下面小编为大家整理了SAT写作的论证方法有哪些，本文共8篇，欢迎阅读与借鉴!
篇1：SAT写作的论证方法有哪些
SAT写作的论证方法有哪些
SAT写作考试的时间是25分钟，很多考生对此最直观的印象就是-----SAT写作的论证方法就是举两个例子而已。
持这种观点的学生很明显对写作的认识并不深刻，属于只知其一，不知其二。这个说法的不合理之处在于首先论证方法不仅仅局限于举例子那么简单，其次即便是举例，也不是非二不可的。
首先，单从写作角度讲，论证方法，也就是常说的论据主要有以下几类：
一 例证法。
二 引用法。
三 类比法。
四 让步法。
五 假设法。
六 求异法。
毫无疑问，其中最常用的就是例证法，举例子支持自己的观点，尤其是在SAT写作考试中，时间紧，任务重，在官方给出的SAT写作评分标准中明确有一条：, using clearly appropriate examples, reasons, and other evidenceto support its position. 因此如果考生对自己的要求比较高，希望拿到一个满分或接近满分的成绩，需要掌握很多包括举例在内的其他方法。
篇2：雅思写作论证方法
雅思写作论证方法
一、原因：
原因论证是写作中常用的论证方法，可以通过写一个现象的原因来承接中心句，一般放在层逻辑衔接中使用比较多。
常用连接词：
…because/since/as…
…due to sth(不放句首)
常用句式：
1. This is largely/partly due to…,
…, which is largely/partly due to… 这主要/部分是由于什么。
2. The main reason for it is …N/that +完整的句子
…, the main reason for which is… 主要的原因是什么。
二、结果：
结果论证分为两种，种是指好的结果，第二种是指坏的结果，具体由中心句的内容决定。结果论证在层逻辑和第二层逻辑中都可以使用。
常用连接词：
Consequently,
As a consequence/result,
…therefore… 因此
…, so that 一句话，以至于…
常用句式：
Some students are used to finishing learning tasks all alone, which may result in an unpleasant consequence that their interpersonal skills will deteriorate.
一些学生习惯于自一人完成学习任务，这可能会导致一个不好的结果，他们的人际交流技能可能会变差。
三、举例：
雅思写作中的举例论证用得不像托福写作那么多，可以是personal experience, 但尽量举一些比较客观的例子，并且例子不要太长，一两句话概括即可，适当对例子进行评论。一般用于第二层逻辑衔接比较多。
常用连接词：
...like /such as(不放开头，后面加名词)
For example﹦For instance(放句首时，后加完整的句子)
E.g. Teamwork benefits students in many ways. For example, the potential of leadership may be possibly stimulated and developed through teamwork.
团队合作能在很多方面使学生们受益。举个例子，通过团队合作就能激发和培养导力的潜能。
四、比较：
对比论证分为两种，一种是具体情况的正反对比，拿两件事物进行正反比较。另一种是过去与现在的对比，常用于科技文比较多。层与第二层逻辑衔接均可以使用。
常用连接词：
A…, while/whereas B…
While/whereas A…, B…
A…By/In contrast, B…
常用句式：
…, which is in stark/sharp/striking contrast with the fact that…
…, 这和以下事实形成鲜明对比。
E.g. Students who go to university immediately after gradation can better adjust themselves to the academic life, whereas/while those who take a gap year off are very unlikely to refocus their attention on study.
那些毕业后直接上大学的学生能更好地适应大学生活，而那些参加间隔年的学生却很可能无法再专注于学习。
雅思写作范文：学术vs职业技能
Task：Nowadays, most people learn academic study in university, but others think we should encourage to learn vocational skills more, do you agree or disagree?
Sample answer：
There is an upsurge in practical knowledge in these years and people have seen many education courses being totally theory-based. Going to college or learning practical skills, which is better, has been a discussion among public. In my view, the choice really depends on different individuals’ needs and will.
When a student is leaning academic knowledge in university, other skills are also developed. University education will focus on some exceptional abilities like organization, interpretation, evaluation and communication, which can help students to be a well-rounded person. A qualified student should also posses some important skills, such as problems solving and critical thinking.
Learning fixing or construction or something practical like these also sounds reasonable. It is well-recognized that every student has to work after they graduate. They should be equipped with competence which enhances the transition from school to work. Besides, an excellent student learner is admittedly important to society, but more important is his or her productivity. However, college education focuses more on theoretical knowledge instead of practical abilities, which distances learners from the real life.
My view is that this choice is according to different people’s needs and will. For instance, if a doctor spends 3 years in practicing medicine, his experience will be more than his peers who stay in college after they graduate. Also, in our society, a doctor’s reputation is based on his skills and experience.to doctors, practical skills are more important. However, it may be better to pursue further education for a philosopher until he gets a doctor degree. Meanwhile, different people have different wills to do different things, which means they can do the personal choice for themselves.
Overall, I think the choice is quite personal and people will make the best decision based on their conditions.
(294 words)
雅思写作范文：生活压力变大的原因
Task：It is said that people’s life now is becoming more and more stressful. What are the causes and how to solve it?
思路解析：
1. 科技更新太快，这意味着人们不得不很努力地不停学习新的知识和技能。此外，激烈的就业竞争也让人们每天都处在紧张状态中。
2. 需要背负很多家庭责任，如照顾父母，照顾小孩。而生活成本却在不断增加，这让人们感受到经济上的压力。
3. 如何释放压力：多运动，运动能让人摆脱抑郁和沮丧，恢复精神上的放松。多跟人交流，这能获得来自他人的安慰，建议，和关爱，让人们看淡困难和焦虑。
参考范文：
The acceleration of industrialization and the prosperity of economy benefit our society a great deal. But with the speeding up of economic development, people are facing more and more pressure from various aspects of their life. This essay will explore the causes for the heavy pressure and put forward some feasible solutions.
One of the major causes is that people’s living rhythm has been promoted immensely with the upgrading of new-knowledge and hi-tech. To keep abreast with the society, people have to work intensively on the one hand and improve their knowledge on the other. The economic globalization strengthened international cooperation and expand people’s scope of activity. The fierce social competition deprives people of their spare time and makes their life more stressful.
Another factor comes from the pressure of people’s family. People in the current society have to shoulder the responsibility of family maintenance. On the one hand, people have to care for their parents, creating for them a happy and comfortable life. On the other hand, they have to give their children good education. To earn more money, people have to work very hard to finance their family.
If people live in heavy pressure, they will have problems both physically and psychologically. To relieve the pressure, I think the following suggestions are feasible and practical. Firstly, people are suggested to go in for some sports games in their spare time or at the weekend. Sports can build up people’s physique and make them vigorous. Secondly, people should communicate with others frequently and confess their trouble and difficulty to others, which is a very magic way to release one’s pressure. Finally, people have to find a balance between money and health. Otherwise, one’s health will be overdrawn and spoiled by money earning.
In brief, good life should not be obtained at the price of the deterioration of one’s health. People should improve their living pattern and lead a life of high quality.
(337 words)
雅思写作范文：消费品危害自然
Topic：
The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?
Sample answer：
The high demand of consumer goods has led to the depletion of natural resources as well as environmental degradation. How to reverse this situation should be paid more attention and both the government and individuals should take responsibility for this.
The past decades have witnessed the expansion of human population, which results in the ever-growing requirement for various products such as food, clothing. Not only does this cause the decrease of natural resources, but also contributes to environmental deterioration. An example of this is that people cut down more trees for disposable chopsticks and furniture, leading to deforestation in many areas. This further causes some problems like soil, erosion, droughts and change in temperature.
Another reason is that people lack environmental awareness. Otherwise, they would not live a throw-away life and cause some avoidable waste or pollution. A large number of people have not yet realized the importance of recycling, nor are they conscious of the households appliances can end up in landfill sites and these non-biodegradable products can have a destructive effect on the environment.
To cope with this problem, governments should firstly try to raise public's awareness for environmental protection and recycling. Besides, they should also invest heavily in some renewable energy resources such as nuclear, solar or wind energy. Meanwhile, ordinary people should make an effort to consume less and recycle more and classify rubbish in order to reduce the damage of waste.
To sum up, the increase of world population and insufficient environmental consciousness are associated with the issue stated. And to combat with it, every member in the society should take actions.
(267 words)
篇3：sat写作题目分析方法参考
sat写作题目分析方法参考
参加SAT写作考试的第一步就是分析SAT写作题目，并和自己以往写作过的题目进行对号入座。但是大家如何才能在考场的短时间内更加准确的分析SAT写作题目，并想出一个比较有新意的观点呢?下面我们来看看这四个方法吧。
方法一：拆分法
分析SAT写作题目极为有效的一种手段，其基本原理就是面对一个云山雾罩的抽象的大的`assignment，将其一分为二或者一分为多进行分别讨论。
方法二：解析法
通过对SAT写作题目主体的需求进行分析，从而找到支持论证的有说服力的理由与典型的论据。主体需求，可以是个人，教育，社会，政府与文化发展等方面的需求。
方法三：正反法
对SAT写作题目的主张或者结论分成两面分析。没有绝对对错，哪边理由与例证多我们走哪边。也可写成让步式或者对照式两面论证。
方法四：比较法
适用于题干中两个对等概念的比较。
通过上面介绍的这四种方法，大家就可以在备考的时候有更多的发挥余地，也能对SAT写作题目进行更加深层次的分析，从中找到一个自己擅长的观点进行例子的列举和论证的准备。希望大家可以在备考的时候有更多可以发挥的方法。
篇4：写作论证的方法介绍
关于写作论证的方法介绍
有了开阔的思路，再学习和掌握一些具体的论证方法，就可以将文章写得既洋洋洒洒，又扎扎实实。论证需要讲究方法的运用，这对写好议论文大有好处。常见的论证方法有这么两类
A、逻辑推理的方法
逻辑推理是指从一个或几个判断推出另一个判断的思维形式。议论文不仅要通过概念(观点、论点)、判断(立论、结论)的形式，更需要通过推理的形式来反映四周的现实与揭示客观的真理。
常见的逻辑推理形式有三种：演绎推理、归纳推理和类比推理。就议论文来说，也可以称为三种论证方法：演绎法、归纳法和类比法。
演绎法是从一般到个别、从宏观到微观的论证方法。如果平时积累些众所周知的科学道理和原理、包含人生哲理的谚语、成语和名人的经典论述等公认的真理，并且娴热于心，那么在考试时可以随时调动、应用、引申，演绎出一篇理由充足的文章。例如写《谈人生道路》，如果将鲁迅的有关路的论述作为前提，来加以生发论证，那是可以讲出和引发出一番道理来的。鲁迅在《随感录十六生命的路》中是这样说的：什么是路？就是从没路的地方践踏出来的，从只有荆棘的地方开辟出来的。其中从没路的地方践踏出来，从只有荆棘的地方开辟出来，的道理，可以推衍出走人生道路需要敢闯和不怕艰辛之理，这是自然而又深刻的一种论证。
归纳法与演绎法相反，是通过个别、特殊到一般，从微观到宏观的沦证方法。例如《达·芬奇画蛋有感》—题，有人这样写：如果芬奇没有名师这一番严格的训练，那就很难想象他以后会成为一代艺术巨匠；著名的意大利小提琴家帕格尼尼如果没有孩提时代的严格基本训练，又怎能成为闻名全球的小提琴之王；我国著名的京剧表演艺术家李少春如果没有扎实深厚的武功和唱功底子，又怎么能成为文武兼备的演员。随后归纳说：有成就的艺术家都曾经‘画过蛋’，（收尾点醒题目很必要）即他们都经过严格的基本训练，有着扎实的基本功，都为万丈高楼的建造打下了深厚的地基，才使他们达到了一般人所达不到的境界。有前面的三个典型事例，最后归纳出来的道理是水到渠成。
类比法是根据两个对象在某种属性上相同或相似推出结论的论证方法。如《达·芬奇画蛋有感》，从达·芬奇的老师让他画蛋练基本功一事，可以联想到类似的一些例子：某杂技演员转碟技艺精湛，别人问其奥秘，演员将问者领至床边，指着床下的大堆摔碎的碟子说：这就是答案。一个芭蕾舞演员舞跳得非常好，因为她跳坏的舞鞋有几百双等等。这些例子的类比中，我们可以得出的结论是：要做好任何一件事，不从最基本的功夫练起是不行的，不付出艰辛的劳动，是不可能有惊人收获的。这就是类比推理。
B、例证与反证的方法
例证法就是举例证明，是一种正面论证方法。例证的关键在于如何选择和运用个别的`具有典型意义的事例来论证某一论点。那么这样的例子更生动有力些呢？古人有个经验，叫做熟事虚用，僻事实用。意思是说，人们熟悉的事例要简单笼统一点，而别人比较生疏的事例却要具体一点。例如《谈时间》这个题目，一般人都举先进人物学习、工作，善于挤时间、珍惜时间等事例。
这样的例子就是热事。在论说中简单提一下即可，不要展开论述。而下面这样的事例就是僻事了：有一个农村青年忙于科学种田致富，因而将原先步行进城和回家，改为坐公共汽车甚至轿车进城回家。老父亲责怪他忘了勤俭节约的作风。他却说，有了时间就能多作贡献，化一点钱买时间回来是合算的。常言说：寸金难买寸光阴，现在我只用几块钱就能买回好几个小时的时间，这几个小时所能创造的财富可以超过所化的车费，这样的好事何乐而不为？这个事例新颖，能发人深思。放在《谈时间》文章中，能较充分地说明新时代新人的时间观念，以此论证时间就是金钱这一观点，说服力很强。
反证法就是从反面假设入手，论证假使的荒谬无理，从而间接证明假使的对立面，即正面所立的论点的正确性。从手法上说，反证法有两种：直接指出反面假设的错误和间接归纳出反面假设的荒谬性。直接反证，如论证时间的重要性，就先从不重视时间入手，论证它的危害和错误，由此间接证明了时间的重要性。又如，论摸着石头过河的必要性，先从反面论证不遵循科学规律，不调查研究盲目乱闯的弊端，再来论述摸着石头过河的必要性，使正面立论的基础更加坚实。
间接反证是一种归谬法，即将反面假设加以生发引申，推衍到极明显的错误荒谬为止。例如有这么一个评论试题：一位大学生为了抢救一个掉入粪池的农民，不幸身亡。有一位自称多言的人，认为大学生的价值比农民高，所以，他不应该下粪池去救农民。要求以《如何衡量生命价值》为题作文。有人写的一段文字，就用了归谬法。他先将多言的观点加以延伸：假如‘多言’掉进了粪池，让我们运用‘多言’的理论来作一番推算吧。
‘多言’的同学们不该去救他。大家‘价值’差不多，丢了半斤获得五两，弄得不好还全赔上，不合算。‘多言’的老师们也不该跳下去救他。这是用大‘金子’换小‘金子’，自然也不合算。找个中学生来救你吧，还得算一算，他将来的价值是不是会超过‘多言’，说不定，他也许会成为郎平或者陈景润式的人物呢！工人、农民就更不该去救‘多言’了。一个社会主义物质财富的创造者，难道为了去救一个消费者冒生命危险不成吗？然后再正面论述价值问题：‘多言’呀‘多言’，你周围就有不少品德高尚、懂得什么是生命价值的人，好好向他们学习吧！
今年夏天，杭州师院生物系同学去普陀实习，两个女同学被海浪卷走，许多同学争先恐后地跳进发怒般的大海，冒着死的危险抢救她们。对于这件事究竟应该怎样去理解呢？愿‘多言’懂得生命的价值，从而真正用自己有限的生命去为国家创造大于本身价值的价值。文章运用反证法推导出荒谬的结论，幽默生动，令人信服。
篇5：写作论证方法全解析
写作论证方法全解析
因此，如何全面掌握和正确使用各种论证方法是考生写作备考中亟待解决的问题。写作的论证方法有很多，最常用的有举例论证，因果论证，讲道理，列数据，假设论证，对比论证。
一、举例论证
举例论证是最有利于增强论述的可靠性与说服力的方法，同时，也是考官建议考生使用的。在雅思考题下方总会有这样一句话：“Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.”
1. 常见表达方式
1）关联词
优势：关联词能够较为方便的引出例子，主要是因为用这种方法引出的例子多是独立的句子，语法上的束缚少些。
关联词：as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, specifically, to illustrate, to demonstrate.
2）句型
优势：句型引出例子，能够保证表达的书面度与学术性。但是在使用时，考生需要特别注意语法正确。
句型：A good case in point is that … A typical example can be found in … Take … for example, … …, which may include …
2. 使用注意事项
1）泛泛而非个人：杜绝举个人经历的例子，自己，亲戚，朋友---将个人例子普遍化，转化成一种普遍趋势。
2）杜绝中式谚语：不要硬性翻译中式谚语，外国谚语可以考虑，但也不可泛滥。
3）少举纯中国式的例子：一个国家不代表整体，上升为很多国家的共同情况。
4）注意控制字数，例子不要展开论述。议论文的例子万万不可这么长篇大论的写，一个论点的`例子应控制在一句话左右，有时甚至只需一个名词短语就可以完成。
3. 实例解析
例如，剑5 test 2, 考官在论述高中毕业生中断学业一年a gap year, 选择工作或者旅游的危险时用了举例的方法，你可以在很多话题中使用这种方法。但是请注意，雅思的举例论证方法不同于我们熟悉的举实例。当列举gap year的危险时，不可以举某某同学高中毕业后到一家公司工作，由于失误导致该公司的经济损失或某某同学高中毕业后周游列国，不幸受伤等等。雅思写作的文体属学术论文，要求科学严谨，由于个案不具备普遍性，因此不能作为证据。同理，考官也极少用for example这个表达实例的短语。雅思举例的方法局限于抽象的泛泛的例子。
二、因果论证
因果论证是考生普遍反映比较容易上手且使用范围广泛的论证方法。它的正确使用能够大幅提高论述的逻辑性与连贯度，体现考生的缜密思维。
1. 常见表达方式
1）关联词
优势：关联词能够较为方便的引出结果，因为这种方法引出的多是独立的句子表达，语法上的束缚少一些。
关联词：therefore, hence, thus, as a result, consequently, interestingly, fortunately, unfortunately, surprisingly, unsurprisingly.
2）句型
优势：句型引出原因或结果，能够保证表达的书面度与学术性。但是在使用时，考生需要特别注意语法正确。
句型：Due to/ owing to/ because of /thanks to…, …
As /since/because…, …
The reason why … is that …
… be related/linked to …
… be associated/connected with …
… contribute to/ give rise to …
2. 使用注意事项
1）主观与客观相结合
在分析原因时，不仅要关注客观原因，比如经济不景气，工作经验少等人或事本身具有的属性或特点，还应当考虑从主观方面着手，比如有的大学毕业生眼高手低好高骛远，大众想要有更舒适的生活等人的意识或精神。
2）积极与消极相结合
在引出结果时，考生不仅需要关注原因引发的积极结果，有时也可以根据自己的需要论述它所引发的消极结果。特别是在应对讨论式的观点题时，这种思想体现的最为明显。
3. 实例解析
下面我们用因果论证来论证一下教师的监督作用：
1）Only under the supervision of a teacher can students study effectively due to the fact that teenagers often lack self-discipline.
2）Students’ lack of self-discipline contributes to the importance of a teacher’s supervision.
考生们不必担心论证中句子太短的问题。分论点的展开部分不必太长，通常30-40字最好，大概1-2句话。太长就会被扣上overdevelop的帽子。如有的考生一段只有一个分论点，论证过程肯定罗嗦。因果论证的句子通常短小，重点注意句型的变化，即在一篇文章中不要重复同样的句型。用过连词，就换动词；用过副词，就换介词，从而达到句型的多样化。
篇6：申论写作常见论证方法
申论写作常见论证方法
议论文是申论作文的基本文体，从各级各类的考场作文评阅及专家平时作文批改情况来看，许多考生之所以不能写出一篇说理透彻的议论文，是因为不能恰当或综合运用议论文常见的一些论证方法，申论写作常见论证方法：喻证法与比较法。
议论文常见的论证方法有七种：例证法、引证法、喻证法、比较法、归谬法、归纳法和演绎法。
一、喻证法
喻证法是用设喻来论证论点的方法。在议论文中，设喻可以使论点更易懂、更风趣、更容易获得读者的认同。喻证法能化抽象为具体、化艰深为浅显、化枯燥为生动。
运用喻证法必须注意以下三点：
(一)以小见大，就近取譬。
要精选生活中细小的、人们熟悉的事物作为设喻的喻体。喻体如果不是读者常见熟知的，就达不到喻证的目的。
(二)喻体不求形似，求神似。
作为喻证的喻体与做为比喻的喻体不同。比喻的'喻体是为了强调特征，描绘事物，侧重形似，以形比形；而喻证的喻体是为了阐发观点，以正视听，力求神似，以义取形，公务员考试申论《申论写作常见论证方法：喻证法与比较法》。因此，一定要对自己所要论证的对象和用来设喻的事物之间的对应关系进行细致入微的体味与揣摩。
二、比较法
比较法也是一种常见的论证方法，分对比与类比两种。
(一)类比法
所谓类比，就是借助某个或某几个类似的故事、实例或写作者自己安排的情境，进行由此及彼的推理。用于类比的事物大致有这么几种：古今中外的史实、神话传说、寓言、写作者自己创设的情境等。
运用类比要注意所选取的“类体”要同类，不能相对或相反；在类比之后要剖析，要善于揭示，一语破的，“一刀见血”。
(二)对比法
所谓对比，就是把正反两方面的论点和论据加以剖析对照，达到否定错误观点，树立正确论点的目的。运用对比要注意所选 取的“对体”的正与误、是与非、新与旧的区别要非常明显，要有突出的互相对立的关系；必须要对所论述对象的矛盾本质有深刻的认识；可以是人对人、物对物， 也可以是纵向比较或横向对照。
篇7：申论写作常见论证方法
申论写作常见论证方法
议论文是申论作文的基本文体，从各级各类的考场作文评阅及专家平时作文批改情况来看，许多考生之所以不能写出一篇说理透彻的议论文，是因为不能恰当或综合运用议论文常见的一些论证方法，申论写作常见论证方法：喻证法与比较法。
议论文常见的论证方法有七种：例证法、引证法、喻证法、比较法、归谬法、归纳法和演绎法。
一、喻证法
喻证法是用设喻来论证论点的方法。在议论文中，设喻可以使论点更易懂、更风趣、更容易获得读者的认同。喻证法能化抽象为具体、化艰深为浅显、化枯燥为生动。
运用喻证法必须注意以下三点：
(一)以小见大，就近取譬。
要精选生活中细小的、人们熟悉的事物作为设喻的喻体。喻体如果不是读者常见熟知的，就达不到喻证的目的。
(二)喻体不求形似，求神似。
作为喻证的喻体与做为比喻的喻体不同。比喻的喻体是为了强调特征，描绘事物，侧重形似，以形比形；而喻证的喻体是为了阐发观点，以正视听，力求神似，以义取形，公务员考试申论《申论写作常见论证方法：喻证法与比较法》。因此，一定要对自己所要论证的对象和用来设喻的事物之间的对应关系进行细致入微的体味与揣摩。
二、比较法
比较法也是一种常见的论证方法，分对比与类比两种。
(一)类比法
所谓类比，就是借助某个或某几个类似的故事、实例或写作者自己安排的情境，进行由此及彼的推理。用于类比的事物大致有这么几种：古今中外的史实、神话传说、寓言、写作者自己创设的情境等。
运用类比要注意所选取的“类体”要同类，不能相对或相反；在类比之后要剖析，要善于揭示，一语破的，“一刀见血”。
(二)对比法
所谓对比，就是把正反两方面的论点和论据加以剖析对照，达到否定错误观点，树立正确论点的目的。运用对比要注意所选 取的“对体”的正与误、是与非、新与旧的区别要非常明显，要有突出的互相对立的关系；必须要对所论述对象的矛盾本质有深刻的认识；可以是人对人、物对物， 也可以是纵向比较或横向对照。
拓展：申论写作结尾写作方法
一、总结分论点
对文章的分论点进行总结概括，然后再解释出其意义和重要性，以达到点明主旨、深化主题的目的，这是最常规的一种结尾方式。一般需要指出按照文中提出的原则和方法，问题可以得到解决，常用的形式是“名言警句+意义阐述+总结分论点+实现效果描述”。考生需要注意的一点，如果文章开头已经采用了总论点和各分论点，那么结尾要尽量避免使用这一方法和形式，以免造成首尾重复。
二、展望号召
展望即按照文中提出的方法，循着文中指明的路径，问题一定能够得到解决，未来情况一定能够得到改善，并适当描绘未来的美好前景、采取文中对策后所能达到的具体效果;在展望的基础上，升华文章主题，一般可以采用呼吁、感叹、反问等句式加重语气，号召文章的受众团结一致，为开创令人鼓舞的局面共同奋斗，以此增强文章的鼓动性和艺术感染力。
三、意义阐释
文章结尾可以强调意义，即强调解决某个社会问题的意义，或者强调认识该问题的重要性，能够起到画龙点睛的作用。
四、含蓄隽永
主要是指在圆满作结、令人欣慰之余，还要留足空间，拓展主题的内涵，说话半藏半露，表达出含蓄隽永的意味，引人思考、令人回味。
五、借用名言、事例
申论文章整体风格讲求沉稳、庄重，很多考生认为遣词造句必须要中规中矩，也很少采用各类修辞手法。其实，申论文章如果要富有感染力，增加灵性，必须要充分运用各种修辞手法。同样的，文章结尾部分也可以引用一些名言警句、领导人讲话、实例等。
篇8：新sat写作
A Call for National Service。
It is widely acknowledged that a man in possession of certain unalienable rights will not automatically undertake the corresponding responsibilities. With an intense sense of social responsibility, American writer E. J. Dionne Jr. proclaims that civil obligations should be implemented nationwide in his article “ A call for national service” in Washington post. He asserts unavoidable rights must be execrated. Strategies E. J. Dionne Jr. employs to bolster his argument include a personal anecdote, a citation of compelling polls, a quotation from the prestigious American documentation, compare and contrast, paralleled structure and sincere appeal to pathos.
E.J. Dionne starts his article by illustrating that “ here is the sentence in the Declaration of Independence we always remember” and “here is the sentence we often forget”, which are the paralleled structures to convey his urgency and attentive concern for the issue that American citizens should cherish their obligations. Furthermore, he directly enumerates that the previous is on rights and the latter obligations. This distinct contrast is utilized to establish an emphasis on his latter point by highlighting it as a coexisting factor relative to the former mentioned rights in American life. This literal tool serves as a strong technique to draw the audience into the issue addressed in the wiring.
By citing a quotation from “the Declaration of Independence” the author successfully establishes an authoritative image in the readers’ heart that he is knowledgeable and thoughtful. E.J. Dionne’s presentation of a numerical statistics based on the accurate “237” year and age range “18 and 28” strengthens his weight to his claim. Moreover, the author demonstrates a personal anecdote that “last week, the Aspen Institute gathered a politically diverse group of Americans…to declare a commitment to give a year of service to the country”, which provides a baseline for readers to find credence and credibility with the author’s argument. This anecdote instantly connects the author and readers closely which leads to a spiritual resonance.
Dionne Jr. reasons that not only Americans could enjoy their rights: life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness freely but also should assume their obligations on the solemn pledge of lives, fortunes and sacred honor. “There are no quick fixes to our sense of disconnection, but there may be a way to restore our sense.” He first raises a precaution in the readers’ heart then offers a sound solution to show the stringent and well-organized thinking pattern. Subsequently, the author exemplifies an occurrence last week, the precise time flow line, to underline the viewpoint that “ we do, indeed, owe something to our country and we owe an enormous debt”.
Dionne utilizes specific diction to enhance his argument to convince his readers. He employs personal pronoun such as “ we” for the aim to intrigue his personnel involvement as part of this calling which fortifies his persuasion as well as consolidates his credibility in the preachment. Through the careful word selection, Dionne enhances his proposition by ascribing the liability as a fundamental issue. This augments for the persuasion of his readers by informing them that this is a significant issue that all people should be aware of and take heed to.
Following the calling, the author lists the solutions and the challenges in the final parts of the article. He makes an efficient use of rhetorical question to challenge his readers to ponder that “ who knows whether the universal exception of service would change the country as much as Mc Chrystal hopes.” By raising this question, Dionne draws out profound comprehension on the proposal. “It’s based on the belief that certain unalienable rights entail certain unavoidable responsibilities”-----the author inspires his readers to feel responsible for the fate of America’s future. This strategy is obviously an appeal to pathos, calling the readers to act resolutely and adding the emotionally-infused spur to the American citizens.
Overall, E. J. Dionne Jr. provides a coherent and strong logical argument that all Americans should enjoy the unalienable rights that have been prescribed in “the Declaration of Independence” and shoulder the obligations cross the lines of class, race, background, politics, ideology as well. He takes full advantages of a personal anecdote, compelling polls, an authoritative quotation, compare and contrast, paralleled structure and heart-felt appeal to emotions to thoroughly illustrate his steadfast calling for national service.
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