【导语】下面是小编收集整理的高一政治下册第一单元复习教案(共19篇),仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

篇1:高一政治下册第一单元复习教案
教材分析
本框“国际社会的成员:主权国家和国际组织”是对国际社会概况的静态分析。下设三目。第一目“国际社会的构成”是本框的情景导入,从不同角度导入国际社会的主要成员主权国家与国际组织,让学生感悟国际社会的主要成员的有关内容。第二目“主权国家的地位和国家组织的作用”是情景分析,阐述了主权国家的含义,主权国家与地区的区别,主权国家的构成要素,主权国家的多样性,主权国家的权利和义务,国际组织的分类和作用等。
第三目“活跃在联合国舞台的中国”是情景回归,是对主权国家与国际组织有关知识的深化并有机地融入了政治思想教育的内容,引导学生认识中国在国际社会中是负责任的国家。
学生分析
高一年的学生对时事有较浓厚的兴趣,也具备了搜集材料的能力。结合本框的内容应充分发挥其优点。
教学目标
【知识目标】
知道当代国际社会主要由主权国家和国际组织构成;了解主权国家的构成要素以及其权利和义务;懂得国际组织的内容和作用。
【能力目标】
提高运用马克思主义立场、观点和方法分析和判断国际社会政治现象的能力;培养自主学习、探索有关国际社会中的主权国家、国际组织、中国在国际社会中的活动等知识的能力。
【情感、态度、价值观目标】
关心祖国在国际社会的地位和命运,增强民族的自信心;关注国际社会的发展,树立做负责任大国的心态;培养合作学习,团结友好的精神。
教学重点与难点
重点:主权国家的权利和义务。
难点:国家主权是国家的生命和灵魂
教学方式
谈话、讨论合作与讲授法相结合。
教学用具
传统教学工具(黑板、粉笔)和多媒体课件。
教学过程
【课前探究】
分别搜集有关欧盟,联合国,世界贸易组织等国际组织的材料。
【导入新课】
引用探究与共享情景导入,从四幅图片入手,从它们反映的内容引发学生思考。国家和地区有什么区别?台湾__“参与”联合国的图谋不能得逞的根本原因是什么?当今,国际社会成员有哪些?导入新课。
【教学结构】
一、国际社会的基本构成:主权国家、国际组织
二、主权国家
1.主权国家的地位、分类和构成要素
2.主权国家与地区的区别
3.主权国家的权利和义务
三、国际组织
1.国际组织的含义
2.国际组织的分类和作用
四、活跃在国际舞台上的中国
1.联合国的宗旨、原则、作用
2.中国与联合国的关系
【师生互动】
问题探究:国家与地区的区别在于是否拥有主权;台湾“加入”联合国的图谋之所以不能得逞的根本原因是,台湾不拥有独立的主权,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分,联合国是主权国家参与的政治性国际组织。通过这些问题的探究,让学生明确主权在国家构成要素中的重要地位,它是国家的最重要构成要素,是国家的灵魂。在此基础上,引导学生归纳出国家社会的成员是主权国家、国际组织和地区。
一、国际社会的基本构成:主权国家、国际组织
下面我们就分两个方面来认识国际社会的基本成员。
二、主权国家
1.主权国家的地位、分类和构成要素。
由图片一可以归纳出:主权国家是国际社会的基本成员。
针对联合国安理会五个常任理事国的不同归类,由学生合作探究,主权国家按照不同划分标准可分:
按照国家性质:社会主义国家和资本主义国家。
按照发展程度:发达国家和发展中国家。
设问:作为一个主权国家,它必须具备哪些要素呢?
提示:主权国家的构成要素:人口、领土、政权和主权。从中国半殖民地半封建社会到新中国的成立,重点分析主权的含义,指出它包含两方面的特性:
对内表现:国家权力的至高无上性;
对外表现:国家权力的独立性。让学生明确主权是构成要素中最重要的要素,是一个国家的生命和灵魂。是否拥有主权是主权国家与地区的区别。
2.主权国家与地区的区别。
设问:作为一个主权国家,它享有什么权利?需要履行什么义务?
3.主权国家的权利和义务。
权利:独立权平等权自卫权管辖权。
义务:不侵犯他国,不干涉别国内政,以和平方式解决其国际争端。
师生互动:从海湾战争到伊拉克战争和中国半殖民地半封建社会到新中国的成立,师生共同分析主权国家享有的四项权利和三项义务的内涵。
过渡:在了解了主权国家的一些问题后,让我们来共同学习了解国际社会的另一个成员:
三、国际组织
设问:国际组织指的是什么呢?有什么作用?全球有那么多国际组织,能怎样区分?
1.国际组织的含义。
在当代国际社会中,一些国家、地区或民间团体,出于各种特定目的,通过签定条约或者协议的方式,建立了有一定规章制度的团体,这就是国际组织。
提示:通过由同学们列举你所认识的国际组织,例如欧盟、东盟、联合国、上海合作组织、世界银行、国际货币组织、国际奥委会、国际学生联合会、欧佩克、世界贸易组织等,帮助去划分,可以总结出:依照不同划分标准,可以有不同的类型。
其中有:世界性的和区域性的。政府间的和非政府间的。
2.国际组织的分类和作用。
设问:从欧盟、世界贸易组织、联合国,分析国际组织的作用。
提示:从联合国成立到今年第六十届联合国大会,联合国改革问题,联系最近时事热点,有关日本等国家谋求联合国安理会常任理事国的席位问题,伊拉克战争等问题,激发同学们的学习兴趣。引导学生分析联合国的宗旨、原则以及作用。
四、活跃在国际舞台上的中国
1.联合国的宗旨、原则、作用。
提示:⑴宗旨:维护国际和平与安全,促进国际合作与发展。⑵原则:联系主权国家的权利与义务分析。⑶作用:维护世界和平与安全,促进国际合作与发展,实行人道主义援助方面发挥积极作用。
2.中国与联合国的关系。
设问:从汕头最近的廖海鸥、莫乐参加联合国驻海地维和行动和中国针对联合国改革等问题谈中国与联合国的关系。
【教学总结】
一、对教材知识的归纳总结
本框从不同角度导入国际社会的主要成员主权国家与国际组织,阐述了主权国家的含义,主权国家的构成要素,主权国家的多样性,主权国家的权利和义务,国际组织的分类和作用等。引导学生认识中国在国际社会中是负责任的国家。
二、合作探究
(1)评析德、日、印、巴四国集团谋求在安理会常任理事国席位的行为。
(2)联系当今时代实际,谈谈你对中国与联合国关系的认识。
(3)列举三个以上中国积极参加联合国有利于世界和平与发展活动的典型事例,说明中国在国际社会上是一个负责任的国家。
巩固练习
一位发展中国家的政治家说:“我们不当任何人的小兄弟,不作任何大国的势力范围,我们要独立和主权。”他的话代表广大发展中国家的共同愿望。据此回答1-2题。
1.主权国家的构成要素是
①人口②领土③资源④国防⑤政权⑥主权
A.①②⑤⑥B.②③④⑥C.①②④⑤D.①③⑤⑥
答案:A
2.发展中国家把自己的主权看得比什么都重要,这是因为()
A.只有主权国家才能成为国际社会成员
B.只有主权国家才享有国际法确定的权利
C.主权是一个国家处理国内和国际事务的权力
D.主权是国家的生命和灵魂,是国家存在的最重要因素
答案:D
3.4月9日,欧盟对中国彩电拟征收高达44.6%的反倾销关税。欧洲联盟是()
A.世界的国际政治组织B.世界的非政府间区域经济组织
C.欧洲地区的非政府间国际组织D.欧洲地区的政治经济一体化组织
答案:D
4.208月11日,联合国安理会一致通过关于黎以冲突的决议,呼吁冲突各方“全面停止敌对行动。”这说明联合国()
A.是当今世界的国际组织B.发挥维护世界和平与安全的作用
C.在发挥人道主义援助的作用D.对会员国具有道义上的影响
答案:B
5.下列对中国与联合国关系表述正确的是()
①中国一贯支持联合国的工作②中国一贯支持联合国根据宪章精神所进行的工
作③中国是联合国创始会员国,也是联合国安理会常任理事国之一④中国积极参加联合国及专门机构有利于世界和平与发展的活动
A.①②③B.①③④C.①②④D.②③④
答案:D
教学后记
本框为介绍性内容,若老师单纯讲授势必太单调,因此应发挥学生的主体地位,利用网络拓宽学生的知识面
第二框我国处理国际关系的决定性因素:国家利益
(执笔人:洪涓审稿人:廖世平曾忠民)
教材分析
本框“我国处理国际关系的决定性因素:国家利益”是对国际关系的内容.形式及决定因素的阐述。下设三目。第一目“国家交往剪影”是情景导入,通过五幅有关国际关系的内容与形式的图片及文字介绍,引导学生感悟,探究国际关系的内容与形式的知识。第二目“国际关系及其决定因素”是情景分析,是对课程标准规定关于国际关系及其决定因素的知识点的系统表述。阐明了国际关系的含义,国际关系的内容,形式及国际关系的决定性因素是国际利益,国家力量是国际关系的重要因素。第三目“坚定地维护我国的利益”是情景回归,意在明确国际关系及其决定性因素的基础上,进一步认识中国通过壮大综合国力坚持社会主义方向,抵制外国的干涉等努力,维护我国国家利益。通过这一教学内容的学习引导学生进一步认识,国家力量也是决定国际关系的重要因素,而更重要的是明确中国只有通过增强国家力量才能有效维护国家利益。
学生分析
高一年的学生对时事有较浓厚的兴趣,但往往停留在表面,引导学生透过现象看本质。
教学目标
【知识目标】
识记国际关系的含义、内容和形式,国家力量的含义、我国国家利益的内容。
【能力目标】
理解国家利益对国际关系的决定作用、坚定地维护我国国家利益的重要意义。
【情感、态度、价值观目标】
认识中国通过壮大综合国力坚持社会主义方向,抵制外国干涉等努力,维护国家利益,明确中国只有通过增强国家力量才能有效地维护国家利益。
教学重点与难点:
国家关系的决定因素
教学方式
多媒体、讨论、讲授
教学用具
传统教学工具(黑板、粉笔)和多媒体课件。
教学过程
【课前探究】
1.搜集近期国际国内重大时事。
2.学生讨论:思考P97,探究1,回答其中4个问题。
【导入新课】
观看视频:美国发动伊拉克战争。
引出问题:1、国家关系的含义、内容和表现形式。2、国际关系的决定因素。
【教学结构】
1.国家关系的含义、内容和表现形式
(1)含义
(2)内容
(3)表现形式
2.国际关系的决定因素
(1)国家利益是起决定作用的因素
(2)国家力量是影响国际关系的重要因素
(3)政治意识形态也是影响国际关系的重要因素
3.坚定地维护我国的利益
【师生互动】
复杂多变的国际关系的影响因素有很多,包括历史、地理、政治、经济、文化、意识形态等各个方面,其中最重要的因素是国家利益和国家力量。其中国家利益通常首先体现统治阶级的利益,如20美国发动伊拉克战争,主要维护的是军火商、石油商等资产阶级的利益。
1.国家关系的含义、内容和表现形式。(板书)
学生活动:阅渎教材,归纳要点。
2.国际关系的决定因素。(板书)
(1)国家利益是起决定作用的因素(板书)
提示概括:①国家利益是主权国家制定和实施对外政策的基本依据,是其对外活动的主要目的。国际社会的最主要行为主体是主权国家。一个主权国家对内、对外的基本动因是国家利益。国家利益的内容是非常广泛的,从层次上划分,它可以分为三个主要层次:
一是主权利益,即涉及国家的独立、生存和安全的利益,这是国家最基本的利益;
二是发展利益,即发展国内经济和加强对外的政治、经济等联系,增强对外竞争力,维护本国利益等;
三是参与的利益,即塑造本国在国际社会中的良好形象,增强本国在国际社会中的地位和作用,以便于更好地参与国际事务。
因此,国家利益的核心内容是独立与生存、稳定与发展及国际参与。
从领域上划分,可分为政治、经济、社会、军事、外交、文化、安全等诸领域。
国家利益的内容是变化的,在不同的历史时代,不同阶级性质的国家和不同的国内外环境中,国家利益的内容和目标有所不同。如我国在60年代、70年代、80年代、90年代的外交政策的变化。
国家利益是国家对外活动的出发点和归宿。任何国家总是根据自身的利益而行动的。每个国家的对外政策,首先是维护本国的独立和安全;其次是谋求和保护本国的经济利益。
各国政府为了实现上述目标,都要制定相应的、具体的外交政策,如独立自主政策、对外合作政策、结盟政策、军备政策、战争政策等等。
每个国家对外政策的执行过程,就是国家利益的实现过程,也就是说,国家利益在对外政策实施过程中得到不同程度的实现。
②国家间的共同利益是国家合作的基础,利益的对立是国家间分歧、摩擦乃至冲突的根源。由于各国都以本国利益为原则来处理国家之间的关系,因而形成了国家之间复杂的利益关系。即国家之间既存在共同的利益,又存在对立的利益。
在共同利益的前提下,一个国家对本国国家利益的追求不仅不会损害另一个国家对其国家利益的追求,反而有利于另一个国家对其国家利益的追求,因而,共同利益是国家合作的基础。如打击国际犯罪、全球污染、反对恐怖主义、反大规模性杀伤性武器扩散、国际贸易等等。
在利益对立的前提下,一个国家对本国利益的追求必然损害另一个国家的国家利益,因而,利益对立是国家间分歧、摩擦用到冲突的根源。如领土纠纷、资源分配、贸易争端、霸权主义。
因此,国际社会需要协调国家的利益,处理国家间的矛盾,以促进国际关系的健康发展。
但是,任何国家都不能以维护本国国家利益为理由,侵犯别国主权和安全,干涉别国内政。这样说是非正义、错误的应当受到谴责和反对。从根本、长远的观点看,也是损害本国和本国人民的利益的。如伊拉克战争。(对于这部分内容可以重点结合中美、中日外交关系的展开分析)
学生讨论:“人权高于主权”的说法是否合理。(视频:科索沃战争)
(2)国家力量是影响国际关系的重要因素(板书)
视频:旧金山条约的签订。
学生讨论:弱国无外交。
提示:国家力量又称国家实力、综合国力。它是主权国家赖以生存的基础,是捍卫本国利益,实现国家目标和影响别国的能力,是衡量一个国家在国际社会的地位、作用和影响的重要尺度。具体表现在:①国家力量的大小强弱,影响着国家之间是平等、互助、团结、合作还是妥协、退让、冲突、对抗的关系。
②国家力量的变化,往往引起原来国家之间关系的变化。在当代,各国的经济竞赛和经济竞争从更深层次影响着国际关系的变化发展。当代世界各国以经济和科技为基础的综合国力的竞争必将导致世界现存经济秩序的改变和各国在世界上的实力地位的重新排列,从而影响国际关系的变化。如中国、印度的崛起。
小资料:综合国力主要包括经济、科技、军事、资源、社会发展、政府调控、外交等指标。世界综合国力排名:美国、日本、法国、英国、德国、俄罗斯、中国、加拿大、意大利、澳大利亚、巴西、印度。中国的经济指标约为美国1/3,科技指标为1/7,军事指标为1/5。
(3)政治意识形态也是影响国际关系的重要因素。如冷战、美国遏制中国的意图。
3.坚定地维护我国的利益(板书)
视频:中国与英国对香港问题的谈判,中国与美国对贸易问题的谈判。
提示:中国要坚定的地维护自己的国家利益。我国的国家利益的主要内容包括:安全利益、政治利益、经济利益。我国在维护自身利益的同时,尊重其他国家的合理的国家利益,并维护各国人民的共同利益。
高一政治下册第一单元复习教案
篇2:高一下册政治第一单元知识点
影响价格的因素
1、各种因素对商品价格的影响,是通过改变商品的供求关系来实现的。
2、供求影响价格
①供不应求,价格升高——卖方市场(卖方起主导作用,处于有利地位)
②供过于求,价格降低——买方市场(买方起主导作用,处于有利地位)
3、价值决定价格
①价值与价格的关系:价值是价格的基础,价格是价值的货币表现(一般情况下,商品价值量与价格成正比)
②商品价值量由生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定。对于商品生产者来讲,个别劳动时间高于社会必要劳动时间,则处于不利地位;个别劳动时间低于社会必要劳动时间,则处于有利地位。
③社会必要劳动时间,是指在现有的社会正常生产条件下,在社会平均的劳动熟练程度和劳动强度下,制造某种商品所需要的劳动时间。
④商品价值量与社会劳动生产率成反比。
4、价值规律
①基本内容:商品的价值量由生产该商品的社会必要劳动时间决定,商品交换以价值量为基础实行等价交换。
②表现形式:商品价格受供求关系的影响,围绕价值上下波动。
价格变动的影响
1、对人民生活的影响:①一般说来,价格上升,购买减少;价格下降,购买增加。
②价格变动对生活必需品需求量的影响比较小,对高档耐用消费品需求量的影响比较大。
③在替代品中,一种商品价格上升,消费者将减少对该商品的购买,转而消费另一种商品,导致另一种商品的需求量增加;反之,一种商品价格下降,消费者将增加对该商品的购买,导致另一种商品的需求量减少(即替代品的价格变动对双方的影响是反向的)
④在互补品中,一种商品的价格上升,不仅使该商品的需求量减少,也会使另一种商品的需求量减少;反之,一种商品的价格下降,需求量增加,会引起另一种商品的需求量随之增加(即互补品的价格变动对双方的影响是同向的)
2、对生产经营的影响:调节生产,提高劳动生产率(个别劳动生产率),生产适销对路的高质量产品。
篇3:一年级下册第一单元复习教案
复习内容:读课文识字1—6课,古诗《春晓》,快乐宫1
复习目标:熟读课文,掌握课文中的生字新词,并能在句子运用。背诵课文、古诗。
复习重点:复习巩固生字新词,正确书写字词,掌握笔画和部首。
复习时间:2课时
复习过程:
一、复习生字
第一课时
1.抽读1—6课的生字:哪、枝、柳、脸、醒、换、新、豆、流、潮、通、金、光、情、禁、片、像、图、岸、座、坡、种、民、植、晓、眠、唐、然、觉、得、和、就、点、喝、轻、舒、服、泉、愿、已、经、于、每、被、眼、幸、倒、处、找、浅、淡、发、所、静、交
2.复习部首
3.复习要写的字(书空、数笔画)
二、熟读课文,背诵古诗《春晓》
1.《春天在哪里》:采用问答的方法朗读。
春天在、在()、在()、在()。
2.《闹花灯》:采用引读的方法朗读。
积累词语:人流如潮、灯火通明、金光闪闪、情不自禁的。
书空“片”和“竖心旁”。
3.《春雨沙沙》齐读课文。
复习“提土旁”,积累带有“提土旁”的.字。复习多音字“种”。
4.《一粒种子》采用分角色朗读,问:种子发芽需要哪些条件?
5.《小山泉的心愿》分角色朗读,问:小山泉的心愿是什么?你懂了什么?
积累带有“衣字旁”的字
6.《绿》背诵课文
练习说话:()是()。
什么怎样
第二课时
做复习卷
教后反馈:
词汇量大,复习巩固侧重音、形、义方面来区别并记忆,根据部首归类、积累。
篇4:第一单元复习教案
复习过程:
一、文学常识
高尔基-苏联-《海燕》《童年》《在人间》《我的大学》
魏巍——《我的老师》—《谁是最可爱的人》
脱脱——元代——《赵普》-《宋史》
二、字音字形字音:发绺( ) 两颊( ) 诅咒( ) 踱( )步 地窖() 赫( )然 窘()迫 踌( )躇( ) 摩挲() 颓( )唐 抖擞( )() 揩( )油 虐()待 恣( )情 剔()透 遗孀( ) 聘( )用 牛犊() 遴( )选 轩()然大波 萦系( )( ) 抉()择 勘( )察 笨拙( )字形:弓弦-炫耀 即使-既然 后悔-教诲 跻身-拥挤多音多义:颤抖-寒颤 提问-提防 调动-调节 模样-一模一样 恶毒-厌恶-恶心 盛放-盛开负荷-荷花三、词语积累1.教师引导学生识记课文注解中的词语2.教师强调注意的词语:颓唐:精神萎靡 恣情:放纵感情 诅咒:咒骂 不能自已:不能控制自己的感情。已,停止。轩然大波:比喻打的纠纷或风潮。四、古文阅读 《赵普》1.教师引导学生根据课文注解,一边读课文,一边疏通文意。2.词类活用碎裂奏牍掷地(使动用法 使……碎裂)2.古今异义词龌龊( )( ):古义:过分谨慎,拘于小节。明日:古义:第二天 今义:今天的下一天。颜色:古义:脸色 今义:色彩3.一词多义乃:(1)太祖乃悟( ) (2)见渔人,乃大惊( )虽:(1)虽多忌克( ) (2)虽乘奔御风( )以:跪而拾之以归( ) (2)乃以瓦布之( ) (3)虽乘奔御风( )而能以天下事为己任( )4.解释词语a、阖户启箧( ) b、卒用其人( )c、普少习吏事( )d、寡学术( ) 碎裂奏牍掷地( ) e、既薨( )f、读之竟日( )5.用原文语句填空文中写赵普刻苦读书的语句是: 晚年手不释卷 ;表现他精力旺盛的语句是: 读之竟日,及次日临政,处决如流 表明赵普性格特点的语句是 普性深沉,有岸谷,虽多忌克而能以天下事为己任。 。
篇5:高一第一单元复习教案 教案教学设计
教学目标
1.了解现代诗歌的一般特点,了解诗歌常常借助鲜明生动的形象来抒发感情。
2.提高对现代诗歌的阅读和鉴赏能力。
3.学习诗歌富有表现力的语言。
教学课时 1 课时
教学步骤
一、阅读能力培养。
(1)广泛阅读中外名诗。
(2)诗歌鉴赏要防止僵化、片面的解读。教学中鉴赏诗歌有多种方法。
如:①要抓住诗歌中的意象,尽可能展开联想和想像,理解诗歌的思想感情;
◆意象 1、意象,即诗人意中之象,是寄寓着诗人的独特理解和特定感情的事物和景物,是诗人表达思想、抒发感情载体。比如《雨巷》中创造了两个中心意象:“雨巷”和“丁香”般的“姑娘”。“雨巷”--“悠长”“寂寥”,诗人在其中“独自彷徨”。这个意象表现了诗人在现实世界中的孤独感。“丁香”般的“姑娘”--她“在雨中哀怨,哀怨又彷徨”、“像梦一般地凄婉迷茫”,从这里飘过,不留下一丝痕迹。这个意象表现了诗人对美、爱、理想和希望的企慕与追求,以及没有着落时的迷茫心境和空虚幻灭感。如李白的《春夜洛城闻笛》:
谁家玉笛暗飞声,散入春风满洛城。
此夜曲中闻折柳,何人不起故园情?
要理解题目中的“折柳”的含义,关键就要能理解“柳”的意象。我们知道古诗中的“柳”是有特殊的含义的。柔顺婀娜、随风摆动的“柳”和“留”谐音,另外古人还有折柳送行的习俗,这就很容易引申到“柳--留--惜别--依依不舍”的层面上来。使人联想到,离别的人一看见杨柳,就会想起离别时依依不舍的场面,就会浮现出赠柳惜别的情景,心中就会涌起一缕缕离愁。这样,诗中“折柳”一词所寓含的“惜别怀远”之意就比较容易理解了。2p对于意象,我们要注意它的如下特点: ①主观和客观的统一。意象渗透诗人在特定环境、特定时刻的思想与感情,它不是对事物的客观描摹,即使是诗中最细微、最平常的事物,也都渗透了诗人主观上的情意。例如《再别康桥》这首诗中,柳树、水草、清潭、夏虫,都是寻常景物,但在诗人充满离情别意的眼里,他们都显得那么美丽、迷人而深情依依。②意象之间紧密的内在联系。一个意象运用的好坏,不仅在于这个意象是否鲜明,还在于它在整体中的地位。如果一个意象和作品所要表达的主要思想感情关系不大,没有和其他意象融为统一的整体,那么这个意象就是多余的。③意象要鲜明、有力。意象的形成:物象--形象--意象。
②要知人论世,注意诗歌创作的时代背景和诗人的思想状况,进一步懂得“文章合为时而著,歌诗合为事而作”的道理。也要注意背景与内容又不必机械地一一对应。
如果脱离了诗歌的写作背景去鉴赏诗歌,那是毫无意义的。有些诗歌不联系当时的社会背景,根本就不好理解,如闻一多的《死水》、穆旦的《赞美》等。但一般的考题并没有直接告诉我们诗歌的写作背景,这就需要我们用心去思考。细心的.同学会发现很多诗歌都标明了写作日期,我们就可以从诗歌的写作日期去联想当时的社会背景,并且运用所学到的知识结合诗歌中描写的内容进行思考。如在赏析艾青的诗歌《我爱这土地》时,就应该联系后面的写作日期“1938年11月17日”去思考。1938年,日本侵略者连续攻占了中国的广大地区,所到之处疯狂肆虐,妄图摧毁中国人民的抵抗意志。中国人民奋起抵抗,进行了不屈不挠的斗争。诗人在国土沦丧、民族危亡的关头,满怀对祖国的挚爱和对侵略者的仇恨,写下了这首慷慨激昂的诗。
③要注意诗歌的表达方式和写作技巧。
表达方式:
诗词中主要运用叙述、描述、议论、 抒情四种表达方式,这其中描写、抒情是考查的重点。描写方式有动静结合、托物言志p虚实结合等的不同;抒情方式有(抒情方式 主要有直接抒情和间接抒情两种方式。)直抒胸臆、借景抒情、寓情于景、情景交融情景相生 情因景生 以景衬情 融情入景 一切景语皆情语等。
写作技巧包括:
赋比兴、衬托、对比、渲染、卒章显志、画龙点睛、以小见大、欲扬先抑、联想想象、语序倒置等。
艺术风格:
包括雄浑、旷达、豪放、俊爽、冲淡、沉郁、悲慨、婉约
结构方式:(首尾照应,开门见山、层层深入,先总后分,先景后情、卒章显志,过渡、铺垫、伏笔)
⑤注意明辨各种修辞手法
古诗词中作者常常会运用各种不同的修辞手法,使表情达意丰富形象。
比喻:最常用的技巧。写同一事物还可以用不同比喻。如李煜的“恰似一江春水向东流”,写了“似春水”的“愁之多,之源源不断”。
通感:把视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉沟通起来,如林逋的“暗香浮动月黄昏”,用视觉“暗”写嗅觉“香”、突出梅香的特点。
借代:如用“帆”代“船”,“朱门”代“权贵豪门之家”。
互文:在连贯性话语中,将本应含在一起的词语,分别安排在上下两句,或一句的上下段中,既省字又表意。如白居易的“主人下马客在船”,实际是说:“主人下马在船,客人下马在船”。
设问:如李煜的“问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流”。
夸张:如辛弃疾的“东风夜放花千树,更吹落,星如雨”。
古诗词常用的修辞还有拟人、反问、反复等,都要求我们去注意。
⑥注意关注诗歌题目
诗歌的题目很重要,往往可以透露出重要的线索,如上海卷,试题为“约客”,作者约人,对方迟迟没有来,环境上“家家雨,处处蛙”的渲染,约了客人,怎么不来?突出了作者等待的焦虑。
⑦注意运用联想、想象
诗歌鉴赏是一种再创造。再创造的主要方式是联想、想象,如王驾的《雨晴》,作者没有描写邻家院子景色,但写了“蜂蝶纷纷过墙去”这一实景。如果考生紧紧依傍这一诗句,透过言在此而意在彼的重重迷雾,会联想到邻家春色美不胜收,如此景致,连路人都会驻足观望,更何况是喜花的蜂蝶呢!
④从诗歌的关键词句入手进行诗歌鉴赏
我们在学习郑愁予的《错误》时,老师都会讲到理解这首诗要从“我不是归人,是个过客”一句入手,这一句是我们理解这首诗的关键,也是突破口。有时候,诗歌中还有一些提示性的语言,如有的诗歌就写了是为谁而作、为何而作等,这也可以作为我们理解诗歌的突破口。舒婷的《这也是一切》下面还有一个小标题“答一位青年朋友的《一切》”就是一个例子。
⑤从诗人的世界观和人生观入手进行诗歌鉴赏
我们说“文如其人”,也可以说“诗如其人”,也就是说诗人有着怎样的世界观和人生观,那么这些观念在他们的诗歌中必然有所折射。我们知道海子是个理想主义者,那么我们从这一印象出发去理解《面朝大海,春暖花开》就更快捷一些。相反,如果我们不了解余光中其人,那么《乡愁》就不好理解。对于比较熟悉的诗人,我们常可以联系诗人的世界观和人生观去进行思考。
古代诗词中常见的思想情感
● 忧国伤时
● 建功报国
● 思乡怀人
● 生活杂感
● 长亭送别
⑧鉴赏用词之妙
“日色冷青松”(《过香积寺》王维 :不知香积寺,数里入云峰。古木无人径,深山何处钟。泉声咽危石,日色冷青松。薄暮空潭曲,安禅制毒龙。
【评析】这是一首写游览的诗,主要在于描写景物。题意在写山寺,但并不正面描摹,而用侧写环境,来表现山寺之幽胜。“云峰”、“古木”、“深山”、“危石”、“青松”、“空潭”,字字扣合寺院身分。最后看到深潭已空,想到《涅诰》中所说的其性暴烈的毒龙已经制服,喻指僧人之机心妄想已被制服,不觉又悟到禅理的高深。全诗不写寺院,而寺院已在其中。构思奇妙、炼字精巧。“泉声咽危石,日色冷青松,”历代被誉为炼字典范。)
大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆(王维《使至塞上》)
王维《使至塞上》:“大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆。”一个“直”字更显荒漠的浩瀚无际,“圆”字更显长河的磅礴远大。
李清照《醉花阴》中:“莫道不消魂,帘卷西风,人比黄花瘦。”“瘦”字是词眼,是全词精神集中表现的地方,因为有刻骨铭心的离愁,所以衣带渐宽,腰肢瘦损。“人比黄花瘦”五字,以生动的形象来表达感情,而“为伊消得人憔悴”之含义,自在其中。
总之,教学过程中要注意调动学生的生活体验,启发学生的悟性和灵性。可以结合单元后面朱光潜先生的文章,进一步领悟诗歌鉴赏的技巧;可以通过诵读,感受诗歌的音乐美,体验诗中的节奏、韵律,体会诗中浓郁的感情;可以通过感知和分析诗歌语言,进行联想和想像,理解诗中生动、鲜明的形象(意象)和品味诗歌的意境美,领悟诗的主旨和意味。
二、掌握古诗词基本知识
诗歌分为古体诗(又称“古风”)、今体诗(又称“格律诗”)。
古体诗:包括“今体诗”出现以前的除“楚辞”以外的所有诗作,也包括“今体诗”出现以后的除“今体诗”以外的所有诗作。“歌、行、吟”分别是古体诗的一种体裁。如岑参的《白雪歌送武判官归京》、白居易的《琵琶行》、李白的《梦游天姥吟留别》。
今体诗:分为律诗、绝句。律诗每首八句,有五律(五字)、七律(七字)。首联(一、二句)、颔联(三、四句)、颈联(五、六句)、尾联(七、八句),颔联、颈联必须对仗。绝句每首四句,有五绝(五字)、七绝(七字),二、四、六、八句押韵,首句可押可不押,一般押平声韵,一韵到底。
词:是今体诗之后产生于盛唐,流行于中唐,发展于晚唐与五代,成就于宋代的一种新诗体。词又称长短句(句子字数不等、长短不一)、诗余(由诗歌发展而来)。根据词的长短,词又分单调(也叫小令,一般认为58字以内)、中调(一般分上下阙,58-96字)、长调(96字以上,三阙以上)。词有词牌,词牌严格律定了每首词的格律和音韵。
曲:即散曲,分为“小令”、“套数”。是宋金时期逐渐形成的一种新诗体。曲与词的最大不同,是曲可在词规定的字数中增加衬字,从而增加语言的生动性,更自由灵活地表达思想与情感。
三、把握不同的诗作题材
就诗作题材内容的不同,古诗词可分为写景(抒情)诗、记事(咏怀)诗、咏史(怀古)诗、咏物(言志)诗、田园(山水)诗、边塞(征战)诗等等。
写景诗:学生在高中阶段大体接触过,毋须多说。
咏怀诗:叙事抒怀,通过具体的事件的叙写来抒写胸臆,抒写个人的恨别、怀远、思乡、离愁、感时等情怀的作品。如王勃的《送杜少府之任蜀州》、杜甫的《春望》。
咏史诗:诗人对某一历史事件或历史人物的咏叹,一般融进了诗人独到的见识,以史咏怀,以史诵人,以史治史,以史喻今。如陶渊明、刘禹锡、杜牧等都是咏史诗的作者。
咏物诗:主要特点是托物言志。这类古诗中的“物”多具有特定意义的意象。如桃花象征美人、牡丹寄寓富贵、杨花有飘零之意等等,不同的意象有不同的内蕴。
山水田园诗:写田园生活和山水风景,陶渊明是田园诗的开山,南朝的谢灵运是山水诗的鼻祖。唐代形成了山水田园诗派,主要有王维、孟浩然、储光羲、常建等。
边塞诗:描写边塞生活与民族矛盾,还有一系列与边塞有关的东西形成于盛唐,最高成就为高适、岑参、王昌龄、王之涣。
四、分清各种风格流派
“风格”是指诗人在选择题材、塑造形象以及语言运用等方面形成的创作特色。如陶渊明的诗恬淡平和,王维的诗诗中有画,李白的诗豪放飘逸,杜甫的诗沉郁顿挫。
流派主要指诗歌的流派和词的流派。
1.诗歌流派:现实主义、浪漫主义
现实主义:提倡客观地观察现实生活,精确细腻地描写现实,真实地表现典型环境的典型人物。源头:《诗经》;代表作家:杜甫、白居易、陆游等。
浪漫主义:善于抒发对理想的热烈追求,用热情奔放的语言、奇特的想象和夸张手法、神话故事来塑造形象。源头:《楚辞》;代表作家:屈原、李白、李贺、龚自珍等。
2.词的流派:豪放派、婉约派豪放派:气势磅礴,格调高昂,意境雄浑,感情激荡。代表人物:苏轼、辛弃疾。
婉约派:笔调柔和,感情细腻,委婉缠绵,韵味深远。代表人物:刘永、姜夔、秦观、李清照。
三、基础知识聚焦
(一)文学常识
1.徐志摩(1896-1931) 现代诗人,“新月派”代表诗人,著有《志摩的诗》《猛虎集》《云游集》等。有名作《再别康桥》等。
2.闻一多(1899-1946) 现代诗人、学者、民主战士。早年参加“新月社”,著有诗集《红烛》《死水》。
3.艾青(1910-) 现代诗人,原名蒋海澄,1932年加入“中国左翼作家联盟”,《大堰河--我的保姆》是他的成名之作。抗战期间,写了长诗《向太阳》《火把》。解放后,又写了《在浪尖上》《光的赞歌》。
4.舒婷 当代女诗人,“朦胧诗派”代表诗人。出版有诗集《双桅船》,并与顾城合编《舒婷、顾城抒情涛选》,她的创作有典型的浪漫主义风格。
5.普希金(1799-1837) 19世纪俄国积极浪漫主义文学的代表和批判现实主义文学的奠基人。著有抒情诗《自由颂》《致恰达耶夫》《致大海》《致诗人》等,中篇小说《上尉的女儿》,代表作长篇诗体小说《叶甫盖尼奥涅金》(也译作《欧根奥涅金》)。
6.华兹华斯(1770-1850) 英国“湖畔派”代表诗人,消极浪漫主义代表诗人。
7.爱密丽狄金森(1830-1886) 十九世纪美国女诗人。诗写得都很短,富有奇想,常寓有深邃的哲理。但也常有玄秘主义和晦涩的毛病。
8.裴多菲(1823-1849) 十九世纪匈牙利最伟大的爱国诗人。他的《自由爱情》一诗被白莽意泽为《爱情和自由》:“生命诚可贵,爱情价更高,若为自由故,二者皆可抛。”在我国流传甚广。
9.词 产生于唐代,最初称曲子词,是民间创作,到中唐时期一些文人也开始作词.经过五代到宋,词发展到了极盛时期。
词最初是配音乐的,后来词逐渐和音乐分离,成为诗的别体,故也有人称词为“诗余”。词牌,就是词的格式的名称。不同的词牌,其段数、句数、韵律,每句的字数、句式、声律,均有各自不同的规格。
篇6:三年级下册第一单元复习课教案
三年级下册第一单元复习课教案
一、 导入 1.同学们,这一单元我们学习了哪几篇课文呢?(指名说,老师板书。) 2.你们有没有发现这三篇课文有什么共同点呢?它们都是写什么的? 3.是的,这三篇课文都是写景的,不光景美,情更美。相信通过今天的复习,同学们肯定能有更深的体会。 4.复习之前先来看看老师带给同学们的小礼物吧。出示红旗图片,今天你想拿到几面红旗呢?要想拿到全部的红旗可不容易。你有信心吗? 二、 字词大比拼 (一)你能组词吗 蜒( ) 族( ) 资( ) 幻( ) 蜓( ) 旅( ) 姿( ) 幼( ) 自己先思考,然后开火车说。(能完全组对的同学摘得第一面红旗) (二)你能读准吗(幻灯出示第一单元的四字词语) 连绵起伏 曲折蜿蜒 星罗棋布 碧波浩渺 千姿百态 变幻无常 瞬息万变 云遮雾罩 腾云驾雾 气象万千 若隐若现 流连忘返 自己先读,然后开火车读,有错误的正音。最后学生齐读。 (能完全读对的同学摘得第二面红旗) 这些字它们的字形都比较接近,你能正确区分它们并用它们组词吗? (三)你能用对吗 1.幻灯出示题目,选词填空。 连绵起伏 变幻无常 气象万千 流连忘返 碧波浩渺 1.唐古拉山天气( ),往往大晴天里忽然刮起了大风,下起了大雪。 2.这些山高耸入云,( ),一山高,一山矮,一山绿,一山青。 3.登上黄山之顶;但见一派( )的壮丽景象,真是令人( )。 4.游人可登高山,穿密林,俯览天池全景,也可在( )的湖水中泛舟横渡,饱览湖光山色。 (选词全对的同学摘得第三面红旗) 三、 课文不走样 1.同学们,刚才我们说到这一单元的三篇课文都是写景的,那么你最喜欢的是哪里的景色?为什么呢?(指名学生自由说) 2.复习第一课 (1)喜欢长城和运河的同学,一起来看题目。(幻灯出示) 1.长城像 , , 。东起 ,西到 。 谱写了 。 2.运河像 , , 。北起 ,南到 。 谱写了 。 (2)你能背诵吗?指名背诵。男生背第一条,女生背第二条。(背对的同学摘得第四面红旗。) (3)作者是在什么角度来观察长城和运河的呢?师总结(幻灯出示,指名读。) 观察景物的角度有很多,比如:仰视、远视、近视、环视……但不管以什么角度来写景物,都要抓住景物的特点来进行描写,这样才能写出景物的不同之处。 2.复习二、三课 (1)喜欢南沙群岛和庐山云雾的同学一起来看这两条题目吧。(出示) 1.南沙是祖国 。她拥有 的珍贵的 , 蕴藏着 的 ,贮存了 的 。 2.庐山的云雾 。山头的云雾像 ,半山的云雾像 。云雾弥漫山谷像 ,云雾遮挡山峰像 。 (2)会背吗?指名背诵。南北两组分别背。(背对的`同学摘得第五面红旗。) (3)这两段话分别是围绕哪句话来介绍的?这两个句子就叫做这两段的――(中心句)像这种先观察景物的整体特点,然后再围绕中心分别进行具体细致的描写的方法就叫做――(总分写法)。我们在介绍景物时,除了可以采用总分方法之外,还可以采用其他方法。(幻灯出示)指名读。 我们介绍景物除了可以采用总分方法进行描写之外,还可以按照游览的顺序进行描写,或者按时间或四季的变化来观察描写。 (4)作者在写庐山的云雾时,除了采用总分写法介绍之外,还用了什么方法?作者把庐山的云雾比喻成什么?这样写有什么好处呢? (5)(幻灯出示,指名读。) 著名作家老舍先生说过:“在描写时,不能不设喻。”通过比喻,才能使语句更形象,更具体。用比喻、拟人等方法来介绍景物,文章才更富有感染力。 (6)小练笔 1.小露珠真美丽啊,一颗颗 ,像 ,像 ,像 。 2.这些云真奇特啊,一朵朵 ,像 ,像 ,像 。 (会做的摘得第六面红旗) 3.总体回顾第一单元课文,这几条题目会做吗?(幻灯出示) 1.长城和运河是 创造的 。我还知道我们的祖先创造了 、 等人间奇迹。 2.南沙是 ,也是个 ,还将会是个 。 3.庐山云雾的特点是 、 。我还会用 、 来形容庐山的云雾。 自由思考,指名回答。(答对的同学获得第七面红旗) 四、 阅读小殿堂 1.这一单元我们学习了三篇写景的文章,老师也给同学们介绍了写景作文的小窍门。现在老师这里有一篇小短文来考考大家,看看大家学得怎么样。短文阅读老师给大家准备了三面红旗,你有信心全部拿到手吗? 2.阅读学生《桂林山水》 人们都说:“桂林山水甲天下”。我们乘着木船荡漾在漓江上,来观赏桂林的山水。 我看见过波澜(lán)壮阔的大海,欣赏过水平如镜的西湖,却从没看见过漓江这样的水。漓江的水真静啊,静得让你感觉不到它在流动;漓江的水真清啊,清得可以看见江底的沙石;漓江的水真绿啊,绿得仿佛那是一块无瑕(xiá)的翡翠。船桨激起的微波扩散出一道道水纹,才让你感觉到船在前进,岸在后移。 我攀登过峰峦(luán)雄伟的泰山,游览过红叶似火的香山,却从没看见过桂林这一带的山。桂林的山真奇啊,一座座拔地而起,各不相连,像老人,像巨象,像骆驼,奇峰罗列,形态万千;桂林的山真秀啊,像翠绿的屏障(píng zhàng),像新生的竹笋,色彩明丽,倒映水中;桂林的山真险啊,危峰兀(wù)立,怪石嶙峋(línxún),好像一不小心就会栽倒下来。 这样的山围绕着这样的水,这样的水倒映着这样的山,再加上空中云雾迷蒙,山间绿树红花,江上竹筏(fá)小舟,让你感到像是走进了连绵不断的画卷,真是“舟行碧波上走,人在画中游”。 3.幻灯出示题目,学生完成。 一、选择正确的解释。 1.“甲”的意思有以下几种:A居第一位。B某些动物身上的硬壳。C手指或脚趾上的角质硬壳。D起保护作用的装备,用金属、皮革等制成。 (1)“桂林山水甲天下”中的“甲”的意思是( )。 (2)“丢盔弃甲”中的“甲”的意思是( )。 2.“荡”的意思有以下几种:A 摇动 B 全部搞光 C 无事走来走去 D 广阔平坦 E 放荡,行为不检点 (1)我们乘着竹筏,荡漾在漓江上。( ) (2)天黑的时候,千万不要一个人在大街上游荡。( ) (3)日本鬼子的这一次大规模扫荡又是一无所获。( ) (回答正确获得第八面红旗) 增加难度 二、仿写句子 (例)漓江的水真绿啊,绿得仿佛那是一块无瑕(xiá)的翡翠。 1.天空真蓝啊,蓝得 。 2.公园的花真多啊,多得 ;公园的花真香啊,香得 ;公园的花真美啊,美得仿佛 。 (回答正确获得第九面红旗) 继续挑战 三、填空题 1.漓江水的特点是______、______、_____;桂林山的特点是______、______、_____。 2.短文二三小节将___________、___________与漓江的水进行比较,将______ ____、__ ___与桂林的山进行比较。是为了说明桂林山水______天下。表现了作者对桂林山水的 之情。 (回答正确的同学获得第十面红旗) 五、 再攀新高峰 1.现在你已经拿到几面红旗了?还想继续拿吗?这一单元练习里面还有一个重要的知识我们还没有复习到。相信同样难不倒大家的。 2.各个省、市、自治区的简称歌同学们还记得吗?指名背诵,齐背。 3.练习1.我国第二长河,发源于青海省境内,流经青( )、川( )、甘( )、宁( )、蒙( )、陕( )、晋( )、豫( )、鲁( )九个省区,最后流入渤海。全长5464千米,仅次于长江。也是世界第五长河。 2.路上看到一辆车牌号为“琼B05327”的车,我知道它是我国( )的车子。江苏海安的车牌号就是以( )字开头的。 (回答正确的同学获得第十一面红旗) 六、送名言 1.送名言 温故而知新,可以为师矣。――孔子(广泛地熟读典籍,复习所学的知识,进而从中获得新的领悟,又能努力吸收新知以求融会贯通。做到这样的程度了,才可称为老师啊。) 2.背诵名言。(获得最后一面红旗)老师总结,送鼓励话语。篇7:高一第一单元教案
高一第一单元教案
Unit 1 Good Friends
Teaching objectives and demands:
1. The activity is designed to encourage students to think about friends and friendship and to activate relevant vocabulary.
2. Ask the students to describe a good friend and give examples of situations where friends have helped them. Use the activity as a brainstorming session done either in groups or with the whole class.
3. Language use: Manipulate listening, speaking practice
Key points:
1. Everyday English for communication.
2. Words and useful expressions
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Warming up
Students are asked to describe themselves and a friend. You can use these questions in at least two different ways. One alternative is to ask the students to think about three words to describe themselves and then let each student tell the class the three characteristics they have chosen. A second alternative would be to ask the students to write down the three characteristics and let other students guess who is being described. As with the first part, the objective is to elicit student language and get the students to think about friends and friendship.
Which words can be used to describe the characteristic?
Brave: courage fearless heroic
Scared : astonish fearful frightened horrified shocked terrified timid
Loyal: devoted faithful
Wise: bright clever cute gifted intelligent smart well-learned witty
Foolish: silly stupid
Beautiful: attractive breath-taking charming cool cute elegant eye-catching good-looking
graceful inviting lovely neat pretty splendid stunning
Rich: wealthy plentiful
Funning: amusing humorous
Happy: carefree cheerful contented delighted glad high merry pleased
Unhappy: bitter blue discouraged displeased heavy miserable sad upset
Step 2. Listening
The students will hear friends discuss common problems that may occur in a friendship. The students are asked to identify the problems and suggest solutions. Tell the students that friends sometimes have problems and that it is important to know how to solve the problems. The students will hear three arguments between friends and are asked to write down the problems and suggest possible solutions. It may be necessary to divide the task into two parts; first the students write down the problems as they listen to the tape, and then they discuss possible solutions. The students can also listen to one situation at a time and discuss solutions with the whole class.
Key
1. Peter is often late for football practice. I think that he should try to be on time in the future.
2. Mary usually borrows things without asking and she doesn’t return things on time. She should ask the owner is she wants to borrow something and try to return it on time in the future.
3. Adam borrowed John’s CD player yesterday and now it is broken. Adam can ask his uncle to fix it.
Extension the students are asked to think of other situations/problems involving friends and role-play or discuss the issues. You may also ask the students to list or discuss what methods are most effective when you want to solve problems in a friendship.
Workbook P85
Listening
a) Students will hear about problems friends may have and what can be done to solve such problems. The students are asked to write down the solutions mentioned on the tape and to think of other solutions. Ask the students to listen to the tape and write down the solutions suggested by the speaker. You can help the students prepare by first asking them to think about problems they may have had with their friends. The solutions mentioned on the tape are simple and general. Encourage the students to think of better, more specific solutions. What would they do if they had a quarrel with a friend? How do they talk to their friends about difficult things? How do they keep secrets from becoming rumours?
b) Listening text Everybody needs friends. But being a good friend can sometimes be hard work. Learning how to solve problems in a friendship can make you a better friend and a happier person. A common problem between friends is that they don’t know how to talk to each other about difficult things. When they do talk, they often get mad with each other. What can they do? Well, it takes time to learn how to communicate well, and it is important to understand why a friend gets angry with you when you say something. If you know what it is that makes your friend angry, then you can try to talk about the problem in a different way.
c) Another problem that many friends have to deal with is what to do after one of them gets angry or upset. If friends get angry with each other and say something bad because they are angry, they often find it difficult to apologize after the quarrel. The best way to apologize after a quarrel is simply to start by telling each other that you are sorry and then go from there. A simple apology is often enough and is a good starting point. What about friends who can’t keep a secret? Sometimes it seems impossible to keep a secret from becoming a rumour that everyone knows. Shouldn’t a good friend be able to keep a secret? Perhaps, but it is not always that easy to keep a secret, and telling a secret to someone will often put them in a difficult situation - they may have to lie to other friends to keep the secret. The best way to make sure that a secret doesn’t become a rumour is simply to keep it to yourself - don’t tell anyone.
d) Answers to Exercise 1
e) Problem: Friends get angry with each other when they try to talk about something difficult.
f) Solution: Try to understand your friend/Try to talk about the problem in a different way.
g) Problem: Friends don’t know how to apologize.
h) Solution: Start by telling each other that you are sorry and take it from there. A simple apology is often enough.
i) Problem: Some friends don’t know how to keep secrets.
Solution: Keep your secrets to yourself.
Step 3 Speaking
The students will use the information about the people on SB page 2 to talk about likes and dislikes and to practice giving reasons for their opinions. Tell the students to work in pairs. Ask the students to complete the chart on page SB page 3 and then use the answers to talk about who could be friends and what they like or dislike. Ask each pair to decide who could be friends and give reasons for their decisions. When they have made their decision, ask them to compare and debate their ideas with other pairs. Encourage different answers, including strange ones.
P3 work in pairs
Name John Steve Peter Ann Sarah Joe
Age 15 14 15 16 14
Gender boy boy boy girl girl boy
Likes football skiing singing dancing reading novels surfing the
reading singing rock music computers football Internet
reading computer rock music singing rock music
skiing
Dis- singing hiking football hiking rock music football
ikes computers football classical music dancing dancing hiking
rock music rock music dancing classical music computer
Extension The students are asked to make a list of famous people or people they know. The students then use the list to identify likes and dislikes and characteristics and try to determine who could be friends.
Step 4. Talking Workbook P85
The students are given role cards based on three situations where friends are having problems. They are asked to act out the situations with the “useful expressions”. They are also asked to think of a fourth situation, prepare role cards for it, and act it out. Let the students role-play in pairs. Remind them that they should not write down a dialogue and then simply read the dialogue. Instead, they should try to act out the situation without rehearsing it. If they find it difficult to get started, you can let them prepare by practising part of a situation. You can also help by modeling part of a situation.
Extension Friends often help each other. Ask the students to work in pairs and list examples of situations where friends can help each other. The students can then write role cards for the situations and act out in pairs.
Step 5. Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Unit1 in the workbook.
(2) Revise the key points of this unit.
(3)List the friend they get to know in class and write down some thing they want to know.
Evaluation of teaching:
The Second Period
Teaching objectives
1. Develop the students’ comprehension of explorative passages, especially their ability of analyzing the structure of such kind of articles.
2. Offer the students chances of self-culture by working in groups and seeking information about the film out-
side the class.
3. Infuse the students with basic knowledge about the friend and friendship
4. Learn some words and useful expressions from the text.
Teaching Approach
1.Communicative Approach should be used throughout the class. Stress should be laid on:
2.Learner-centeredness; learning-centeredness
3.Task-based learning
4.Activity-based teaching (class work; individual work; group work)
Teaching type: Reading comprehension
Teaching Procedure
Step 1. Report in class A student is asked to report something interesting he or she picks up from
newspaper or magazines.
Step 2.Review and check Ss have a word dictation and check their homework in workbook
Exercise 2 Suggested sample sentences
1) My friend Alan is brave. He once saved the life of a little girl who had fallen into a lake.
2) My friend Bob is loyal. He wouldn’t talk to Charles whom I don’t like at all.
3) My friend David is wise. He always gives me the best advice.
4) My friend George is a handsome boy, but he doesn’t like to study and always dreams of becoming a model.
5) My friend Harry is a smart student. He always asks good questions in class.
Step 3 Pre-reading Ss are asked to listen to the tape and find the things they are using or talking about.
Practising on P87 vocabulary
1 “The books are too heavy! I think it’s going to break.”
2 “Oh no! I forgot where I put it! I have written down all the important phone numbers.”
3 “Yum! You have bought it at last. We can have fried fish for dinner. Mmm … I can’t wait to put this fish in it. ”
4 “Hands up! Don’t move or I’ll shoot. Give me all your money!”
5 “Ooooh! I look very nice in this new dress!!!”
6 A: I think we’re lost. What should we do now? B: Don’t worry. I have it here and I know how to use it.
7 “Ouch! I hit myself with it.”
8 A: Hurry up! It’s so dark here. I can’t see anything.
9 “It is shaking badly. Am I going to die? Help! … Oh, thank God!”
10 “I feel sad when it comes to the part in which the two friends become enemies.”
Answers 1 rope 2 notebook 3 pan 4 gun 5 mirror 6 compass 7 hammer 8 match 9 airplane 10 movie
Get the students to think about what it would be like to be alone on a deserted island. The activity is not direct linked to a reading strategy or a structure in the reading, but is intended to be used as a preliminary activity related to the previous parts of the unit. The pre-reading exercise also gives the students an opportunity to practise giving opinions and making decisions.
Explain the situation to the students and give them time to think about what they would bring. The activity should generate different choices and opinions, thus making it a good opportunity for discussion. Tell the students to work in groups. Ask them to describe the usefulness of each item in the box and then decide on the three most useful ones. Make sure that each group member gets an opportunity to speak. Encourage the students to use the structures I think… because…/ I could use it to…/ it could be used to …/ …would be more important than … because … Ask one student from each group to write their answers on the blackboard. Compare answers from different groups and have a short discussion. e.g. 1.I think a knife would be the most useful item, because I could use it to kill animals and cut the meat. It could also be used to cut wood. 2.I also think a box of matches would be useful because I could use the matches to make fire. If I had a fire, I could cook food, stay warm and keep wild animals away. More importantly, if someone saw the fire, they would come and save me. 3.I think a book would be more useful than a radio, because you don’t need batteries to read. And when I read, I would learn about life and the world and forget my loneliness.
Extension 1: Ask the students to think about how the things could help them in other situations, for example, if they were lost in a desert or a forest. Extension 2: Let the students talk about how they would feel in an extreme situation. How would they feel if they were alone on a deserted island? (angry, desperate, lonely, hungry, worried, hopeful, happy, afraid etc.) What would they do to try to overcome these feelings? Extension 3: Ask the students if they have read books or seen movies about island life, for example, Robinson Crusoe, Cast Away, Six days and Seven Nights, etc. How did the main characters survive? How were they rescued? Extension 4 After the discussion, you can ask the students to consider the similarities and differences between spiritual and materialistic needs, i.e. the things we need and the social interaction we need.
Step 4 Reading Listen to tape and finish the following items
CHUCK’S FFRIEND
Background information on the reading :The film Cast Away, starring Tom Hanks, depicts a man’s struggle with solitude and his journey towards self-knowledge. The film shows us how Chuck, a busy manager who never has “enough time,” ends up on an island with nothing but time. He manages to survive on the island and he realizes the importance of friends and friendship. The text, summarized below, describes his experience and the lessons he learns from his unusual friend, a volleyball he calls Wilson.
Guess the meaning of a word or phrase in the text, tell them to mark the word or phrase. Ask the students to list words or phrases that they don’t know. Explain important ones if necessary, but try offering more context of certain words until the students can guess the meaning. Don’t spend too much time going through the new words.
Suggestion for teaching some of the vocabulary of the reading text:
Item Strategy What it means
What is the text about? CLUES The picture shows a man who lives like a wild man, alone. He has to take care of himself. The title says that the text is about Chuck’s friend.
What is the text about? WORLD KNOWLEDGE If I look at the picture and read the story, I may recall other stories about a man living alone on an island, e.g. Robinson Crusoe. In those stories, the man has to learn to find water and food and take care of himself.
What kind of words will be used? GENRE The reading passage is a sort of film review, so I can guess the text will use words about stories, characters, acting and perhaps unusual things that do not exist in the real world.
Cast Away CLUES Form) + SKIP + CLUES (Context) +LOOK UP The words are in italics, so I know that it must be the name of a film or a book. I can probably skip the word and look it up in the dictionary later. If I read the text I will learn that the film is about a man who has to live alone on an island, away from his friends, because of an accident, so I can guess that “Cast Away” refers to the man in the story and his situation. The dictionary says to be left alone on an island after your ship has sunk.
play GENRE +CONTEXT Tom Hanks is a famous actor. He “plays” a man named Chuck Noland in the film Cast Away. I can guess that plays means acts.
survive CONTEXT +WORLDKNOWLEDGE When airplanes crash (fall down), most people die. If, like Chuck, they don’t die, they go on living, so I can guess that to survive means to go on living.
deserted CONTEXT The text tells me that Chuck lands on a deserted island. The text also tells me that there are no people on the island, so I can guess that a deserted place means a place where there are no people.
challenge CONTEXT The text tells me that there are different challenges in Chuck’s life - he has to collect water, hunt for food, and learn to survive without friends. I can guess that a challenge is something difficult that you have to do.
share CONTEXT +LOOKUP I know that I like to talk to my friends when I am happy or sad. If I am sad, talking to a friend makes me feel better. I can guess that “to share” happiness or sorrow means something like “tell others about how I feel” or “make others understand how I feel”. The dictionary says that share means to have the same interest or feeling as someone else.
unusual FORM I know that usual means “something that happens all the time” or “normal.” If I know that the prefix “un-“ means not, I can guess that unusual means not normal or strange.
such as CONTEXT A lucky pen and a diary are examples of favourite objects, so I can guess that such as means for example or “like.”
Summary Ask them to look at the picture and ask one student to point to the picture and retell the main idea of the text.
1 Chuck Noland, a successful businessman, lands on a deserted island after a plane crash.
2 Chuck has to learn basic survival skills on the island. In order to cope with his loneliness, Chuck develops a friendship with a volleyball he calls Wilson.
3 Five years’ life on the island teaches Chuck the importance of having friends and being a good friend. Wilson may just be a volleyball, but their friendship is real and in some ways better than Chuck’s friendships in the past.
4 Human friends and unusual friends are important in our life. Friends and friendship help us understand who we are and how we should behave.
Step 5 Post-reading Exx on Page 4 Ask the students to answer questions about the story. e.g. How can a volleyball become Chuck’s friend? What does Chuck learn about himself when he is alone on the island?
Suggested answers to the questions
1 He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. More importantly, he has to learn to live without friends.
2 He has learnt a lot about himself when he is alone on the island. For example, he has come to realize that friendship is important in his life, that he hasn’t been a good friend, and that he should care more about his friends. (The students may also use present tense, e.g. He learns a lot about himself. He realizes that…)
3 Open for discussion. The students can list basic survival skills.
4 Let the students discuss the question in groups. The question can be discussed in the form of a role-play where each student represents one of the four people and has to persuade the others that he or she should be given the parachute.
5.Have a short discussion about one or more ideas in the text:
1 ) What can we do to be good friends even if we are very busy?
2 ) Does a successful man or woman need friends?
3 ) The text talks about “giving” and “taking.” How do friends give and take?
4 ) What do friends teach us?
5 ) Is it better to have a human friend or an unusual friend such as a volleyball, a pen or a dog?
Step 6 Language study Key to “Word study”:
1 honest, 2 classical 3 sorrow/unhappiness 4 argue/quarrel/disagree 5 loyal/good/true
6 hunt for 7 fond of/interested in 8 brave/fearless 9 in order to/ so as to 10 smart
Student-centered vocabulary learning:
It is very important for students to make their own choices and decisions about what they learn. You can help your students by letting them practise making such choices and decisions.
Give the students a few minutes to make a list of words and expressions from the text that they want to learn. The list should not be too long.
Ask the students to show their list to a partner and explain why they chose these words or expressions.
There are many ways to help the students deal with new words. Begin by letting the students try on their own. If the students can discover the meaning of new words themselves-either by using clues, pair work, or group discussion they are more likely to develop a better understanding of the word. More importantly, the process will help them develop strategies and skills that they can use when they encounter new words. The teacher is responsible for providing guidance and assistance. Give the students time, help as little as possible and in a gradual way. Try to model and encourage positive behaviour-the best way to help is to provide clues and examples. If you “explain” the word or simply translate it, you are not giving the students an opportunity to learn.
1 Encourage the students to try different ways to fix the words in their minds.
2 Some words may have different meanings. You can help the students decide which meaning fits the context.
Unit 1 背景材料:Cast Away 荒岛余生
汤姆汉克斯曾以《费城故事》和《阿甘正传》连续两度获奥斯卡最佳男演员奖殊荣,为自己和别人树立了两座高不可攀的丰碑。经历了一段时间的低潮后,他又再度与赞米基斯(《阿甘正传》的导演)合作,凭借《荒岛余生》一片获得第七十三届奥斯卡最佳男演员奖提名。可惜的是,此奖颁给了罗素克罗(《角斗士》)。据说,奥斯卡评委们是不会让同一个人在十年之内三度称帝的。但汤姆汉克斯的演技可以说无可挑剔。为演好此角,他甚至将体重减少了几十斤。如果你有兴趣,可以找来此片一睹被遗弃荒岛前后判若两人的汤姆汉克斯的模样。
Chuck Noland, who lives in Memphis, is an operation manager at FedEx, an express mailing company. He is hardworking and particularly time-conscious.1 He believes that time is everything: cosmos,2 fortune and misfortune; time is also capable of doing everything, creating and destroying human beings. He has a girlfriend named Kelly Frears, who works at a chemical lab. They love each other very much, though Chuck travels a lot and rarely stays at home. It is Christmas season now. Chuck gets back home and Kelly is very happy to see him. However Chuck is so tired after his business trip to Russia, he is fast asleep when Kelly turns off TV and is about to go to bed.
On Christmas Eve, Chuck, Kelly and his family are having dinner when Chuck's pager3 rings. Another assignment comes. Kelly does not like to see Chuck leave as it is Christmas time now. But Chuck has to go and promises to be back on New Year's Eve. Seeing Chuck off at the airport, Kelly gives him an old watch, inherited from her grandfather, with her photo in it. Chuck is moved and tells Kelly that he will hold on to it for the rest of his life. Then he gives Kelly a small pretty box, saying that this is something special for her and she shall open it on New Year's Eve.
On the way to his destination, the plane Chuck is flying on crashes in the sea due to a heavy storm and a mechanical failure. Fortunately Chuck survives and climbs onto a lifeboat4 after the crash. He still manages to get hold of the watch Kelly gives him.
It rains heavily. Chuck's boat is pushed ashore by waves and lands on a small island the next day. Now the two things he has, Kelly's watch and the pager, are his only possessions. He does not know where he is. There is nobody, not even animals. Chuck writes HELP on the beach with tree trunks. That night Chuck hears strange sound coming from the nearby trees. In the following days, hungry and thirsty, he collects FedEx parcels pushed ashore by waves. Suddenly he hears the strange sound again. He is terrified but then surprised to find the sound is from fallen coconuts.5 The struggle of opening them starts. After trying different ways for a long time, he finally is able to taste his first fruit of success.
One day, climbing onto the top of the mountain on the island, Chuck finds that it is a small and uninhabited island. All of a sudden he spots a man's body near the beach. It is one of the crew.6 Chuck pulls it ashore. With a mixed feeling of fear and sympathy, he hesitantly takes off the man's shoes and flashlight before burying him.
One night in the darkness, he finds a light from afar. It must be a ship. Chuck is very excited and he uses his flashlight for SOS signal. But it is of no use. The light is too weak to be noticed by people on the ship. The following day, Chuck tries to row the lifeboat to the ship. However, big waves turn his lifeboat upside down, and to make things worse, he is injured on the leg. That night there is a heavy thunderstorm. Chuck has to hide himself in a cave. He forgets to turn off the flashlight and the battery runs off.
As the hope of being saved is getting less and less, he faces challenges of survival. An idea strikes his mind, and he opens every and each parcel. Videotapes are thrown away and so are important commercial contracts and documents. A pair of skating shoes, a nightgown,7 and a volleyball are kept. The blades8 are used as knives for cutting, and the nightgown as fishing net. As for the volleyball, Chuck uses his blood to draw a man's face on it and names it “Wilson” who gives him spiritual comfort. He begins to talk to the “man” he has created and Wilson has become his company.
Next he has to start a fire. Without fire, he has not had any food or hot water for days except eating live fish and drinking rainwater and coconut juice. He gets some wood and works on it for a long time. He almost loses his hope until he discovers that air is important to start a fire. He drills the wood in the middle with a stick while blowing some air in between the two pieces. When a fire is finally made, Chuck sings and dances like a tribesman,9 happy for the first time after landing on the island. He has his first meal, a cooked crab.
Four years later, Chuck becomes an experienced primitive man. He still keeps his girlfriend's photo in his cave. Beside the photo, there stands another companion of his for those lonely years-Wilson. Chuck is so used to talking to Wilson, the volleyball, that he regards as his best friend. Once he throws away Wilson in anger and despair but only finds himself more lonely and desperate. So he searches for it and is very excited to get it back. Then he paints Wilson's face with his blood again so that Wilson has a new face.
One day, he finds a part of the plane on the shore, which gives him an idea. He cuts down the biggest tree on the island and makes it into a man's sculpture. He pulls it up to the highest point of the island and erects it there. Then he plans to build a raft and starts working on it.
Chuck at last completes his grandiose10 project and begins to row towards sea with his dear friend Wilson. At the moment of leaving his island on which he has lived for four years, a sense of sadness overwhelms11 him. He has somehow a special attachment to the island, feeling like leaving his sweet home.
On the journey to get back to the human world, he experiences dangers of sharks, thunderstorms, and despair of losing his best and only friend Wilson who accompanies him for the past terrible years. How many days have passed, he has no idea. One day, a large ship passes by and Chuck is finally saved.
However, his return is not a happy one. Kelly is married and has a daughter. She is so confused and lost about his return that it is hard for her to accept a man who has been “dead” for four years. Besides, her husband tries to convince her that not to see Chuck is in everyone's interest.
One rainy evening, Chuck cannot resist any longer the desire to see Kelly again. He goes to Kelly's in a taxi and knocks on her door. When Kelly shows him their car they used to drive, which she kept for all those years along with all their sweet memories, they are getting so emotional that they kiss each other. But Chuck cools down and asks Kelly to go back home.
Now Chuck comes back to his old self and starts working again. Having delivered the last parcel he has kept from the island, he suddenly senses a new beginning in his life.
1. time-conscious: 时间观念很强。 2. cosmos: 宇宙。3. pager: 传呼机。4. lifeboat: 救生船。5. coconut: 椰子。
6. crew: 全体机组人员。7. nightgown: (妇女的)睡衣。8. blades: (冰鞋的)冰刀。9. tribesman: 部落人。
10. grandiose: 宏大的。11. overwhelm: 使受不了,使不知所措。
Excerpts
Chuck Talks to a Friend about His Experience and Feeling on the Island
“We both had done the math, and Kelly added it all up. She knew she had to let me go. I added it up, knew that I'd lost her. 'Cause I was never gonna get off that island. I was gonna die there, totally alone. I mean, I was gonna get sick or get injures. The only choice I had, the only thing I could control was when and how and where that was gonna happen. So I made a rope. And I went up to the summit to hang myself. But I had to test it, you know? Of course. You know me. And the weight of the log snapped* the limb of the tree. So I-I-I couldn't even kill myself the way I wanted to. I had power over nothing. And that's when this feeling came over me like a warm blanket. I knew somehow that I had to stay alive. Somehow I had to keep breathing, even though there was no reason to hope. And all my logic said that I would never see this place again. So that's what I did. I stayed alive. I kept breathing. And then one day that logic was proven all wrong because the tide came in, gave me a sail. And now, here I am. I'm back in Memphis, talking to you. I have ice in my glass. And I've lost her all over again. I'm so sad that I don't have Kelly. But I'm so grateful that she was with me on that island. And I know what I have to do now. I gotta keep breathing. Because tomorrow, the sun will rise. Who knows what the tide could bring?”
Step 7 Language points Now read the text and explain the following language points if necessary.
1. practise
e.g. We practiced pronouncing the sound again and again.
e.g. Don’t forget to practise after class.
e.g. I practise playing the piano every day.
2. What’s… like?
e.g.--- What is the play like?---Wonderful.
e.g.He seems like an honest man.
3. make sb /th sb/adj./prep…
e.g.A good friend is someone who makes me happy.
e.g.Annie made her diary her best friend.
e.g. They made me repeat the story.
e.g.What made you think so?
e.g He raised his voice to make himself heard.
4. nor//so倒装 +do/does/should/has…+主语
nor 表示否定意义,用肯定形式.
e.g. I don’t know,nor do I care.
e.g. His brother doesn’t like soccer,nor does he.
So 表肯定意义,用肯定形式
e.g.Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.
e.g.They had a good time last night, so did I.
So it is/was with +主语
e.g.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with Engles.
e.g.John likes Chinese but he is not good at it. So it is with Mary.
5. bore, bored ,boring
e.g. He bored us all by talking for hours about his new car.
e.g. She bored with her present job.
e.g. Jimmy could never understand why so many people found golf boring.
6. interest ,interested, interesting
e.g. She has much interest in music and dance.
e.g. I don’t know what interests him indeed.
e.g. I found him greatly interested in poems.
e.g. I don’t think the joke interesting enough.
7. alone.,lonely
e.g. I was alone in the room.
e.g. He feels quite lonely sometimes.Because he has no friends.
e.g.They brought him into a lonely house.
e.g.Crusoe felt lonely when he was alone on the lonely island.
8. regard …as
e.g. We regarded their pets as members of their families.
e.g.We can’t regard the matter as settled.
Step 8. Homework
(1) workbook P88 Reading Many-flavored friends.
(2) Revise the key points of this Unit.
Evaluation of teaching:
The Third Period
Teaching aims and demands
1. The students are asked to master the Grammar :Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
2. Integrating Skill: reading
3. Oral practice: manipulate oral practice relevant to the reading material.
Key points: grammar and reading
Teaching methods: Reading -Sentence structure----explanation
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the key points of the previous lesson.
Step 2. Presentation To ask the Ss pre-writing the following sentences and check them in class.
1.“Today is Thursday” the teacher said.
2. “I’m going to play football.”Tom said.
3. “He lived in New York” Tom told me.
4. “The moon foes around the earth.”he said.
5. “He wanted to go out for lunch today.”his father said..
6. “He has been here for six years” Mr Li told me.
7. “ I will be here for one year.” I said to Mr Li.
8. “You come here quickly.” he ordered.
9.She said to me, “I will ask for some paper”.
10.They asked: “Why did you come here so late?”
Step 3. Grammar Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
Brief explanation of “Direct Speech and Indirect Speech” (1): Statements & Questions
* use Direct Speech when you want to show the exact words someone said or wrote. Use quotation marks to show that you are reporting the exact words a person used and a reporting clause to include information about the speaker and the situation.
e.g. “I had a great time at the picnic,” she told her mum.
(the direct speech) (the reporting clause)
*The reporting clause may come before, within, or after the direct speech. When the reporting clause comes after the direct speech, the order of the subject and the verb may be changed, e.g. Jane said/said Jane. This typically happens when the reporting clause is within the reported speech and the subject is not a pronoun.
e.g. Jane said, “I got a new e-pal. He is from Germany.”
“I got a new e-pal,” Jane said / said Jane / she said, “He is from Germany.”
“I got a new e-pal. He is from Germany,” Jane said / said Jane / she said.
* Use a comma to connect the direct speech and the reporting clause.
* When you change a sentence from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech, you sometimes need to change the verb tense. You may also need to change pronouns in order to keep the same meaning.
DIRECT SPEECH à INDIRECT SPEECH
present past
past past or past perfect
present perfective past perfect
past perfective past perfect
e.g. “I’ll take care of you,” Chuck said. à Chuck said he would take care of him.
“Did you get e-mails from your friends?” she asked. à She asked if I had got e-mails from my friends.
“Have you got any e-mails from your parents?” she asked. à She asked if I had got any e-mails from my parents.
*When you use Indirect Speech to report what someone said, you can sometimes change the exact words without changing what the speaker actually said.
e.g Wilson asked, “How long have we been in this place?”à Wilson asked how long you had been here.
Answers to Grammar Exercise 1
1 The visitor said that he was very glad to visit our factory.
2 “I don’t like American movies very much,” the woman said to / told us.
3 Uncle Wang said that there was something wrong with the front wheel.
4 The teacher said to the students, “We are going to have a meeting at three o’clock.”
5 The students asked when they should go outing that autumn.
6 “I’ll try to finish reading the book by the end of this week,” she said.
7 The daughter told her father that mum had gone to the supermarket.
8 “Are you going to mail the gifts to your parents?” Sara’s friend asked her.
9 Tom asked Bob why he had been so excited that day.
10 “How can I solve the problem?” Sandra asked her friend.
Step 4 Post-reading : Grammar Exercise 2
In this exercise, the students have to imagine that they are helping Chuck “hear” what Wilson “says.” The students use Chuck’s answers to guess what Wilson is asking and then write down the question as reported speech. Let the students look at the example and point out that they don’t need to change the verb tense. When they have completed the written part of the exercise, they can use the questions and answers to talk to each other.
Answers to Grammar Exercise 2:
Chuck: I know, I know. You are angry with me. You think we should wait longer, but we have waited long enough already.
Wilson: Why do you want to leave this island?
You: Chuck, Wilson asks why you want to leave this island.
Chuck: I want to leave the island because I miss my friends.
Wilson: Am I not your friend?
You: Chuck, Wilson asks whether or not he is your friend.
Chuck: Yes, you are my friend, but I miss the others.
Wilson: How long have we been here?
You: Chuck, Wilson asks how long you have been here.
Chuck: We have been here for almost five years.
Wilson: How will we leave?
You: Chuck, Wilson asks how you will leave.
Chuck: How will we leave? We will wait for the wind to change. Then we will go out over the reef.
Wilson: That might be dangerous.
You: Chuck, Wilson says that might be dangerous.
Chuck: Yes, it might be dangerous, but we have to try. We can’t stay here any longer.
Wilson: Will you take care of me?
You: Chuck, Wilson asks if you will take care of him.
Chuck: Of course I will take care of you.
Wilson: I’m scared, Chuck.
You: Chuck, Wilson says he is scared.
Chuck: I’m scared, too.
Step 5 Workbook :Answers to Exercise 1:
1 Mary told Yang Mei that she was doing a biology experiment then.
2 Mary told Yang Mei that she was not free that day.
3 Mary told Yang Mei that she must / had to finish her paper that week.
4 Mary told Yang Mei that she would have to stay in the lab until the next day.
5 Mary told Yang Mei that she was going to write a report the next week.
6 Mary told Yang Mei that she had watched a very interesting TV programme the day before.
7 Mary told Yang Mei that She must / had to wait there that afternoon.
8 Mary asked Yang Mei if she would go to the Students’ Club that afternoon.
9 Mary told Yang Mei that she had visited her teacher the day before.
10 Mary asked Yang Mei who was going to study abroad the next year.
Answers to Exercise 2:
Sept 1, Monday
It’s my first day in senior high school. Mother told me to get up early. Father asked me to tie my hair up. I told myself not to worry too much.
When I arrived at school, I ran into my friend Joanna. She said I looked great. (1)I asked her where she had spent her holiday. (2)She said that she had gone to Shanghai and it had been wonderful. (3)She also asked me if I had enjoyed my holiday.
We went to the classroom for our first lesson. (4)Mr Yu asked us if we had had a pleasant holiday. (5)Then he said that he wanted to get to know us, and he asked us to write a short description of ourselves. I wrote it in English. When Mr Yu read it, (6)he said it was well-written.
After school I went back home. I told my parents about my first day in school. (7)They told me that they were proud of me.
1 “Where did you spend your holiday?” I asked /said to her.
2 “I went to Shanghai and it was wonderful,” she said.
3 “Did you enjoy your holiday?” she asked / said.
4 “Did you have a pleasant holiday?” Mr Yu asked us.
5 “I want to get to know you. Could you please write down a short description of yourselves?” he said.
6 “It’s well written,” he said.
7 “We are proud of you,” they said to me.
Answers to Exercise 3
1 Change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech and Indirect Speech into Direct Speech.
1 Hu Ming, the manager says that they run that restaurant to make friends.
2 “We are unhappy about this,” the students’ parents said.
3 Hu Ming says, “A teacher has already told me that I should spend more time on study.”
4 “Running a business takes a lot of time,” all the managers say.
5 Liu Tao says that they don’t have the money to hire enough waiters or waitresses, so they do most of the work themselves.
6 Another boy tells me that sometimes they have to skip classes to keep an eye on the restaurant.
7 “We are doing OK,” Liu Tao says.
Step 6 Homework
(1) Finish off the work in work book
(2) change the 10 sentences into indirect speech
(3) Try to write a news story in about 100 words on page 88
(4) Revise the grammar on page 178 to page 180
Evaluation of teaching:
The Fourth Period
Teaching aims and demands
1. Integrating Skill
2. Grammar and writing
3. Get the students to write an email
Key points: 1. Useful expressions; 2.writing 3.grammar
Teaching methods: Written practice and grammar.
Teaching procedures
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the work exercises.
(2)A test for unit 1
To get the students to Review the grammar and write the passage on page 88
Pal Restaurant is one of the many restaurants where people come to eat, drink, talk and enjoy music. It is different from other restaurants because its owners are a group of college students. “We run this restaurant to make friends,” says the manager, Hu Ming.
But the students’ parents say that they are unhappy about this. “We can’t stop them but we want them to put study in the first place.” Teachers do not support them, either. Hu Ming says that a teacher has already told him that he should spend more time on study.
All the managers say that running a business takes a lot of time. “We don’t have the money to hire enough waiters or waitresses, so we do most of the work ourselves,” says Liu Tao. “Sometimes we have to skip classes to keep an eye on the restaurant,” says another boy.
But Liu Tao says they are doing OK.
3 Answers may vary. Possible titles/headlines include “Study First or Business First?” “Students Running Bar”
Step 2. Integrating Skill
Instruction: The reading describes different kinds of friends. Let the students read the first paragraph and answer questions 1-3, then ask them to think of words that can be used to describe the different kinds of friends. You can also tell the students to choose words from the “5-star friend” activity in the student’s book.
Extension What does it take to make a friendship work? The students can work in groups and select one kind of friendship described in the reading and think about the advantages and disadvantages of such a friendship. What problems might arise? How could they be solved? (The students can refer to the listening activity).
Suggested answers
1 C
2 A fair-weather friend will only like you when you are happy and popular; a forever friend is a true friend and will help you when you are in trouble.
3 List the characteristics of each kind of friend:
A fair-weather friend only likes you when you are happy and popular, doesn’t help you when you have problems. (students can add more)
A school friend studies and plays together with you, sees you in school. (students can add more)
A forever friend knows everything about you, always listens to you. (students can add more)
4 Sarah helped Janet overcome her shyness and deal with her classmates. Janet helped Sarah study math.
5 Answers may vary.
6 You can make friends with people from other countries by reading e-pal/pen pal ads in newspapers or on the Internet.
7 One of the advantages of having friends in other countries is that you can learn more about the world. You can also learn more about other languages and cultures. There are a few disadvantages, including the fact that it can be difficult to be friends if you live far away from each other.
8 Answers may vary. One possible interpretation is that all the people around us could be our friends; friendship is a two-way relationship and it takes work and patience to develop a good friendship.
Step 3 Writing
Ask the students to read the e-mail and find out what the girl wants to know more about. Tell the students to think about what they want to tell the girl. As a pre-writing activity, the students can list the things they want to include in the e-mail. When the students have written the e-mail, you can compare what they have written.
ASSESSING
A learner log is a set of questions that will help the students to reflect on how and what they have learnt. The students are asked to rate their “comfort level” and summarize what they have learnt. You can use this as an activity in class or let the students complete the log at home. Throughout the book we offer different assessment tools and we recommend that you try as many of them as possible. Learner logs and other similar assessment tools are simple to use and have a positive effect on the students’ learning and learning habits over time. The students may find it difficult to answer the questions at first, but if you use the log consistently it will help the students pay more attention to their learning strategies and set better goals. Once the students are used to the format and expectations, you can use the learner log and other assessment activities in combination with discussion and goal-setting activities.
Step 4. Post -INTEGRATING SKILLS
Ask the students to read the e-mail ads in Unit 1 and choose one to reply to. Before the students start writing, they should think about what they want to write.
Extension Use real e-pal ads from the Internet and let the students find a real e-pal from another country. If your students do not have easy access to the Internet, you can simply copy more e-pal ads and bring them to class.
Sample E-mail
Hi Jane:
My name is Xiao Fei and I come from Hunan. Hunan is in the south of China. I am a middle school student and I like speaking English. I read your e-pal ad and I would like to be your e-pal. You wrote that you like rock music. Can you tell me what bands you like? Have you ever heard any Chinese rock bands? You also wrote that you like talking and joking around. I do too! I think you and I can be good friends. Please send me an e-mail as soon as possible.
Xiao Fei
Assessment Criteria:
An e-mail is less formal than a letter and more formal than speaking. A good response to the e-pal ads should include information about who you are and where you are from. Try to encourage the students to use indirect speech to refer to the e-pal ad.
Step 5. Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises in the workbook.
(2)Write an email into my email-box.
(3) Summary the key points in this unit
Evaluation of teaching:
The Fifth period Students have an Integrating examination
The Sixth period Teachers comment the examination and Review the unit.
篇8:高一下册政治教案
一、教学目标:
知识目标::识记影响消费的因素,消费类型的三种主要分类及其含义,消费结构的含义,恩格尔系数的含义。理解过去、当前和未来收入的高低与消费水平的关系,收入分配状况与消费水平的关系;物价变动对人们消费的影响;钱货两清消费、贷款消费和租赁消费的异同点,恩格尔系数变化的意义。收集资料,了解改革开放以来我国居民消费结构发生了什么样的变化,并初步说明我国居民消费结构变动的原因。
能力目标::引导学生把模糊的感性认识上升到理论高度,学会从多层面、多角度看“影响消费的因素”;引导学生发掘不同消费类型的差别;让学生收集资料,了解我国消费结构的变化趋势,从而增强学生关注现实生活的能力及动手能力。
情感、态度价值观:引导学生通过对自己家庭生活消费水平迅速提高的感受,结合我国恩格尔系数走势图的分析,激发学生热爱生活、拥护改革开放政策的热情,增强民族自豪感。
二、教学重点:
影响消费的因素、消费结构
三、教学难点:
贷款消费
四、教学方法:讨论法、讲授法、练习法。
五、教具准备:练习卡。
六、课时安排:一课时。
七、教学过程设计:
(一)导入新课
房价导入(房子的价格,楼盘的位置,开发商的宣传效果)
二、教学新课:
(一)、影响消费的因素教学:把学生分成a、b两组,设置情境,让学生分小组讨论。
1、问题1:(a组)假设你所在的家庭是一个三口,你是家里的“财政部长”,每月的家庭收入是800元,你怎么分配各项家庭支出?请设计出分配具体的方案。
(b组)假设你所在的家庭是一个三口,你是家里的“财政部长”,每月的家庭收入是-元,你怎么分配各项家庭支出?请设计出分配具体的方案。
学生充分讨论设计出方案后,每组一个同学发言,把他的设计方案告诉所有同学,教师记录在黑板上。
例如: a组 b组
1000元 -元
食物:500元 食物:600元
衣服:100元 衣服:200元
水电煤气:100元 水电煤气:100元
教育费(请家教、买书):30元 教育费(请家教、买书):100元存:270元 旅游:400 保姆:500元
存:100元
问:两组的消费一样吗?(不一样,b组消费水平高一些。)为什么?(收入不一样。) 结论:当前的收入影响消费水平。
问题2:现在a、b组家庭收入不变,但从下个月起,a组家庭父母涨工资,月收入将为-元,而b组同学父母有一个下岗,家庭收入变为800元。问:你本月的支出计划会怎样改变?学生发言,教师记录。
例如: a组 b组
1000元 -元
食物:600元 食物:600元
衣服:200元 衣服:100元
水电煤气:100元 水电煤气:100元
教育费(请家教、买书):30元 教育费(请家教、买书):50元
存:70元 娱乐:100 存:1050元
学生讨论发言后,教师记录并引导学生分析其中的变化原因。
结论:未来收入预期影响消费水平。
小结:收入是消费的基础和前提。在其他条件不变的情况下,人们可支配的收入越多,对各种商品和服务的消费量就越大。
2、问题3:假如有甲乙两个社会:甲社会有两个富人,月收入各是30万元,但有100个穷人,月收入只有500元。乙社会也是102个人,但他们的月收入水平都在2500~3000元之间,差距不大。 问:空调、洗衣机等消费品在哪个社会里的消费量大?为什么?结论:收入差距影响社会的总体消费水平
3、问题4:如果a、b组的家庭收入不变,还是800元和-元,而物价上涨了20%。你的分配方案会作怎样的改变呢?
学生讨论发言后,教师记录并引导学生分析其中的变化原因。
结论:物价影响消费水平。
4、问题4:除了居民的收入和消费品的价格外,还有其他因素能影响到人们的消费吗?
结论:商品的性能、外观、质量、包装等也能影响到消费。
篇9:高一下册政治教案
第一框题:消费及其类型
(一)、影响消费的因素
1、居民的收入对消费的影响。
① 居民当前收入高低对其消费的影响。
② 居民的未来收入预期对其消费的影响。
③ 居民之间收入差距的大小对社会总体消费水平的影响。
2、商品价格高低对消费的影响。
① 物价水平变动对居民购买力的影响。
② 基本生活消费品和奢侈品受物价变动影响的程度有所不同。
(二)、消费的类型
1、按照产品类型,可以分为有形商品消费和劳务消费。
2、按照交易方式,可以分为钱货两清消费、贷款消费和租赁消费。
3、按照消费的目的,分为生存资料消费、发展资料消费和享受资料消费。
(三)、消费结构
1、消费结构的含义。
2、恩格尔系数的含义。
3、恩格尔系数大小与消费结构变化的关系。
课堂练习:
1、 下列选项中,影响消费的主要因素有
①家庭可支配收入 ②商品的价格 ③商品的质量与性能 ④商品的售后服务
a① b①② c①②③ d①②③④
2、下列选项中属于劳务消费内容的是:
a、吃、穿、住、用、行
b、跳舞、唱歌、贷款买房
c、理发、美容、就医
d、服装、化妆、打保龄球
3、消费可以分为钱贷两清的消费、贷款消费和租赁消费,这种划分的依据是
a、消费品耐用程度不同
b、消费品类型不同
c、交易方式不同
d、消费的目的不同
4、从1979~-年,我国城市居民消费的恩格尔系数大幅下降,其原因是
a、我国城市居民消费水平提高
b、改革开放促进了我国经济快速发展
c、贷款消费进入了人们的日常生活
d、消费品质量有了明显提高
5、辨析题:有人认为,货款消费是“用明天的钱,圆今天的梦”,是超前消费。
高一下册政治教案
篇10:高一下册政治教案
1,在刚才的设计方案中,食物、衣、水电煤气等都是有形的具体产品,旅游、保姆等是无形的服务。我们把这些消费按产品的类型进行划分,前者是有形商品消费,后者是劳务消费。
按产品的类型分:有形商品消费和劳务消费。
2,按消费的目的进行划分,衣服、食物是满足人们较低层次的衣食住行的需要的,属于生存资料消费;请家教、参加培训班、买书是为了满足发展需要的,属于发展资料消费;旅游是为了追求身心愉悦的,属于享受资料消费。
按消费的目的分:生存资料消费、发展资料消费、享受资料消费。
3,我们生活中很多的消费都是一手交钱,一手交货,这属于钱货两清的交易方式消费。但是如果我们想买大房子(高档汽车),钱货两清意味着我们要等积够了钱之后才能有新房子住。
在我们周围,买房子除了钱货两清,还可以以什么方式买房子呢?(贷款消费)
(1)、含义:是指消费者向银行和其他金融机构借款,用于购买 住房、汽车等耐用消费品或教育、医疗、旅游等消费性支出的一种形式。
(2)、特点:① 以信用为基础,消费者与贷款的金融机构形成 信贷关系,按照约定到期还贷付息。② 主要用于购买大件耐用消费品以及大额服务。从所设计的探究活动中的漫画,引出“先储蓄后消费”和“先消费后还款”两种消费行为,让学生们在课堂上讨论:怎样看待这两种消费方式?老师帮助总结:二者并无好坏之分,各自适用的情况不同,再列举何种情况下用前者,何种情况下用后者,如在收入前景稳定的情况下,大宗商品的购买可以考虑贷款消费。
(3)、区别:消费品的所有权和使用权是逐渐转移的。
(4)、作用:①、从消费者个人的角度讲,它能满足消费者的生活需要,提高生活质量。 ②、从社会经济角度讲,贷款消费能促进生产,推动经济的发展,拉动经济增长,并且对提高社会的信用意识、法制观念有积极的作用。
(5)、注意:①、要转变传统消费观念,以积极的态度来对待贷款消费,在理智消费的指导下,通过贷款消费满足当前的消费需求,提高生活质量。②、选择贷款消费时要考虑自己的偿还能力,应该把贷款的数额控制在自己的还贷能力之内。③、要讲究信用、按时还贷。
如果有些农民工买不起房子,家又离得远,于是就出现了租房子这么一个现象,这是以什么方式进行消费呢?(租赁消费)
按消费方式分:钱货两清的消费(一手交钱一手交货)、贷款消费(花明天的钱圆今天的梦)、租赁消费(只在乎曾经拥有,不在乎天长地久)。
4、钱货两清的消费、贷款消费和租赁消费的比较:
消费类型
适用范围
所有权和使用权转移情况
钱货两清的消费
生活中大部分商品
所有权和使用权,刻发生转移
贷款消费
收入稳定、积蓄较少的人购买的大宗商品
所有权逐步转移,用权即刻转移
租赁消费
暂时使用的商品
所有权不转移,用权即刻转移
(三)、消费结构教学
1、根据前面的某一个设计,让学生计算各项支出在总支出中所占的比例。
消费结构:反映人们各类消费支出在消费总支出中所占的比重。
例如:食物占50%;衣服占20%;其他占30%。
2、引导学生计算各次消费设计中食物支出占总支出的比例,进行比较,说明比例高收低不同时收入及其他消费的情况。
恩格尔系数:食品支出占家庭总支出的比重。
恩格尔系数=食品支出费用/消费总支出费用_100%
限制:不能大于100%,因为食物不可以取代其他消费;不能小于0,因为食品消费不可能为0。
联合国粮农组织在21世纪70年代中期提出:
60%以上为绝对贫困国家;
50%—59%的国家为勉强度日(温饱型);
40%—49%为小康水平;
20%—39%为富裕水平;
20%以下为极富裕国家。
指导学生看课本22页的图表。分析得出:恩格尔系数减小,表明人们生活水平提高,消费结构改善。三、教学内容小结,指出重点、难点。
四、补充练习:辨析题:有人认为,货款消费是“用明天的钱,圆今天的梦”,是超前消费。
(要点:贷款消费的概念、内容、未来的收入及偿还能力)
板书设计:
篇11:初一政治第一单元教案
初一政治第一单元教案范例
教育目标
【情感、态度、价值观】
1、体会生命的可贵,培养珍爱生命、热爱生活的人生态度。
2、认识生命的价值,从日常的点滴做起实现人生的意义。
3、认识青春的美好,珍惜青春年华,激发创造有意义人生的热情。
【能力】
1、发展感受、体验生命的可贵和价值的能力。
2、初步提高运用法律保护自己的生命和健康的能力。
3、观察认识各种生命和自我生命的'独特性,提高观察事物、分析问题的能力。
【知识】
1、知道人类是自然界的一部分,认识生命的独特性。
2、知道法律保护公民的生命和健康不受侵害,了解法律对未成年人生命和健康的特殊保护。
3、知道生命的价值在于创造,懂得实现人生的意义应该从日常的点滴做起。
4、知道青春是美好的,懂得如何珍爱美好的青春年华。
第一课生命属于我们只有一次
重点难点分析
1、“人最宝贵的是生命”是本课的教学重点。因为珍惜生命教育(即生存意识教育)是生命教育的基础。只有认识到生命的可贵、生活的美好,才能珍爱生命,热爱生活。在现实生活中,许多人特别是一些青少年不能珍爱生命,不能善待生命,往往是因为没有认识到生命是宝贵的,没有体会到生活是多彩的。加强生命的宝贵性教育,则会增强学生的生命意识,增强珍爱生命、提升生命价值的自觉性。
2、“人类生命是独特的”是本课的教学难点。人类生命的独特性主要体现在其社会性上,如,生产劳动和创造力、在一定社会关系中生活、有思想等等,这些内容的讲述较为宏观,牵扯到一些概念也较为抽象,不好理解。另外,初一年级的学生抽象思维的能力较差,接受起来可能会有些困难。教学中应注意坚持理论联系实际的教学原则,化抽象为具体,以突破难点。
第一课时独特的自我生命
人最珍贵的是什么?
有没有不珍惜生命的事例?
他们的做法对吗?
什么是生命?
1、生命世界是丰富多彩的
生命包括动物、植物、人、微生物等
提问:同学们有没有养过小动物?
讨论:假如没有生命,世界将会怎样?
2、人类生命是独特的
人类生命与动物植物有什么不同?
(1)人类具有无限的创造力(与动物相比)
讨论:人类创造力的表现
(2)人生活在种种社会关系之中(狼孩的材料,说明不再社会中成长的人,根本不能算是人)
(3)人类有思想:有思想,能够有意识地能动地改造世界,这是人类所特有的本领。社会政治、经济、文化、艺术、教育等诸方面的发展就是人类有思想的直接、生动地体现。正因为有思想,人类才有法律、道德等行为规范,才有科学、文化、教育等方面的发展;正因为有思想,人类才不断的反思过去,重视现在,思考未来;正因为有思想,人类才关照自己,关心社会,关注世界。
3、自我生命有哪些独特性
学生发言,每个人的特点是什么?
文章赏析:
小结:依板书串讲
作业:做一次本地区的植物动物物种及其生存状况的调查,观察每个物种及每个生命个体的独特性,体会生命世界的神奇。
篇12:高一政治政治生活知识点教案(第一单元第一课)
高一政治政治生活知识点归纳教案(第一单元第一课)
高一政治政治生活知识点归纳教案1、政治与经济关系:经济是政治的基础;政治反作用于经济,政治是经济的集中表现,政治是为经济服务的。
2、我们当前最大的政治是:社会主义现代化建设。
3、政治的核心问题是:国家政权问题。
4、发展社会主义民主政治、建设社会主义政治文明最根本的是:要把党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国有机地统一起来。
第一单元:公民的政治生活
第一课生活在人民当家作主的国家
1、国家:是经济上占统治地位的阶级进行阶级统治的工具。阶级性是国家的根本属性。
2、我国国家性质(国体):中华人民共和国是工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政的社会主义国家。
国家性质的本质是:人民当家作主。(即人民民主专政的本质)
3、人民民主专政的最大特点:对占全国人口绝大多数的人民实行民主,对极少数敌视和破坏社会主义事业的敌对分子实行专政。
4、我国民主的特点:广泛性(表现在:民主主体和民主权利的广泛)
真实性(表现在:有制度、有法律、物质保障和人民利益日益充分实现上)
5、民主与专政的关系:辩证统一或对立统一
对立:民主只适用于人民内部(统治阶级内部),专政则适用于敌对势力.
统一:两者相辅相成、互为前提。民主是专政的基础,专政是民主的`保障。
民主的含义――指在一定阶级范围内(不是全民的),按照平等的原则和少数服从多数的原则来共同管理国家事务的国家制度。民主是与专制相对立的一种国家制度。(民主是相对的、具体的,不是绝对的)
篇13:第一单元复习
一、复习课文:
1、《找春天》一课仿写
(1)柳树抽出嫩绿的枝条,那是春天的头发吧?
(2)小鸟叽叽喳喳,那是春天的歌声吧?
2、《草》是(唐)朝的大诗人(白居易)写的,他写这首诗时才(16)岁。《草》这首诗原来的题目是《赋得古原草送别》。这首诗描写了(草顽强的生命力),诗中赞美小草顽强生命力的句子是(野火烧不尽,春风吹又生)。
3、《宿新市徐公店》描写了(六)种景物,分别是(篱落、径、树、儿童、黄蝶、菜花)。诗的前两行是(静态)描写,后两行是(动态)描写。描写儿童找不到蝴蝶的原因的诗句是(儿童急走追黄蝶,飞入菜花无处寻)。
4、《笋芽儿》一文中描写美好春光的句子是(桃花笑红了脸,柳树摇着绿色长的辫子,小燕子叽叽喳喳地叫着……)
5、在《小鹿的玫瑰花》中,鹿弟弟说小鹿的玫瑰花没有白栽是因为(他不仅美化了环境,为别人带来了快乐,而且自己也从中得到了快乐。)
二、背诵、背写:
1、背写第2课《古诗两首》。
2、背写第17页上的`“读读背背”及补充的春联。
(1)杨柳绿千里,春风暖万家。
(2)黄莺鸣翠柳,紫燕剪春风。
(3)春风放胆来梳柳,夜雨瞒人去润花。
(4)春风一拂千山绿,南燕双归万户春。
(5)艳阳照大地,春色满人间。
(6)一帆风顺年年好,万事如意步步高。
3、背诵第18页上的“宽带网”。
春天里开的花可真不少,有迎春花、玉兰花、杜鹃花,还有桃花、杏花、梨花、苹果花……许多城市或地区都有自己的市花或区花。如洛阳是牡丹花,北京是月季花,澳门是莲花,香港是紫荆花,郑州是月季花。
三、读写:
脱掉解放摇头躲雨探望小溪棉花解冻田野未来油菜发烧追赶宿舍光荣干枯徐州商店世界笋芽呼唤呼喊山冈轰动喊叫竹笋兄弟哥哥微笑安静拐弯浇水骨头终于感谢逐渐抽空躺椅
四、比较组词:
羞(害羞)俺(俺的)鹊(喜鹊)杜(杜鹃)容(容易)徐(徐徐)蔬(蔬菜)
差(差别)掩(掩护)鹃(杜鹃)牡(牡丹)荣(光荣)除(除法)疏(疏远)
未(未来)仍(仍然)冈(山冈)拐(拐弯)烧(烧火)冒(冒险)度(温度)
末(末尾)扔(扔掉)岗(岗位)别(别人)浇(浇花)帽(帽子)渡(渡过)
列(列车)绵(绵羊)探(探听)摇(摇头)躲(躲开)店(商店)枯(干枯)
烈(热烈)棉(棉花)深(深浅)遥(遥远)射(照射)站(车站)苦(苦难)
芽(发芽)菜(白菜)换(交换)第(第一)歌(唱歌)抽(抽水)净(干净)
讶(惊讶)彩(彩色)唤(呼唤)弟(弟弟)哥(哥哥)油(石油)静(安静)
微(微笑)才(刚才)西(西瓜)大(大家)安(平安)本(本来)呼(呼吸)
薇(蔷薇)材(木材)牺(牺牲)达(到达)按(按时)笨(笨重)乎(胖乎乎)
五、多音字:
jiě(解放)bēn(奔跑)chōnɡ(冲浪)cánɡ(藏身)
解奔冲藏
xiè(解数)bèn(投奔)chònɡ(冲床)zànɡ(西藏)
jī(茶几)chǔ(处理)sù(住宿)jǐn(尽管)
几处宿xiǔ(一宿)尽
jǐ(几个)chù(到处)xiù(星宿)jìn(尽情)
luò(落叶)sā(撒娇)zuān(钻研)láo(唠叨)
篇14:八年级下册政治第一单元知识点
第一课 维护宪法权威
(一) 宪法明确国家权力
1.我国宪法的原则是:
(1)基本原则:我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家,国家的一切权力属于人民
(2)尊重和保障人权成为我国的宪法原则
2.宪法确认我国的国家性质是:确定国家性质:宪法第一条第一款明确规定:“中华人民共和国是工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政的社会主义国家。”
宪法第二条第一款明确规定:“中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民。”
3.我国经济制度的基础是:生产资料的社会主义公有制。
4. 宪法规定广泛的公民基本权利:
5. 人民行使国家权力的途径和形式:广大人民通过 人民代表大会 行使国家权力,通过各种途径和形式,管理国家事务,管理经济和文化事业,管理社会事务,将一切权力属于人民的原则贯彻于国家生活的各个领域和方面。
6.宪法明确国家权力属于人民的目的: 一切权力属于人民的宪法原则,归根结底就是保证人民当家作主的权利。
7.我们怎样当家作主?
我们要依法积极参与国家政治生活,担当起国家主人应尽的责任。
8.宪法是如何使一切权力属于人民的宪法原则得以实现?
(1)宪法确认我国的国家性质,明确人民当家作主的地位。
(2)确定的社会主义经济制度奠定了国家权力属于人民的经济基础。
(3)规定的社会主义政治制度明确了人民行使国家权力的基本途径和形式。
(4)规定广泛的公民基本权利,并规定实现公民基本权利的保障措施。
(5)还规定国家武装力量属于人民。
(二)尊重和保障人权
1.为什么要尊重和保障人权?
①人权的实质内容和目标是:人自由、平等地生存和发展。
②我国将“国家尊重和保障人权”写入宪法。
③—尊重和保障人权成为我国的宪法原则。
2.尊重和保障人权的要求:
它要求各级国家机关树立国家尊重和保障人权的理念,采取各种措施促进和保护人权。
3.人权的主体:
在我国,人权的主体非常广泛,既包括 我国公民 ,也包括 外国人,不仅保护个人,也保护群体。
4.人权的内容:
宪法保护的人权内容也很广泛,既包括平等权和人身权利、政治权利,也包括财产权、劳动权、受教育权等经济、社会、文化方面的权利。
5.我国如何尊重和保障人权?
(1)尊重和保障人权是现代法治国家立法活动的基本要求。
(2)行政机关在执法过程中应当树立尊重和保障人权的意识,做到严格、规范、公正、文明,坚持依法施政、依法行政、简政放权。
(3)审判机关、检察机关要依照宪法和法律的规定独立行使审判权、检察权,保护公民的各项合法权益。
(4)国家加强法治宣传教育,弘扬社会主义法治精神,建设社会主义法治文化,增强全民法治观念,形成全民守法的氛围和习惯,努力将人权理想变为现实。
(三)治国安邦的总章程
1.各级国家机关如何产生?
①我国的一切权力属于人民。人民代表大会是人民行使国家权力的机关。
②我国宪法第三条规定:“全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会都由民主选举产生,对人民负责,受它监督”。(.人民代表大会与人民的关系是怎样的?)
③“国家行政机关、审判机关、检察机关都由人民代表大会产生,对它负责,受它监督。”(除人大这样的权力机关外,我国还有哪些国家机关?它们与权力机关的关系是怎样的?)2.宪法通过什么使得国家权力的运行稳定有序?
宪法通过组织国家机构,授予国家机构特定职权,明确国家机构的组成、任期、工作方式等内容,使得国家权力的运行稳定有序。
3.我国国家机构组织和工作的原则是什么?这一原则又是如何贯彻执行的?
(1)我国宪法第三条规定:“中华人民共和国的国家机构实行民主集中制的原则。”
(2)我国国家机构贯彻民主集中制原则主要体现为:在国家机构与人民的关系方面,国家权力来自人民,由人民选举产生国家权力机关,国家权力机关在国家机构中居于主导地位;在中央与地方国家机构的关系方面,中央和地方的国家机构职权的划分,遵循在中央的统一领导下,充分发挥地方的主动性、积极性的原则;在国家机关内部作出决策、决定时,实行民主集中制。
4.宪法为什么要规范权力运行?
①权力是把双刃剑,运用得好,可以造福于民;如果被滥用,则会滋生腐败。贻害无穷。②必须对权力的行使进行制约,把权力关进制度的笼子里,让权力在阳光下运行。③规范国家权力运行可以保障公民权利的实现,这是宪法的核心价值追求。
5.宪法的核心价值追求是:规范国家权力运行可以保障公民权利的实现。
6.权力如何依据宪法规范运行?
①国家权力必须在宪法和法律规定的范围内行使。
②人民通过宪法和法律将国家权力授予国家机关。
③宪法和法律还规定了国家权力行使的程序,要求国家权力必须严格按照法定的途径和方式行使。
④国家权利的行使不能任性,法定职责必须为,法无授权不可为。
7.国家机关应该如何行使权力?
国家机关行使权力应当有法律依据,不能超越权限行使权力,也不能滥用权力。
8.滥用权力有何后果?
任何超越权限、滥用职权的行为均应承担法律责任。
9.对国家机关及其工作人员来说,权力就是什么?
权力就是责任,责任就要担当,必须依法行使权力、履行职责,不得懈怠、推诿。
篇15:八年级下册政治第一单元知识点
第二课 保障宪法实施
1.为什么要保障宪法实施?
“宪法的生命在于实施,宪法的权威也在于实施。”维护宪法权威需要我们保障宪法实施。如果宪法得不到充分、有效实施,受到漠视、削弱甚至破坏,那么,国家权力的行使将会违反法治的要求,我们的幸福生活就不能真正实现。
2.如何保障宪法实施?
(1)坚持依宪治国;(2)加强宪法监督
一、坚持依宪治国
1.我国宪法组成和基本内容是什么? (了解)
组成:我国现行宪法除序言外,设有第一章总纲,第二章公民的基本权利和义务,第三章国家机构,第四章国旗、国歌、国徽、首都,共四章一百三十八条。
基本内容:宪法规定了我国的国家性质、根本制度、根本任务、公民的基本权利和义务、国家机构的组织及其职权等国家生活中的最根本、最重要的问题,涉及政治、经济、文化和社会生活等各个方面。
※2.为什么宪法是一切组织和个人的根本活动准则?;(宪法的重要性)
(1)我国宪法是人民意志的体现,是国家的根本法;
(2)宪法集中体现人民的共同意志,具有至高无上的权威。
(3)宪法的权威关系国家的命运、社会的安定和人民的根本利益。
(4)如果宪法没有权威,法治的权威就树立不起来;如果宪法受到漠视,人民权利和自由就无法保证。
3.宪法是一切组织和个人根本活动准则的表现:(要求)
①一切组织和个人都必须在宪法和法律范围内活动,都必须维护宪法权威,捍卫宪法尊严,保证宪法实施。
②任何组织或者个人都不能凌驾于宪法之上,一切违反宪法的行为,都必须予以追究。
※4.中国共产党如何以宪法为根本的活动准则?
①中国共产党作为执政党,必须以宪法为根本的活动准则。中国共产党坚持把依法治国作为党领导人民治理国家的基本方略,把法治作为治国理政的基本方式,党自身必须在宪法和法律范围内活动。
②坚持依法治国首先要坚持依宪治国,坚持依法执政首先要坚持依宪执政。
③党既领导人民制定宪法法律,也领导人民执行宪法法律,做到党领导立法、保证执法、支持司法、带头守法。
5.党领导人民治理国家的基本方略是什么? ——依法治国
6.宪法的地位:(重点)
(1)宪法是国家的根本法,在国家法律体系中具有最高的法律地位、法律权威和法律效力。(2)宪法是国家法制统一的基础,中国特色社会主义法律体系的核心。
※7.为什么宪法具有最高的法律效力?(为什么说宪法是国家的根本大法?)(宪法与其他法律的关系)
(1)宪法是国家的根本法,在国家法律体系中具有最高的法律地位、法律权威和法律效力。
(2)宪法所规定的内容是国家生活中带有全局性、根本性的问题。
(3)宪法具有最高法律效力。是其他法律的立法基础和立法依据。
(4)宪法的制定和修改程序比其他法律更加严格。
(5)宪法是国家法制统一的基础,全面依法治国,保障宪法实施,必须完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系。
7.严格的制定和修改程序有何意义/作用/原因:
一方面使得宪法的内容具有更广泛的民意基础,另一方面保障了宪法的长期稳定性,使国家长治久安,社会健康发展。
8.宪法的规定与其他法律有何不同?
宪法的规定具有原则性的特点,……具有不可替代的作用。
二、加强宪法监督
1.权力的行使为什么需要监督?/监督的作用/意义:(重点)
监督是权力正确行使的根本保证,不受监督的权力将导致腐败。
2.监督宪法实施的机构是什么?如何监督宪法和法律实施?
(1)全国人大及其常委会、地方各级人大人大
(2)①宪法规定,全国人大及其常委会行使监督宪法实施的职权。
②各级人大及其常委会依据宪法和有关法律,对人民政府、人民法院和人民检察院行使监督权。③地方各级人大在本行政区域内负有保证宪法和法律实施的职责。
3.我国宪法监督的内容主要包括哪些?
合宪性审查和监督,即审查法律、法规等规范性法律文件的合宪性,使其与宪法不抵触;审查国家机关及其工作人员等的违宪行为,追究其违宪责任,维护宪法权威。
※4.如何加强宪法监督工作?
(1)监督国家机关权力的行使,建立健全完备的监督公权力行使的制度体系;
①要完善全国人大及其常委会宪法监督制度,健全监督机制和程序,使其更好担负起宪法监督职责。②要健全宪法解释机制和能力建设,加强对宪法实施情况的监督检查,维护宪法权威。③对于各种违反宪法的行为,都必须予以追究和纠正。
(2)加强宪法监督,既需要完备的制度措施,也需要人们增强宪法意识。
5.为什么要增强宪法意识?
①加强宪法监督,既需要完备的制度措施,也需要人们增强宪法意识。
②为了让国家公职人员珍惜宪法赋予的权力,自觉规范自己的行为
③宪法与我们每个人息息相关,我们的一生都离不开宪法的保护。
6.设立国家宪法日、建立宪法宣誓制度的意义(目的)?
设立国家宪法日、建立宪法宣誓制度为了强化国家公职人员的宪法意识,让他们珍惜宪法授予的权力,自觉规范自己的行为。
7.国家宪法日:12月4日
※8.如何增强宪法意识?
(1)设立国家宪法日、建立宪法宣誓制度等来增强国家公职人员宪法意识
(2)我们要增强宪法意识,热爱宪法,捍卫宪法。具体要做到以下几点:
①学习宪法。(如何学习宪法?我们不仅要了解我国宪法产生和发展的历程,还要在理解我国宪法主要内容的基础上,着重领会宪法原则和精神。同时,还应积极参与宪法宣传活动。) ②认同宪法。(如何认同宪法?我们要理解并认同宪法的价值,增强对宪法的信服和尊崇,自觉接受宪法的指引与要求,让宪法真正铭刻于心,让宪法精神在心中生根发芽,开花结果。) ③践行宪法。
※如何践行宪法?
A我们要将宪法原则转化为自觉的行为准则,落实在实际行动上。B在日常生活中,我们要严格遵守宪法和法律规定,学会运用宪法精神来分析和解决学习和生活中的实际问题;C坚决维护宪法的权威,自觉抵制各种妨碍宪法实施、损害宪法尊严的行为。
建设社会主义法治国家,需要我们坚持宪法至上,自觉践行宪法精神,积极推动宪法实施。
9.我国宪法符合国情、符合实际、符合时代发展要求,充分体现人民共同意志,充分保障人民民主权利。
篇16:八年级下册政治第一单元知识点
中华人民共和国成立
一、中国人民政治协商会议
1、召开:1949年9月在北平召开,主要讨论成立新中国的问题。
2、内容
(1)决定成立中华人民共和国,通过了具有临时宪法作用的《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》。
(3)决定改北平为北京,作为新中国的首都;以《义勇军进行曲》为代国歌;以五星红旗为国旗;采用公元纪年。
(4)决定在北京天安门广场建立人民英雄纪念碑。
3、意义:中国人民政治协商会议的成功召开,初步建立了中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度。
二、开国大典
1、概况:1949年10月1日,宣告中华人民共和国中央人民政府成立,宣读了中央人民政府公告,宣布本政府为代表中华人民共和国全国人民的唯一合法政府,标志着中华人民共和国成立。
2、开国大典时鸣炮28响的含义:至19中国共产党建立以来,领导中国人民经历了28年的艰苦斗争终于取得新民主主义革命的胜利。
3、新中国成立的意义
(1)国内意义:中华人民共和国的成立,开辟了中国历史的新纪元。中国人民经过一百多年的英勇斗争,终于推翻了帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的统治。中国真正成为独立自主的国家,占人类总数四分之一的中国人从此站起来了。
(2国际意义∶新中国的成立,壮大了世界和平民主和社会主义的力量。
三、西藏和平解放
1、史实:1951年,西藏地方政府派出以阿沛·阿旺晋美为首席代表的代表团,与中央人民政府谈判,达成《中央人民政府和西藏地方政府关于和平解放西藏办法的协议》,西藏和平解放。同年,人民解放军进驻拉萨。
2、意义:祖国大陆获得统一,各族人民实现了大团结。
篇17:七年级下册政治第一单元知识点
第一课《青春的邀约》
1.进入青春期,我们的身体变化的主要表现是什么?
①身体外形的变化
②内部器官的完善
③性机能的成熟
2.青春期生理变化表现是什么?
①身体迅速长高、长壮。
②运动系统、心血管系统、消化系统、内分泌系统和神经系统不断成熟。
③生殖器官发育和成熟。
3.我们应该怎样悦纳生理变化?
①我们要正视身体的变化,欣然接受青春花蕾的绽放。不因自己的生理变化而自卑,是我们对自己的尊重;不嘲弄同伴的生理变化,是我们对同伴的尊重。
②青春的我们追求美。在追求形体、仪表等外在美的同时,我们也要提高品德和文化修养,体现青春的内在美。
4.青春期矛盾心理的主要表现? 反抗与依赖,闭锁与开放,勇敢与怯懦
5.怎样正确认识青春期矛盾心理?
青春期矛盾心理有时让我们烦恼,但也为我们的成长提供了契机。积极面对和正确处理这些心理矛盾,我们才能健康成长。
6.怎样处理青春期矛盾心理?
①我们可以参加集体活动,在集体的温暖中放松自己;
②可以通过求助他人,学习化解烦恼的方法;
③也可以通过培养兴趣爱好转移注意力,接纳和调适青春期的矛盾心理。
④我们还可以学习自我调节,成为自己的“心理保健医生”。把自己的想法写下来,参加体育活动,学习自我暗示,试试自我解嘲。
7.成长的不仅仅是身体还有什么? ①学会独立思考②培养批判精神③开发创造潜力
8.怎样学会独立思考?
独立思考并不等同于一味的追求独特,而是表现为不人云亦云,有自己独到的见解,同时能接纳他人合理的、正确的意见。
9.怎样培养批判精神?
①批判不仅要有质疑的勇气,有表达自己观点、提出合理化建议的能力。
②而且要考虑他人的感受,知道怎样的批判更容易被人接受,更有利于解决问题。
③要掌握批判的技巧。批判只针对事情本身,而不是对人的攻击。批判要具有一定的建设性。
10.怎样进行青春的创造?
①我们在遵守法律和道德规范的前提下,要敢于打破常规,追求创新与生活的丰富多彩,开创前人未走之路;
②我们也会关注他人与社会,看重创造的意义和价值,做一名对国家和社会有用的创造者。
③创造离不开实践。青春的创造意味着用自己的智慧和双手去尝试、探索、实践,通过劳动改变自己,影响世界。
篇18:七年级下册政治第一单元知识点
第三课《青春的证明》
1.我们成长的渴望主要表现在哪些方面?
我们渴望拥有健美的身躯、充实的大脑,渴望自由、渴望飞翔,“指点江山,激扬文字”
2.怎样让自己的梦想飞翔?
①青春的探索需要自信,自信让我们充满激情。能够展示优势与才华,激发潜能与活力,获得更多的实践机会与创造可能。
②自强可以让我们更自信,自强让青春奋进的步伐永不停息。自强,要靠坚强的意志、进取的精神和不懈的坚持。
③激荡的青春活力,自信的青春热情,自强的青春态度,给我们插上飞翔的翅膀,助力青春成长!
3.怎样做到“行己有耻”?
①我们要知廉耻,懂荣辱;有所为,有所不为。
②“行己有耻”需要我们有知耻之心,不断提高辨别“耻”的能力。
③ “行己有耻”要求我们树立底线意识,触碰道德底线的事情不做,违反法律的事情坚决不做。
④“行己有耻”更需要我们磨砺意志,拒绝不良诱惑,不断增强自控力。增强“我不要”的力量,增强“我想要”的力量,加强自我监控。
4.怎样做到止于至善?
①“止于至善”是人的一种精神境界,我们应该有自己的格调,有我们的“至善”追求。
②每个人都可以从点滴小事做起,积少成多,积善成德。
③在生活中寻找“贤”,将他们作为榜样。向榜样学习、汲取榜样的力量,我们的社会、我们的国家就会变得更加美好。
④“止于至善”要求我们养成自我我省察的习惯,检视自己的不足,积极调整自己,止于至善。
⑤以修身为本,行走在“止于至善”的路上,在学习中成长,在成长中收获,是对青春最好的证明。
篇19:七年级下册政治第一单元知识点
第二课《青春的心弦》
1.进入青春期,男生和女生的差异有哪些?
①男生女生在生理方面的差异会更加明显。
②在社会文化的影响下,男生女生在性格特征、兴趣爱好、思维方式等方面,越来越多地表现出自己的特点。
2.怎样看待男生女生的生理性别特征?
①男生女生的生理性别特征是与生俱来的。
②对于青春期特有的生理变化,我们应平静而欣然地接受。
3.对性别角色的认识的作用是什么?
①对性别角色的认识,可以帮助我们了解自己与异性的不同特点,学会如何塑造自我形象,如何与异性相处。
②性别刻板印象也可能在某种程度上影响我们自身潜能的发挥。我们在接受自己生理性别的同时,不要过于受性别刻板印象的影响。
4.怎样对待男生女生的性别优势?
①男生女生各自拥有自身的性别优势。欣赏对方的优势,有助于我们不断完善自己。
②我们不仅要认识自己的优势,而且要发现对方的优势,相互取长补短,让自己变得更加优秀。
③男生女生应相互理解,相互帮助、相互学习、共同进步。
5.异性朋友萌动的表现?
在异性面前,我们有自我表现的欲望,更加在意自己的形象,渴望得到异性的肯定和接受。
6.与异性相处的作用?
①与异性相处,有助于我们了解异性的思维方式、情感特征。
②我们与异性相处,成为好朋友,我们能从对方身上看到某些优秀品质。
③与异性交往是我们成长的一个重要方面,也是对我们的考验。
7.怎样与异性交往?
我们要内心坦荡、言谈得当、举止得体,这份友谊就会成为我们青春美好的见证。
8.如何正确认识异性情感?
①相遇青春,我们心中开始萌发一些对异性朦胧的情感,这是青春成长中的正常现象。
②在与异性交往的过程中,我们会因为对异性的欣赏、对美好的向往而愉悦,这并不是真正的爱情。
③爱情是一种高尚的情感,面对生活中可能出现的朦胧的情感,我们应该慎重对待、理智处理。
文档为doc格式