内阻约25K)
滑动变阻器R1(阻值范围0～15，允许通过的最大电流2.0A)
滑动变阻器R2(阻值范围0～75，允许通过的最大电流2.0A)
直流电源E(电动势4V，内阻不计)
开关S，导线若干
为使实验误差较小，要求测得多组数据进行分析，请在框中补全测量的电路图，并标明所用器材的代号。
(5)若该同学用上述电路图测的R的阻值与多用电表的测量值几乎相等，由此可估算此圆柱体材料的电阻率约为=(结果保留两位有效数字)
13、(10分)举重运动是力量和技巧充分结合的体育项目，就抓举而言，其技术动作可分为预备、提杠发力、下蹲支撑、起立、放下杠铃等动作，如图所示表示了其中的几个状态。在提杠发力阶段，运动员对杠铃施加恒力作用，使杠铃竖直向上加速运动;下蹲支撑阶段，运动员不再用力，杠铃继续向上运动，当运动员处于下蹲支撑处时，杠铃的速度恰好为零。
(1)为了研究方便，可将提杠发力、下蹲支撑两个动作简化为较为简单的运动过程来处理，请定性画出相应的速度时间图像。
(2)已知运动员从开始提杠发力到下蹲支撑处的整个过程历时0.8s，杠铃总共升高0.6m，求杠铃获得的最大速度。
(3)若杠铃的质量为150kg，求运动员提杠发力时对杠铃施加的作用力大小。
14、(10分)离心轨道是研究机械能守恒和向心力效果的一套较好的器材(如图甲所示)。某课外研究小组将一个压力传感器安装在轨道最低点B处，他们把一个钢球从轨道上的不同高处由静止释放，得到了多组压力传感器示数F和对应的释放点的高度h，并作出了一个F-h图像(如图乙所示)。根据图中所给信息，回答下列问题(不计各处摩擦)：
(1)F-h图像中纵轴截距的物理意义是什么?
(2)该研究小组用的离心轨道圆周部分的半径是多少?
(3)当h=0.6m时，小球到达圆周上最高点C点时轨道对小球的压力是多大?
15、(12分)如图所示，在第二象限内有水平向右的匀强电场，在第一、第四象限内分别存在匀强磁场，磁感应强度大小相等，方向如图所示;现有一个带电粒子在该平面内从x轴上的P点，以垂直于x轴的初速度v0进入匀强电场，恰好经过y轴上的Q点且与y轴成45o角射出电场，再经过一段时间又恰好垂直于x轴进入下面的磁场。已知OP之间的距离为d，不计粒子的重力。求：
(1)Q点的坐标;
(2)带电粒子自进入电场至在磁场中第二次经过x轴的时间。
16、(12分)一个金属电阻R的阻值在一定范围内随温度呈线性变化，如图甲所示。将该电阻接入如图乙所示电路，图中R0为定值电阻，C为电容器，极板长度为 ，极板间距为 ，极板的右侧距极板L处有一荧光屏。现让一束电子(质量为m，电量为e)以速度平行于极板沿中线进入电容器，若所有电子均能从右侧穿出，则当R的温度在 之间变化时，电子束在荧光屏上扫描的范围如何?(电源电动势为E，内阻不计)
篇10：高二下unit14
§2.1 词句贯通
1.prison n.监狱
The murderer went to prison last week.
那个杀人犯上周进了监狱。
The criminal’s wife went to the prison to visit her husband.
那个犯人的妻子去监狱探望了她的丈夫。
He is in prison now.That’s why we haven’t seen him for months.
他在坐牢，所以我们好几个月没见到他了。
It was reported that four men escaped from prison yesterday.
据报道，昨天四个人越狱逃跑了。
put…into prison把……投进监狱
The police arrested many people and later put them into prison.
警察逮捕了很多人，之后把他们关进了监狱。
He broke the law,and therefore was put into prison.
他违反了法律，所以被关进了监牢。
2.forbid vt.禁止，不让
forbid sb.to do sth.“禁止某人做某事”
I forbid you to stay out after midnight.
我禁止你半夜后仍待在外面。
It was useless to forbid children to play in the park.
禁止孩子在公园里玩是没用的。
“May I use your car?” “No,I forbid you to.”
“我可以用你的车吗？”“不可以，我不让你用。”
forbid sth./doing sth.“禁止（做）某事”，常用于被动语态。
Her father forbade their marriage.
她父亲禁止了他们的婚姻。
Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall.
这个音乐大厅禁止吸烟。
Walking on this grass is forbidden.
禁止在这块草地上走动。
3.soul n.灵魂；精神；气魄
Do you believe in the immortality of the soul?
你们相信灵魂不灭吗？
We prayed for the souls of the dead.
我们为死者的灵魂祈祷。
She puts her whole soul into her work.
她全心投入她的工作。
He put his heart and soul into the painting.
他全心全意地画那幅画。
keep body and soul together维持生活，糊口
He really doesn’t earn enough to keep body and soul together.
他挣不够足够的钱维持生活。
4.march vi.行进；行军；进展
The troops marched along the street.
军队行进在大街上。
The mayor marched at the head of the parade.
市长走在游行队伍的前头。
She marched upstairs without saying a word.
她一言不发，快步走上楼去。
The soldiers have marched 30 miles today.
那些士兵今天已经行军30英里。
march on前进，行进
I saw a group of soldiers marching on toward that mountain.
我看到一队士兵向那座山里进发了。
n.游行；行进；行军
The students will have a march after the match.
比赛结束后，学生们要举行游行活动。
They reached the camp after three days’ march.
行进了三天后，他们到达了营地。
on the march在行进中，在进行中，在进展中
The soldiers are on the march.
那些士兵在行进中。
Civilization is on the march.
文明在发展中。
5.separation n.分离，隔离
His separation from his family made him very sad.
与家人的离别使他很伤心。
She couldn’t bear the thought of separation from her children.
想到要与孩子分离，她就忍受不了。
They were pleased to meet after such a long separation.
久别重逢令他们很高兴。
We are together again after a separation of three years.
离别三年后，我们又在一起了。
separate vt.分离，隔离
Separate those two boys who are fighting.
把那两个打架的孩子分开。
This river separates England and Scotland.
这条河把英格兰与苏格兰隔开了。
separate…from…将……与……分开
England is separated from France by the English Channel.
英吉利海峡将英国与法国分开了。
Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.
请把好苹果与坏苹果分开。
separate常用于被动语态，表示“与某人分手、离婚、失散。如：
Were you separated from your wife?
你和你妻子离婚了吗？
They got separated in the crowd.
他们在人群中失散了。
6.vote n.选举，投票，选举权
The captain of the team was elected by the vote of the members.
队长由队员投票选出。
A vote on this matter will be taken at the end of the discussion.
这件事讨论到最后就进行表决。
His motion came to the vote.
他的动议被提交表决。
There are still countries in the world where women do not have the vote.
世界上仍有一些国家的妇女没有选举权。
The law was passed by 205 votes to 112.
这项法律以205票对112票通过。
vote v.选举，投票
In those days women couldn’t vote.
那时候妇女无权投票。
vote on sth.就……投票表决
Now we will vote on this question.
现在我们对这个问题投票表决。
vote for/against…投票赞成/反对……
Most of the Republic Party voted for the measure.
大多数共和党议员对那些措施投了赞成票。
He voted against the plan.
他对该计划投了反对票。
vote to do sth.投票去做……
We voted to accept the proposal.
我们投票决定接受这项提案。
vote that…投票决定……(that从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可省略)
The committee voted that the game should be put off.
委员会投票决定比赛延期。
7.demand vt.要求，请求；查问
I demanded a clear answer.
我要求一个明确的答复。
The captain came down and demanded to know what was going on.
船长下来查问出什么事了。
He demanded to be told everything.
他要求告诉他一切。
demand后可接that从句，从句中用虚拟语气“（should）+动词原形”。
The head teacher demanded that we (should) clean the blackboard before every class.
班主任要求我们每节课前要擦干净黑板。
They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man.
他们要求给每个成年人选举权。
注：不可说demand sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。
demandvt.需要
This sort of work demands great patience.
这种工作需要很大的耐心。
The work demands your attention without delay!
这项工作要求你立刻关注。
demandn.需要；要求
demand for 对……要求；对……的需要
The workers’demand for higher wages seems reasonable.
工人们要求增加工资似乎是合理的。
Is there much demand/a great demand for teachers in this town?
这个城镇急需教师。
be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
Oil is in great demand these days.
现在对石油的需求很大。
His records are always in demand.
他的唱片总是需求很大。
satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求。
It’s impossible to satisfy everyone’s demands.
满足每个人的需求是不可能的。
8.achieve vt.完成，达到
He achieved his goal.
他达到了他的目标。
She has achieved her ambition to become a writer.
她实现了成为一名作家的抱负。
Success is achieved by hard work.
成功是靠努力获得的。
No one can achieve anything without effort.
没有人能够不努力而有所成就。
I achieved all I hoped to do today.
我已经做完了今天我想做的事。
achievementn.成就，完成，达到，成功
make a scientific achievement取得科学成就
The achievement of success depends on hard work.
成功的获得有赖于努力。
9.arrest vt.逮捕，拘留，扣留
The police arrested the thief last night.
警察昨晚逮捕了那个贼。
He was arrested for robbery.
他因抢劫而被捕。
The policeman arrested the man for carrying a gun.
警察以携带枪支罪逮捕了那个人。
I was arrested that day for speeding.
那天我因开车超速而被扣留。
arrestn.逮捕，拘留，扣留
The arrest of the judge is reported on the front page.
法官被捕的报道刊登在了报纸的头版。
The police made several arrests last week.
上周警察拘捕了几个人。
under arrest被捕，被拘留
You’re under arrest.你被捕了。
I was told that the murderer was under arrest.
有人告诉我，那个杀人犯已经被捕了。
10.sort vt.整理，把……进行分类
While you are sorting your things upstairs,I’ll pack your books.
你整理楼上的东西，我来给你的书打包。
Sort these socks according to their sizes.
请按大小把这些袜子分类。
The boy was sorting the foreign stamps he had collected.
那孩子在整理他收集的外国邮票。
sort out整理好；挑出
She spent a happy afternoon sorting out her coins and cards.
她愉快地过了一个下午，整理她收集的硬币和贺卡。
He sorted out the papers to be thrown away.
他挑出要抛弃的文件。
§2.2 发散思维
1.form vi.形成，构成，出现
A plan began to form in his mind.
一个计划开始在他的脑海里形成。
Steam forms when water boils.
水沸腾时会出现蒸气。
Form vt.养成，培养；组成
Schooling helps to form a child’s character.
学校教育有助于孩子性格的形成。
It’s important to form good habits.
养成良好的习惯很重要。
The Chinese Communist Party was formed in 1921.
中国共产党是19成立的。
They formed a class for beginners last year.
去年他们为初学者组织了一个班级。
formn.表格；形式，形状，外形；（健康）状况，精神，心态
Fill in the form,please.请填一下这张表格。
Ice,snow and steam are three forms of water.
冰、雪和水蒸气是水的三种形态。
A dark form could be seen in the distance.
可以看到远处有个黑影。
be in form状况良好；be out of form状态不佳
If she is in form,she can win the match easily.
如果她状态良好的话，能轻松赢得这场比赛。
Smith is out of form and is unlikely to run in the 100-metre race tomorrow.
史密斯身体状况不佳，明天可能不参加100米的比赛。
in the form of以……形式
Cars pollute the air in the form of waste gas.
汽车以废气的形式污染空气。
Their diet contains a lot of fat in the form of butter,cream and chocolate.
他们的饮食含有大量的脂肪，是以黄油、奶油和巧克力的形式摄入的。
2.judge vt.审判，裁决；判断，断定
He will judge the case.
他将审理这个案子。
A blind man can’t judge colours.
盲人不能辨别颜色。
It’s difficult to judge people’s characters.
人的性格很难判断准。
I can’t judge whether you’re right or wrong.
我不能断定你是对还是错。
judge sb./sth.(to be)…认为某人（某事）……
I judged her to be about thirty years old.
我认为她大约三十岁。
We judged the distance to be about four miles.
我们认为这个距离大约是4英里。
judge…by/from…根据……判断
You can’t judge a book by its cover.
你不能根据封面来判断一本书。
You shouldn’t judge a person by what he wears.
你不能以穿着来判断一个人。
Don’t judge a person from his appearance.
不要以貌取人。
judging by/from…“依……来判断”，通常作独立状语。
Judging from what you said,he must be an expert.
以你说的来看，他定是一位专家。
Judging by his look,he doesn’t think much of our local wine.
从他的表情来看，他并不看好我们当地的酒。
篇11：高二下unit15
§2.1词句贯通
1.every now and then/again不时地
Write me a post card every now and then.
请不时地给我写张明信片。
Every now and then a plane would take off.
不时会有一架飞机起飞。
He only comes to London every now and then.
他只是偶尔来趟伦敦。
Every now and again she wiped her eyes with a handkerchief.
她不时地用手帕擦一擦眼睛。
2.downtown adv.往城里，往市中心
Let’s go downtown this afternoon.
咱们今天下午去闹市区吧。
I went downtown to do some shopping today.
今天我到商业区购物去了。
They moved downtown last year.
他们搬到城里去了。
He lives downtown.他住在市区。
downtown adj.商业区的，闹市区的
He was born in downtown Tianjin.
他生在天津闹市区。
I work in a downtown office.
我在市区的一家公司上班。
The downtown traffic is very bad.
闹市区的交通很差。
3.surrounding n.（常用复数）环境，周围的事物
I’d like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings.
我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。
The hotel stands in picturesque surroundings.
宾馆四周的环境优美如画。
surrounding adj.周围的，附近的
the surrounding country近郊
the surrounding scenery四周的风景
surround v.包围；围绕
be surrounded with/by…被……环绕着
A crowd surrounded him.一群人围着他。
The school was surrounded by/with a fence.
学校四周围着篱笆。
Mystery surrounds the actress’s death.
女演员之死笼罩着神秘的气氛。
4.feast n.(感官、精神等的)享受；盛宴
The flower exhibition was a feast for the eyes.
看花展是件赏心悦目的事。
The classical music is really a feast for the ears.
这首古典乐曲令人大饱耳福。
a wedding feast喜宴
give/make/hold a feast举行宴会，设宴
There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.
天下没有不散的筵席。
The Queen invited them to a feast.
女王邀请他们参加庆宴。
The King made a great feast to his ministers.
国王大宴群臣。
5.dip n.(在江、河、湖、海中)洗澡，游泳
take a dip in the lake在湖里游泳
I will have a dip in the sea.
我要洗个海水浴。
dip v.浸泡，沾水
He dipped the pen into ink.
他把笔浸到墨水里。
The little girl dipped a piece of bread into her soup.
小女孩把一块面包泡到汤里。
dip into把手伸入；浏览，稍加研究
He dipped into his pocket to get his key out.
他把手伸进口袋掏钥匙。
I haven’t read that book carefully.I’ve only dipped into it.
我没有认真读过那本书，只是随便翻阅过。
I have been dipping into ancient history.
我一直在研究古代史。
6.shore n.滨，岸
They kept walking along the shore.
他们一直沿着岸边走。
There was an old house on the shore.
岸上有栋老房子。
They found a ship about 2 miles off the shore.
他们发现在离海岸2英里处有一艘轮船。
off shore在离岸的海里，在离海岸不远处
The boat is two miles off shore.
那艘船在离海岸两英里的海里。
on shore在岸上，在陆上
In the storm,many seamen wished they were on shore.
有暴风雨时，很多水手都希望在岸上。
They went on shore the moment the ship reached the harbor.
轮船一到港口，他们就上了岸。
7.budget n.预算(常与介词for连用)
a family budget家庭预算
the government budget for the coming year
下年度的政府预算
an advertising budget of $8000
八千美元的广告预算
introduce/open the budget提出预算方案
She made a monthly budget for her family.
她为家庭做了每个月的预算。
budget v.编制预算
He budgeted for buying a house.
他为买房子编制预算。
He saves a lot of money by careful budgeting.
他通过精打细算节省了大笔钱。
8.rate 价格；费用；速度；效率
The room rates at the hotel range from $10 to $35 per day.
那家宾馆的房间价格从10美元到35美元不等。
What’s the letter postage rate to foreign countries?
往国外寄信的费用是多少？
The train was going at a rapid rate.
那辆火车高速行驶。
They are walking at the rate of 4 kilometres an hour.
他们以每小时4公里的速度行进。
She can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.
她的阅读速度是每分钟100词。
The birth rate is under control in this country.
这个国家的出生率已得到控制。
The divorce rate is very high in the United States.
美国的离婚率很高。
at any rate无论如何，不管怎样；至少
At any rate I will come.无论如何我都会来。
She didn’t work very hard,but at any rate,she passed the test.
她不很用功，但至少她通过了考试。
at this/that rate如果是这样的话，如果这样继续下去的话
At this rate we won’t be able to buy a house.
照这情形来看，我们可能买不起房子。
9.sight n.情景，景象[C]；目光，视力，视野[U]
The sunset is a beautiful sight.
落日是很美的景象。
What a sad sight!多么悲惨的景象啊!
She has good/poor sight.她视力好(差)。
Keep out of my sight.不要让我看到你。
I watched him until he disappeared from sight in the distance.
我望着他直到他消失在远方。
a/the sight of看到，见到
The crowd waited for a sight of the Queen passing by.
人群等着看王后从这里经过。
The sight of a snake frightened her.
看到蛇把她吓坏了。
10.accommodation n.住处，膳宿(通常用复数形式)；方便，便利(不可数)
Please phone the hotel for accommodations.
请打电话给旅馆订房间。
This hotel has accommodations for 2 000 guests.
这家旅馆有容纳2000名客人的设备。
Can we find accommodations at a hotel for tonight?
我们今晚能找到旅馆住宿吗？
It would be an accommodation to me if you could come.
你若能来，对我而言真是好极了。
§2.2发散思维
1.disappointed adj.失望的，感到失望的
They were disappointed about/with/at/in the results.
他们对结果感到失望。
She was disappointed at not being invited to the wedding.
她由于未获邀请参加婚礼而感到失望。
She was disappointed of her purpose.
她因没有达到目的而感到失望。
I was disappointed that she was not able to come.
她不能来，令我很是失望。
disappointing adj.令人失望的；扫兴的
What disappointing news it is!
多么令人失望的消息!
It was disappointing not to be able to see her.
不能见到她真令人失望。
disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧
The result disappointed me.
结果使我失望。
Her lack of success disappointed Mary.
她未能成功使玛丽很失望。
disappoint vt.使(计划、希望等)落空，受挫，辜负
The accident disappointed our plans.
这次意外事件使我们的计划落空。
disappoint a person’s expectation辜负某人的期望
2.guarantee vt.保证……免受损失或伤害；确保
guarantee sth.保证……
They guarantee this clock for a year.
他们对这个钟表保修一年。
I guarantee the success of the show.
我保证这场表演会成功。
guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.保证某人……
Buying a train ticket doesn’t guarantee you a seat.
买到火车票并不保证你有座位。
They guaranteed their workers regular employment.
他们保证长期雇用他们的工人。
guarantee to do sth.保证做某事
I guarantee to pay off his debt.
我保证付清他的债务。
I guarantee to be here tomorrow.
我保证明天来这里。
guarantee sth.(to be)…保证……是……
The art dealer guaranteed the picture (to be) genuine.
那个工艺品商保证这幅画是真品。
guarantee that…保证……
I guarantee that you will be satisfied with the result.
我保证你会对结果感到满意。
Who can guarantee that he will keep his word?
谁能担保他说话算数？
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