下面是小编为大家整理的情态动词专项练习(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)，本文共17篇，仅供参考，喜欢可以收藏与分享哟!
篇1：情态动词专项练习(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
情态动词专项练习
姓名______________ 班次______________ 学号______________
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
( ) 1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
( ) 2. Where is my pen? I _____ it.
A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost
( ) 3. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
( ) 4. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
( ) 5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
( ) 6. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give
( ) 7. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
( ) 8. Without electricity human life _____ quite difficult today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
( ) 9. A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
( ) 10. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
( )11. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
( ) 12. - Could I borrow your dictionary?
- Yes, of course you _____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
( ) 13. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
( ) 14. - If he _____, he _____ that food.
- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
( ) 15. Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
( ) 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
( ) 17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
( ) 18. - Shall I tell John about it?
- No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
( ) 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
( ) 20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
( ) 21.- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
- It _____ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
( ) 22. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
( ) 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
( ) 24. - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
- They _____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
( ) 25. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
- Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
( ) 26. - Will you stay for lunch?
- Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
( ) 27. - Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
- I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
( ) 28. - Write to me when you get home. - _____.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
( ) 29. I was really anxious about you, you _____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
( ) 30. - Is John coming by train?
- He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
答案全解
1．C 从原题中You can keep it till next week if you like这一信息句可知，“你不必现在还”。
2．D 从原题中Where is my pen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must + have done表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。
3．C 原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生，在wish后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
4．B 从原题中的I didn’t hear the phone.这一信息可以判断出，用must have done表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。
5．A 从原题中last Saturday这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去 事实相反的过去完成时，主句用would + have done。
6．A might have + 过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。
7．C 从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，If it had not been for … “要不是因为……”。
8．D 原题中的Without electricity相当于一个条件句：If there were no electricity,故主句用human life would be quite difficult today.
9．A can可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句can’t，表示“不能，不会”。
10．B 从原题总的“I wonder why she changed her mind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此，用should + have done，表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。
11．C 可参看10题。意思是：“昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。”
12．C 原题中的could不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时，用can回答。同样用would，might提问，用will和may回答。[注意]①- Would you rather do such a thing? - Yes, I would.
②- Would you like some tea? - Yes, I would.
这两个对话中的would rather，would like是惯用法，故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will不能去替换would。
13．A 可参看10、15题。该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”ought not to have done = shouldn’t have done
14．B 从答语中的Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。
15．B 从原题中的but he isn’t very sure yet这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来，肯定来”，D是“将要来”。
16．C 可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有……
17．D 从原题中I didn’t see your sister at the meeting和后文she would have met my brother这两个信息句可知，if条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看6、7、14题。
18．A 你不必告诉他。因为I’ve told him already这一信息句已暗示考生了。
19．C 当as if引导虚拟语气的句子是，如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时，as if后接一般过去时。例如：He walked as if he were lame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前，则用过去完成时。例如：He talked as if he had known the secret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。
20．C 只要考生抓住nearly一词和后文at any moment（随时的意思）这两个信息词语，就能很快选出C项，表示逻辑推测，意思是“快七点钟了，杰克一会儿就该到了。”
21．D 根据句意，是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。
22．B mustn’t表示“禁止”；may表示“有可能”。句子的意思是：“你不可以玩刀，可能会伤你自己。”
23．D 该题在考考生could与was able to之间的区别。Was able to表示在困难的情况下，经过一番周折而“能……”，并且成功地做了。
24．B 该题考查情态动词should表推测的用法。Can和might都可以表示可能性，用might则语气更加不肯定。Need表示“需要”、“必需”。Should可以表示推测，结合实际，合乎逻辑，意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的I need them tomorrow afternoon的语境，可以确定正确答案为B。
25．A 该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法，从会话的语境看，空白处应填“could + have +过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。
26．B 该题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表达一种意愿和请求，是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗？”，对于这种问句的肯定答语可用Sure! Certainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to等；否定回答通常是I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but … I ‘d like to, but …等。
27．D might表示“可能性”。
28．C 意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。
29．B shouldn’t have done为本来不该做某事，而事实上做了。
30．D 用may not可表示“可能不”。而can not则表示断然的否定推测“不可能”。A，C意思不符。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇2：情态动词和被动语态练习(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
情态动词和被动语态练习
1.Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.
A. will B. can C. must D. may
2. John promised his doctor he ________ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since.
A. might B. should C. could D. would.
3. They must have been enjoying themselves there, otherwise they ________ so long.
A. can’t have stayed B. wouldn’t have stayed C. needn’t have stayed D. couldn’t stay
4. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better.
A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done
5.You can’t imagine that a top student _________ have failed in the college entrance examination.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
6. Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
A. must B. may C. shall D. should
7. She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
8. ---I can’t find my purse anywhere.
---You have lost it while shopping.
A. may B. can C. should D. would
9 . Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter go and do the opposite.
A. may B. can C. must D. should
10. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
A. shall B. should C. can D. must
11. ---Could you tell me what happened last night?
---I can’t go into detail now because it _______ take too long.
A. would B. should C. might D. could
12. You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You ____find the book by the title.
A. must B. need C. can D. would
13.---How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?
---It should________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B. would C. should D. must
14.---Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.
---Great! You _________ read widely and put a lot of work into it.
A. must B. should C. must have D. should have
15.The biggest problem for most plants, which ___________ just get up and run away when threatened(威胁), is that animals like to eat them.
A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
16. If it were not for the fact that she ___________ sing, I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
17.---May I smoke here?
---If you __________, choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. should B. could C. may D. must
18.---What’s the name?
---Khulaifi. __________ I spell that for you?
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
19.---Where’s is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
--- You ___________ it in the wrong place.
A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put
20. ---What does the sigh over there read?
--- No person __________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.
A. will B. may C. shall D. must
21.---My cat’s really fat.
--- You _________ have given here so much food.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
22. ---What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
---You_________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t
23.--- Turn off the TV, Jack. _________ your homework now?
---Mum, just ten more minutes, please.
A. should you be doing B. Shouldn’t you be doing
C. Couldn’t you be doing D. Will you be doing
24. We __________ have proved great adventures, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
25.---Mom’s gift? She_______ have chosen a better one for me.
---She _______ be very happy to know it.
A. should; must B. might; wouldn’t C. couldn’t; must D. mustn’t; can’t
26. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
27. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ______ to arrive.
A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected
28. I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.
A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught
29.---Who should be responsible for the accident?
---The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _________.
A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told
30. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote B. having been promoted
C. having promoted D. to be promoted
31.--- Do you think we should accept that offer?
---Yes, we should, for we_________such bad luck up till now, and time__________out.
A. have had; is running B. had; is running
C. have; has been run D. have had; has been run
32. He as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.
A. regarded B. was regarded C. . has regarded D. had been regarded
33.---What’s that noise?
---Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______.
A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested
34. As the yeas passed, many occasions-birthdays, awards, graduations-__________ with Dad’s flowers.
A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked
35. It is said that the early European playing cared_________ for entertainment and education.
A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed D. were designed
36.We tried many times, but the engine just _________.
A. wouldn’t start B. wasn’t started C. wasn’t starting D. wouldn’t be started
37. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _________ in science and technology.
A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has covered D. has been discovered
38. ---I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
---Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ________ now.
A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned
39. Although the causes of cancer _________, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.
A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering
C. are uncovering D. have uncovered
40. In a room above the store, where a party _________ , some workers were busily setting the table.
A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held
41.The new dictionaries are very useful. They______ well and ______ already.
A. sell; have been sold out B. sold ; had sold out
C. sell; sell out D. are sold; have been sold out
42. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _____ for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
43. The dog got _______ over by a passing car.
A. running B. run C. to run D. to be run
Keys:
1.D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A 9.C 10. C
11. A 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. C
26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. A 32.B 33. C 34. B 35. D 36.A 37. B 38. D 39.A 40. A
41. A 42. B 43. B
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇3：情态动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
情态动词
情态动词一般用法，大家都比较熟悉，但是，到了高中阶段，它的用法外延的比较多，很难理解和掌握。这里，就其考点列举如下：
一． 情态动词的现在完成式的用法
情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面must/mustn’t;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t; oughtn’t等情态动词＋完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的
1． 表示已经发生的情况。
1） must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……如：
My pain____apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?”
A must be B had been C must have been D had to be
2） can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”,如：
Mary____my letter; otherwise she would have replied before
A couldn’t have received B ought to have received
C has received D shouldn’t have received
3） may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。如：
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2．表示虚拟语气。
1) needn’t have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于”didn’t need to do”,译为“其实没必要……”。如：
As it turned out to be a small house party, we____so formally.
A needn’t dress up B did not need have dressed up
C did not need dress up D needn’t have dressed up
2）should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该……”should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该……”。如：
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
（我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好，但实际上作者还是没有规划好，以至工作没有完成。）
3) ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”，与should 的完成式含义类似。如：
You ought to have told him that the paint on that seat was wet..
4) could have +过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。如：
What you said is right, but you could have done it better.
5) may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“（那样）也许会……”。如：
You may have noticed something while you were doing this task.
3.几个情态动词常考的句型：
1)may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近,意为“最好，还是，不妨”。
You may as well repeat the experiment.
2) cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over….如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。
3) usedn’t 或did’t use to 为used to (do) 的否定式。
Tom used not to rise at six every morning.
4）should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：
I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做。
二． 情态动词被动关系的主动表达法
1． want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。
Your hair wants cutting
The work is worth reading
The floor requires washing.
2．need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.
The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.
补充：
had better, should, ought to是重要的情态动词，也是高考重要考点，学习时应注意下列几点：
一、了解相互间关系
had better(最好), should(应该)与ought to（应该）均为提建议、阐述观点的情态动词，其后接动词原形。should 比had better语气强，ought to语气最强。一般情况下should与ought to可通用。
例1：You had better go there at once. 你最好立即去那里。
例2：You ought to / should work hard.你应该努力工作。
值得注意的是：should还有“竟然”之意，表出乎意料。
例：You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady. 你真是难以想象这么一个有风度的先生对一个女子是如此之粗鲁。
二、掌握句型变换方法
had better, should, ought to作为情态动词，各种句型变换均在自身形式上作变化。
（一）否定句
had better, should, ought to用于否定句时，否定词均位于其后，具体形式为：had better not do, shouldn't / should not do, oughtn't to do。
例1：You had better not start at this time. 此时你最好别出发。
例2：He shouldn't be careless in class. 他上课时不应粗心。
例3：She oughtn't to waste time. 她不应该浪费时间。
（二）一般疑问句
had better, should, ought to用于一般疑问句时，分别将had, should, ought提至句首。
例1：Had he better start early at once? 他最好立即出发吗？
例2：Should you do like this? 你应该这么做吗？
例3：Ought he to go there? 他应该去那里吗？
（三）反意疑问句
陈述句谓语动词含had better, should, ought to时，反意疑问句为：had, should与ought+主格人称代词或hadn't, shouldn't, oughtn't+主格人称代词。
例1：You had better not go home, had you? 你最好别回家，是吗？
例2：You should study hard,
shouldn't you? 你应该认真学习，是吗？
例3：He oughtn't to speak in class, ought he? 你上课不应该讲话，是吗？
三、掌握其完成式用法
had better没有完成式，should与ought to完成式意义与用法完全相同。
（一）should/ought to have done 意为本来应做但实际没有做，表达遗憾的感情色彩。
例：There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You ________ come, but why didn't you?
A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have
析：答案D。 该空含你本来应来但实际未来之意，应填ought to have。
（二）should / oughtn't to have done，意为本来不应做但实际已做，表达遗憾的感情色彩。
例：I was really anxious about you. You ________ home without a word.
A. mustn't leave
B. shouldn't have left
C. couldn't have left
D. needn't leave
析：答案B。 该空含你本不应该一句话不说就离开家但实际已这么做之意，所以应填shouldn't have left。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇4：考点4 情态动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
考点4 情态动词
1. If it were not for the fact that she sing, I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
2. Some aspects of a pilot’s job be boring, and pilots often work at inconvenient hours often.
A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must
3. The World Wide Wed is some times jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
4. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
5. John, look at the time. you play the piano at such a late hour?
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
6. Coffee be drunk while it is hot.
A. shall B. must C. will D. ought to
7. Tell him that he have the book tomorrow after noon.
A. shall B. will C. need D. dare
8. I lived with my uncle this summer and I didn’t have to pay rent. So I save most of my salary.
A. could B. would C. was able to D. should
9. - Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
- She . I’ve already borrowed one.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
10. There’s no light on --- they be at home.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
11. - What a shame! You didn’t seize such a good chance.
- I that job when it was offered.
A. should take B. would take C. must have taken D. should have taken
12. - The work will take me another week. I’m really tired.
- I think you as well consult an experienced worker.
A. may B. can C. need D. must
13. - How much shall I pay for the phone call?
- You . This is free of charge.
A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. don’t have to D. must
14. - Can I tell my best friend about it?
- No, I don’t want anyone else to know it. You keep it to yourself.
A. can B. need C. must D. may
15. - Would you like to have a taxi? - No, I walk there. It’s such a lovely day.
A. can B. ought to C. had better D. would rather
16. - Mum, why are you here?
-I’ve brought your camera. I thought you use it.
A. can B. should C. might D. will
17. - The woman biologist stayed in Mrica studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
- Oh, dear! She a lot of difficulties！
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
18. - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
-Thanks. You it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
19. - I stayed at the Futong Hotel while in Shanghai.
- Oh, did you? You with Baixue.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
20. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
21. - Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
- Well. He have gone far --- his coat is still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
22. I was on the high way when this car went past followed by a police car. They at least 150 km an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
23. - I saw Mr. Smith at the West Beijing Station this morning.
- You . He’s still on holiday in Hawaii.
A. couldn’t have B. mustn’t have C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
24. - Did you walk all the way home by yourself?
- Yes, I did. But I guess I .
A. needn’t B. needn’t have C. shouldn’t D. may not have
25. - Lucy have been to Mary’s wedding. They are the best friends.
- But she for some reason, because Mary asked us why Lucy had missed her wedding.
A. would; couldn’t B. should; can’t C. must; wasn’t able to D. must; might not
26. We wait for a bus to get to the station since we are not in a hurry.
A. might well B. might as well C. could well D. should as well
27. Better go to see my sick colleague right now, ？
A. hadn’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. won’t
28. He must be in the classroom, he?
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. isn’t D. can
29. There used to be a high tower here, ？
A. was there B. wasn’t there C. used there D. usedn’t there
30. - Look! Bob is carefully examine the electric lines.
- .
A. He should be too careful B. He must be too careful
C. He cannot be too careful D. He can be too careful
31. Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
32. I have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
33. He have completed his work ; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the sea side.
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
34. - Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.
- Well. He have gone far.
- His coat’s still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
35. If I plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
36. - Don’t you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York?
- I agree, but the problem is he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
37. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
- Oh, dear! She a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
38. He paid for a seat, when he have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
39. There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
40. This cake is very sweet. You a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put
41. - Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
- Something to him.
A. must happen B. should have happened
C. could have happened D. must have happened
42. It’s strange that they nothing about this matter.
A. should know B. would know C. had known D. knew
43. Let us stay here, ？
A. shall we B. will we C. will you D. may you
44. Mike up at five, but now he gets up at six.
A. used to getting B. would get C. was used to get D. used to get
45. Harry would rather than the secret.
A. die; telling B. die; to tell C. dead; tell D. die; tell
46. The plant is dead. I it more water.
A. should have given B. will give C. would give D. must give
47. - he use your bike now?
- Certainly. Here is the key,
A. Does B. Must C. Shall D. Will
48. They work in the street at night.
A. did not dare to B. not dare C. dared not to D. are not daring
49. I tell her the truth..
A. cannot help B. cannot but C. may not help D. could but
50. you tell me what has happened?
A. May B. Must C. Need D. Could
51. When a friend gave Jim a ticket for the game, he going.
A. couldn’t help B. couldn’t but C. could help D. just had to
52. Exercising alone be very boring, but when it goes along with music and friends, you’ll find a lot of fun !
A. can B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
53. - Shall I buy more food and drinks for the party?
- No. We have prepared a fridge of those. That __ __ be quite enough.
A. had to B. may C. might D. ought to
54. - You really shouldn’t have shouted to them.
- Right. I crazy then.
A. must be B. must have been C. could have been D. should have been
55. He have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
56. - The research on the new bird flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job?
- my students have a try?
A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. May
57. - Why didn’t you come to our party yesterday? There was a lot of fun.
- I , But I had an unexpected guest at home.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
58. Why we eat out when we can easily cook ourselves at home?
A. must B. shall C. can D. may
59. You not leave your post or you will be punished.
A. may B. shall C. will D. need
考点小资料：情态动词
I. can (could), 表示体力或脑力方面的能力，或根据客观规律能做某事的能力，意思是“能够”。can表“能够”时，既可指将来，也可指现在。be able to在表示能力时与can同义，但可用于各种时态，强调通过努力克服困难成功地做成某事，相当于managed to do 或 succeeded in doing。表示许可、允许，在疑问句中表示“请求，许可”，否定句中表示“不许”，此时可与may通用，有时cannot可以表示“禁止”，相当于“mustn’t”。表示推测，强调客观可能性“可能、会”，can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示猜测时，情态动词后可用进行式或完成式。
could表示“能力”“可能性”“许可”，为can的过去式。一般用于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，此时can，could并没有时间上的差别，只是could的语气更客气些。回答时用原形回答。
II. may (might), 表示许可，有“可以”的意思，询问一件事可不可以做，有时可以与can互换。其否定式may not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等，常用must not=mustn’t代替，may用于疑问句中，回答这种问题时，多避免用may，而用其他形式，以免显得口气太严峻或不客气。
表推测、或许、可能的意思，表示一件事或许会发生，只用在陈述句中。
表祝愿: May you succeed! = I hope you may succeed. May you be happy, healthy and wealthy!
might是may的过去式，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事；主句谓语动词是过去时态时用 might不用may。might一般用于比may的口气委婉，或表示现实的可能性更小一些的语境中。
III. must, have to, 表示必须要做的事，意为“必须“，否定式 mustn’t表示“不应该，不许可，禁止”等。因此，在回答带有must的问句时，不用mustn’t，而用 needn’t或don’t have to.
must在表示“必须”时与have to相近，have to比较强调客观的需要，must着重主观看法。另外must不像have to那样能有更多的时态。表推测，暗含很大的可能性，意为“一定”，只用于“肯定句”中。偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事)。如： Hey．boys！ Must you shout so loudly?
IV. shall, 用于二、三人称陈述句中。表示说话人给对方的命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等。在疑问句中，表示征询听话人是否愿意。用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
should表示劝告、建议常作“应当”讲，与ought to有时可互换，ought to更注重一些责任义务。should表示预测可能性，并译作“可能，(按道理)应该”；而ought协则表示非常可能。should用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议，ought to可表示因责任、义务等该做的事。
V. will, would, 表示意愿、意志和决心，适用于各种人称，可以用来表示各种倾向或习惯动作。有时还用来表示“难免”。其过去式是would，也可以是单独的情态动词，在表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法时，语气比will委婉，肯定的回答时用will.
VI. may well和may/ might as well后都接动词原形，是一种常用结构。may well+动词原形相当于 to be likely to，意为“(完全)能，很可能”。may/ might as well+动词原形相当于had better或幻have no strong reason not to，意为“最好，不妨”。cannot…too/enough表示“无论怎么……也不过分”，“越……越好”；cannot but do sth．表示“不得不，只好”的含义。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：分词专项练习(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
分词专项练习
Ⅰ 单项选择
1. the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen
2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth .
A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix
3.We're to listen to her _ voice. It's to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
4. _ a post office, I stopped some stamps.
A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy
5. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared
6.Here are some new computer programs for home buildings.
A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design
7. a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.
A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved
8.The teacher came into the classroom by his students.
A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed.
9.With the money , he couldn't buy any ticket.
A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost
10.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn't make himself .
A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear
11.The result of the test was rather .
A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint
12.I've never heard the word in spoken English.
A. use B. used C. using D. to use
13. how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known
14.Deeply , I thanked her again and again.
A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved
15.With winter on, it's time to buy warm clothes.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
16. the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown
17.He went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered
18.The student corrected his paper carefully, the professor's suggestions.
A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed
19.The price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces
20.People in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live B. to live C. lived D. living
21.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point .
A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood
22.The scientists were waiting to see the problem .
A. settle B. settled C. to settle D. settling
23.The library's study room is full of studentsfor the exam.
A. busily prepared B. busy preparing C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing
24.The ground is with leaves.
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
25.Lessons easily were soon forgotten.
A. to learn B. learn C. learned D. learning
26.The wallet _ several days ago was found __ in the dustbin outside the building. A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding
27.A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting
28. different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.
A. To produce B. Being produced C. Produced D. Having produced
29.The students in the university are all taking courses a degree. A. coming to B. going to C. leading to D. turning to
30.Many things impossible in the past are very common today.
A. considerB. considering C. considered D. be considered
31. many times, he still couldn't understand.
A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. telling
32.The old sick lady entered the hospital, her two sons.
A. to support B. supporting C. supported by D. having supported
33.China is one of the largest countries in the world, 9.6 million square kilometres.
A. to cover B. covered C. covers D. covering
34.“We must keep a secret of the things here”, the general said, at the man in charge of the information office.
A. discussed, stared seriously B. being discussed, seriously staring
C. to be discussed, seriously stared D. discussed, stared
35.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
36.“Can you read?” Mary said to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
37. the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room.
A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written
38.Were you when you saw that wild animal?
A. fright B. frightening C. frightened D. frighten
39.Properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.
A. marked B. mark C. to mark D. marking
40.The child sat in the dentist's chair .
A. tremble B. trembling C. trembled D. to trembled
41.At this moment the bell rang the end of class.
A. announce B. announcing C. announced D. to announce
42.He walked down the hills, softly to himself.
A. sing B. singing C. sung D. to sing
43.I had to shout to make myself above the noise.
A. heard B. hearing C. heard D. to hear
44.The graduating students are busy material for their reports.
A. collect B. to collect C. collected D. collecting
45.The cars ___ in Beijing are as good as those in Shanghai.
A. produce, produce B. produced, produced
C. produced, producing D. producing, producing
46.When I came in, I saw Dr. Li a patient.
A. examine B. examining C. to examine D. examined
47. a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.
A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given
48. a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.
A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given
49.He wrote a letter to me that his trip to Japan had been put off because of the bad weather.
A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed
50.He reads newspapers every day to keep himself __ about what's going on in the world.
A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed
Ⅱ. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空
1.She caught the student (cheat) in exams.
2.When I got there, I found him (repair) farm tools.
3.When I got there, I found the farm tools . (repair)
4.Just then he heard someone _ (call) for help.
5.He worked so hard that he got his pay . (raise)
6.The missing boys were last seen (play) near the river.
7. His __________(frighten) expression made his wife __________ (surprise).
8.The workers had the machines (run) all night long to finish the work on time.
9.People in the south have their houses (make of ) bamboo.
10. (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
Ⅲ. 改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语
1.Look round when you cross the street.
2. When she heard the news, she burst into laughter.
3. As she was still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
4.Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other.
5.A cold rain was falling. It was mixed with snow.
6.While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
7.The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson.
8.The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful.
9.There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.
10.The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money.
Ⅳ. 用分词结构翻译下列句子
1. 众所周知,旅游十分有趣,但当我们旅游回来,我们经常感到疲惫.(用分词作表语和状语)
2. 张教授提出的建议被政府拒绝了.( 用分词作定语)
3. 我希望这项工作在星期五前做好. (用分词作宾语补足语)
4. 当我到达这儿我发现他坐在书桌旁. (用分词作状语和宾语补足语)
5. 由于不知道接下来该干什么,他只好向我求助. (用分词作状语)
参考答案
Ⅰ、1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.C
11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.D
21.D 22.B 23.B 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.C 30.C
31.A 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.C 36.A 37.B 38.C 39.A 40.B
41.B 42.B 43.C 44.D 45.B 46.B 47.A 48.B 49.B 50.C
Ⅱ、1. cheating 2.repairing 3.repaired 4.calling 5.raised
6.playing 7.frightened; surprised 8.running 9.made of 10.lost
Ⅲ、1.Look round when crossing the street.
2.Hearing the news, she burst into laughter.
3.Being still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
4.Gentlemen always shake hands when introduced to each other.
5.A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.
6.While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
7.The old man walked slowly, supported by his little grandson.
8.The ground covered with white snow looks very beautiful.
9.There is a tall tree covering the entrance to the cave.
10.The worker wrote to the police disclosing who stole the money.
Ⅳ. 1. As is known to us all, traveling is interesting, but we often feel tired when being back from travels.
2. The suggestion put forward by professor Zhang was rejected by the government.
3. I want this work finished by Friday.
4. When getting there, I found him seated / sitting at the desk.
5. Not knowing what to do next, he had to ask me for help.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇6：情态动词的特殊用法 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
情态动词的特殊用法
情态动词的特殊用法是历年高考的考查热点。下面我们以实例进行解析，帮助同学们更好地掌握该内容。
1. _____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
解析：答案为B。Should you be fired = If you should be fired。英语中should是一个常用的情态动词，但它可用于条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，意为“万一，竟然”。
2. -What’s the name?
-Khulaifi. _____ I spell that for you?
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
解析：答案为A。Shall I/we . . . ? 是用来表示征求对方意见或建议的常用句型，它不表示将来。注意：shall的这一用法也适用于第三人称的疑问句中。例如：Shall he come to see you?（要不要他来看你?）
3. John, look at the time. _____ you play the piano at such a late hour?
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
解析：答案为A。此题考查must的特殊用法。这里must表示与说话人相反的愿望或语气不耐烦，意为“偏偏，偏要”。注意：近几年must表示“偏偏，偏要”这一用法已成为高考的一个热点。
4. -Must I turn off the gas after cooking?
-Of course. You can never be _____ careful with that.
A. enough B. too C. so D. very
解析：答案为B。can/could not（never） . . . too是一个固定搭配，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。
5. Some aspects of a pilot’s job _____ be boring, and pilots often _____ work at inconvenient hours.
A. can；have to B. may；can
C. have to；may D. ought to；must
解析：答案为A。考查can表示一时的可能性、偶尔发生的事情，意为“有时会”。这个考点在近几年高考中备受青睐。第二空表示“不得不”。
6. -When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
-They _____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
解析：答案为B。should可用于肯定句中，表示说话人较为婉转的推测，并留有余地，具有“可能；该”之意。
7. When he was there, he _____ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
解析：答案为A。would此处表示过去反复发生的动作或行为，意为“总是，习惯于”。
8. -Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
-You _____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.
A. shan’t B. might not
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
解析：答案为A。在表达“许诺、警告、意图、命令、决心”等，且主语为第二、第三人称时，须用情态动词shall。
9. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
解析：答案为C。should可用在表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等语气的名词性从句中，意为“竟然、竟会”。这一点也是近年高考的热点。
10. Many people agree that _____ knowledge of English is a must in _____ international trade today.
A. a；不填 B. the；an C. the；the D.不填；the
解析：答案为A。句中的must为名词，意为“必需的物品、不可缺少的东西”。如果同学们对must作名词的用法掌握较好，则非常有助于对该题的理解与解答。
11. How _____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
A. can B. must C. need D. may
解析：答案为A。can可用在疑问句、否定句中，表示说话者对那人所说的“只看了文章的一部分，就知道整个故事”感到怀疑和惊讶。
12. The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone _____ get out.
A. had to B. would
C. was able to D. could
解析：答案为C。was/were able to表示经过努力而成功地做成某事，相当于managed to do/succeeded in doing；而could只表示过去具备某种能力。
13. There’s no light on - they ____ be at home.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
解析：答案为A。该题考查情态动词表推测。情态动词表推测时，must用于肯定句,can用于否定和疑问句。
14. Tom, you _____ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
解析：答案为B。此处mustn’t表示强烈的否定，意为“千万别，一定不要”。
15. _____ we never forget each other.
A. May B. Can C. Must D. Should
解析：答案为A。此处may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。整句意为“愿我们彼此永不相忘。”又如：May you return in safety. （愿你平安归来。）
练习：
1. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _____ it be that he was late for opening ceremony?
A. can B. should C. may D. must
2. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter _____ go and do the opposite!
A. may B. can C. must D. should
3. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
4. “The interest ___________ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
5. You can’t imagine that a top student ______ have failed in the college entrance examination.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
6. Football, as is known to the world, _______ be exciting and inviting.
A. should B. might C. can D. will
7. -_____ he open the door?
-Yes, please.
A. Shall B. Will C. Can D. Would
8. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _____ be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
9. -Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
-No, it ______ be him-I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
10. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
11. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow
12. You _____ use my bike on condition that you give it to me before I leave here.
A. should B. must C. ought to D. shall
（Keys: 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. D）
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇7：定语从句专项练习(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
定语从句专项练习
1．The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.（全国03 .28）
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
2. George Orwell, _______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. （北京，2004.26）
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
3. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. （北京2004.34） A. It B. As C. That D. What
4．There was time I hated to go to school .（湖北2004.23）
A．a; that B．a; when C．the; that D．the ; when
5．There are two buildings , stands nearly a hundred feet high .（湖北2004. 25） A．the larger B．the larger of them
C．the larger one that D．the larger of which
6．What surprised me was not what he said but he said it . （湖南2004 29） A．the way B．in the way that C．in the way D．the way which
7. Playing tricks on others is _____ we should never do. (湖南2004 21)
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
8. I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.（湖南2004 23） A. how B. which C. where D. that
9. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （江苏2004 33 ）
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
10．The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80% are sold abroad .（全国 2004 35）
A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that
11. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.（全国2004 23）
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
12. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
13. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
14．-Is that the small town you often refer to?
-Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.（福建 35 ） A．that B．which C．where D．what
15. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger. (广东 2005 35)
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
16．Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. (湖北2005 29)
A．who B．that C．what D．which
17. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (江苏 2005 32 )
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
18．The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. （江西 2005 25 ）
A．in that B．for that C．in which D．for which
19．I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （辽宁 2005 28 ） A．which B．when C．where D．that
20．Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom? （辽宁 2005 29 ）
A．that B．what C．as D．which
21. He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ he went on to Cambridge. （山东2005 30 ）
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
22. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _______effects the people are still suffering. （天津 2005 13 ）
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
23. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江2005 2 ) A．which B．that C．this D．it
24. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (浙江2005 17 )
A．When B．After C．As D．Since
25. Mark was a student at this university from to , ____ , he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union. ( 重庆 2005 32 )
A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time
26．I have many friends , some are businessmen . （全国02 2005 24 ）
A．of them B．from which C．who of D．of whom
用定语从句翻译下列句子。
1） 这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。
2） 这是我曾经住过的村庄。
3） 正在唱歌的女孩是我的同学。
4） 全心全意为人民的人应当受到尊重。
5） 应当做的事情都已经做了。
6） 他失败的原因是他粗心大意。
7） 他用来写字的钢笔丢了。
8） 你去过毛泽东出生的那间小屋吗？
9） 今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展。
10） 老师把老外介绍给我，他就是著名的教授。
三 句型比较
1．①The man she married last year was a soldier.
A whom B to whom C with whom D．whose
②The man she was married was a soldier．
A whom B to whom C with whom D who
2．①The reason she gave up teaching was her serious illness．
A for that B for which C which D．why
②The reason he was dismissed is not difficult to explain.
A that B for which C which D for that
3．①The day she spent with us was never to be forgotten.
A．/ B．on which C when D．in which
②The day she played with us was never to be forgotten.
A. that B. when C. which D. /
4. ① Is this the factory you visited last week?
A where B which C. to which D. in which
② Is this factory you visited last week?
A. that B which C in which D. the one
5. ① The house window faces south is for the doctor.
A. which B. that C. whose D. of which
② The house faces south is for the doctor.
A. which B. whose C. who D. where
6. ① She brought forward a plan we couldn’t agree.
A. that B. which C / D. to which
② She brought forward a plan we couldn’t accept.
A. / B. for which C. to which D .of which
7. ① The invention she spent 2 years will do well to the world.
A.which B. / C. on which D. when
②The invention took her 2 years will do well to the world.
A. which B. / C. on which D. it
8. ① The English subject, I do well , is important in middle schools.
A which B that C in which D. at which
②The English subject , I have mastered well , is important in middle school.
A / B at which C that D in which
9. ①Tom, I went to the concert , is a friend of mine.
A whom B who C with which D whose
②Tom， bicycle 1 went to the concert，is a friend of mine．
A whom B who C whose D on whose
10．①The place you visited during your holidays is where I used to be for years
A where B which C in which D．to which
②The place you stayed for 3 years is where an ancient city used to be.
A where B which C that D to which
11．①She will fly to Washington， is the capital of the U．S．
A that B where C which D in which
②She will fly to Washington， she can enjoy herself．
A where B that C which D ／
12．①The story happened on a day the weather was wet and cold．
A when B which C in which D on when
②The story happened on a day was wet and cold．
A then B on which C which D ／
13．①The sun heats the earth， we all know．
A that B which C as D where
②The sun heats the earth， makes it possible to grow crops．
A which B that C as D where
14．①Tom， we had expected，got the 1st place in the competition(比赛)．
A as B which C whom D who
②Tom， we had expected to help us，didn’t even show his face .
A as B whom C that D which
单项选择题：
1. I, ___your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A.who is B.who am C.that is D.which am
2. The old man has two sons, ___are lawyers.
A.both of them B.both of who C.both of whom D.both of they
3. He is a man of great knowledge, ___much can be learned.
A.in whom B.about whom C.from whom D.of whom
4. I can tell you ___he told me last week.
A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all that
5. Is oxygen the only gas ___helps fire burn?
A.that B./ C.which D.what
6. Air, ___we breathe every day, is around us all the time.
A.that B./ C.which D.it
7. This is the museum ____we saw an exhibition the other day.
A.that B.which C.where D.in that
8. This museum is ___you visited the other day.
A.that B.which C.where D.the one
9. This is the museum ___you saw the other day.
A.that B.where C.in which D.in that
10. It is the third time ___late this month.
A.that you arrived B.when you arrived
C.that you’ve arrived D.when you’ve arrived
11. It was in 1969___the American astronaut succeeded in landing
on the moon.
A.that B.which C.in which D.when
12..We often think of the days ___we spent together on the island.
A.when B.which C.in which D.during which
13. Have you ever been to Shanghai, ____I left ten years ago?
A.where B.which C.that D.when
14. He has left Beijing, ___a meeting is to be held.
A.when B.where C.as D.which
15. This is the very place ___I’m wishing to live in.
A.where B.which C.that D.in which
16.I have bought the same dress ____she is wearing.
A.as B.that C.which Dthan
17.Can you solve such problems ___raised by the audience?
A.what were B.as were C.that were D.which were
18.The reason ___he didn’t come was ____he was injured.
A.that,because B.why,that C.why, because D.that, that
19.He must be from Africa, ____can be seen from his skin.
A.that B.as C.it D.what
20.His father died last year, ____made it impossible for him to go abroad.
A.when B.which C.as D.that
21.___is natural,he married Mary.
A.It B.What C.Which D.As
22.The buses, ____were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A.most of them B.most of which C.which most D.that most
23.All___is needed is a supply of oil.
A.the thing B.that C.what D.which
24.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows,most of ___had not been cleaned for years.
A.these B.those C.that D.which
25.In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______she could turn for help.
A.that B.who C. from whom D.to whom
26. This is one of the means ____the electic energy is conducted from one place to another.
A.by which B.by that C.through which D.through that
27. The place ___you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.
A.in which B.at which C.where D.which
28. The factory ___I am going to is the place ___my mother used to
work many years ago.
A.where,where B.where, which C.which,where D.that,which
29. Don’t do such things ___you are not sure about.
A.that B.which C.as D.what
30. Rober is good at language, ____we all know.
A.because B.for C.as D.since
二．改错
1．Is this the book your father bought it for you?
2．Who is the comrade you talked with him?
3．Have you been to the place where she works there ?
4．They are talking about the people and the things which they saw on their way home．
5．This is the very thing which I can tell you．
6．Is this all what you Wahl to say?
7．Shanghai is the biggest cit y，that has a population of more than ten million．
8．Which is the clock which is made in China?
9．Who is the man who is speaking to your mother?
10．I shall never forget the days when I spent with you
11．He has written a book．the name of it I have forgotten．
12．Father came back on April 4th when was my birthday．
1 3．Is this factory which you set up yourselves?
1 4．Is this the city where you visited last year?
15．This is the necklace for which she is looking．
1 6．Do you still remember the day which you joined the Party?
1 7．This is the boy his handwriting is the best in our class
18．It was the meeting which importance I didn’t know．
1 9．My father，that has been away recently, wants to see you．
20．He has three sons，two of them are music lovers．
21．As you know it，he has left for America．
22．Miss Li，who you met，is our English teacher．
23．The computer center，that was opened last year，is very large．
24．My pen which writes smoothly was given to me by my sister．
25．Those who wants to see the film put up your hands．
26．Those have seen the film think highlv of it．
27．That is the way which they work．
28. I have made the same mistakes like you have．
29．Here is,so big a stone as no one can move it．
30．The news which a war broke out in the Middle East surprised us.
一 1-5 ADBBD 6-10 ABCDA 11-15 CADCA 16-20 DCDCB 21-26 CBACAD
二 1. This is the magazine I like best.
2. This is the village where I used to live.
3. The girl who is singing is one of my classmates.
4. Those who serve the people heart and soul should be respected.
5. Everything that should be done has been done.
6. The reason why he failed is his carelessness.
7. The pen with which he writes is lost.
8. Have you ever been to the small house in which Chairman Mao once lived.
9. This afternoon we’ll go to see the photo show that you have visited.
10. The teacher introduced me the foreign guest, who is a famous professor.
三句型比较1
1-5 AB BD,B AB BD CA 6-10DA CA CA CD BA
11-14 CA A C CA AB
四 答案：1－5 BCCDA 6-10CCDAC 11-15ABBBC 16-20ABBBB
21-25 DBBDD 26-30ADCCC
五.改错答案与分析：
1．去掉it。因为被省去的关系代词是从句中谓
语动词的宾语。
2．去掉him。
3．去掉there，因为关系副词是从句中的状语。
4．改which为that。
5．改which为that，先行词被only，very，a11，
much，little，few，nobody，no one，anybody，some-
body，everything，nothing，anything以及形容词最高
级、序数词所修饰时，关系代词用th。t。
6．改what为that。
7．改that为which，在非限制性定语从句中，修
饰物用which。
8．改第二个which为that，以免重复。
9．改后面的who为that，以免重复。
10．改when为which或that，用作spent的宾语。
11．改the name of it为the name of which。
12．改when为which，作从句的主语。
13．改which为the one。
14．改where为which或that，作visit的宾语。
15．100k for是短语动词，不能拆开使用。
第一部分语法知识
16．改which为when。
17．改his为whose。
18．改which为whose。
19．改tllat为who，非限制性定语从句，表示人的
主格时用who。
20．改two of them为two of whom
21．去掉it，因为as在此句中是关系代词，作
know的宾语。
22．改who为whom，非限制性定语从句。表示
人的宾格。
23．改that为which。
24．改My为The，限制性定语从句的先行词不
用物主代词和指示代词修饰。
25．改wants为want。
26．Those后面加who。
27．改which为that或in which．也可省去
which。
28．改like为as，定语从句中主句中有the same．
such。as，so时，关联词用as。
29．改as为that，that是从属连词引导状语从
句；或去掉句中的it。
30．改which为that，这是同位语从句，不是定语
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇8：高三英语复习与训练二十一一--情态动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高三英语复习与训练二十一一--情态动词
21. 情态动词
21.1 情态动词的语法特征
1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2） 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
21.2 比较can 和be able to
1）can/could 表示能力；可能 （过去时用could）, 只用于现在式和过去式（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to的情况：
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。
注意：could有时不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：
--- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。
2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。
21.3 比较may和might
1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：
May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
He might be at home. 他可能在家。
注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may 小。
2） 成语：may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨”。例如：
If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况确实如此，我们不妨试一试。
典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may。此句意可从后半句推出。
21.4 比较have to和must
1） 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2） have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如：
He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。
3） 否定结构中：don't have to表示“不必”，mustn't表示“禁止”。例如：
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你不得把这件事告诉他。
21.5 must表示推测
1） must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。
2） must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。例如：
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：He must be staying there. 他现在肯定在那里。
He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。
3） must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。例如：
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4） must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。例如：
---Why didn't you answer my phone call? 为何不接我的电话？
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.唉，肯定在睡觉，所以没有听见。
5） 否定推测用can't。例如：
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
21.6 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。例如：
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 我不知道她在哪儿，可能在武汉。
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。例如：
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时，想必我们老师正在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测。例如：
The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时，表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。例如：
Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。例如：
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。
21.7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1） may（might） have + done sth, can （could） have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如：
Philip may （might） have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 菲力浦可能在车祸中受了重伤。
Philip can （could） have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2） must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”，“谅必”的意思。例如：
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. 琳达已经去上班了，但她的单车还在这儿。
---She must have gone by bus.肯定乘巴士去的。
3） ought to have done sth, should have done sth表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。例如：
You ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment. 你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不该把旧衣服扔了。（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4） needn't have done sth表示本没必要做某事，但做了。例如：
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
旅行时，我衣服穿得较多，其实没有必要。那时天很热。
5） would like to have done sth表示本打算做某事，但没做。例如：
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想读这篇文章，但太忙了一直没读。
17.8 21.8 should 和ought to
除了上述的用法，两者还可表示“想必一定，按理应该”的意思。例如：
I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能维持了。
It ought to be ready now. 想必现在准备好了吧。
They should be there by now, I think. 现在他们该到那儿了。
The poems should be out in a month at most. 诗集估计最多还有一个月就要出版了。
21.9 had better表示“最好”，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。例如：
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。
She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为“本来最好”。例如：
You had better have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点。
21.10 would rather表示“宁愿”
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿…而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。例如：
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. 如果有选择的余地，我宁可辍学离开这个学校。
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我宁愿呆在这儿，而不愿回家。
典型例题
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为“宁愿”，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。
21.11 will和would
注意：1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。例如：
Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗？
2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。例如：
Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。
3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down? 你不坐下吗？
21.12 情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No, I needn't
Must you…? No, I don't have to.
典型例题
1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C. could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。
2）---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。
3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B. will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表“意愿、意志、决心”，本题表示决心，选B。
21.13 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to （=must）, be able to，为六个。它们的疑问、否定形式应予以注意：
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。
典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have told。
21.14 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1） 实义动词：need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth
2） 情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。例如：
Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇9：高考英语陷阱题总结--情态动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳--情态动词
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _____ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”
A. shall B. will
C. would D. can
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选A.shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：
（1） 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：
Shall I help you？ 要不要我帮帮你？
Shall I open the window？ 要我把窗子打开吗？
（2） 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等（可用于各类人称）。如：
You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。（表威胁）
Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。（表规定）
You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。（表允诺）
请做以下试题（答案均选 shall）：
（1） “I promise that she _____ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her？”
A. should B. must
C. would D. shall
2. You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. cannot B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t D. needn’t
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选A.cannot…too…是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太……，无论怎样……也不算过分，越……越……”。如：
You can’t be too careful. 你越仔细越好。
You can’t praise the too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。
We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。
A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。
注：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：
It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。
3. “Is John coming by train？” “He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.”
A. must B. can
C. need D. may
【陷阱】可能误选B或C.
【分析】最佳答案为D.may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不（会坐火车来）”。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D.注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。
4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”
A. may not be B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选 couldn’t be，即选C.
5. “Do you think he is lazy？” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
C. may think D. might think
答案选A.从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A.请看类例：
Their answers are exactly the same - one of them ______ from the other.
A. must copy B. must have copied
C. should copy D. should have copied
答案选B，既然两人的答案完全一样，说明“抄袭”已经发生，故用“情态动词+动词完成式”，根据句意，应选B而不能选D.
6. You _____ be right, but I don’t think you are.
A. can B. could C. must D. should
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式 could，但是最佳答案却是B而不是A.按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的 could 并不是 can 的过去式，与 can 也没有时间上的差别，只是 could 比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选B.注：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be （get, seem, become）＋形容词”，表示“有时会”、“时常会”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. “I thought you wouldn’t mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you _____ me first.”
A. should ask B. should have asked
C. must ask D. must have asked
2. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”
A. must be B. must have been
C. might be D. can have been
3. That car nearly hit me; I ______.
A. might be killed B. might have been killed
C. may be killed D. may been killed
4. It’s a very kind offer, but I really _____ accept it.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t
C. can’t D. don’t
5. The police still haven’t found her, but they’re doing all they _____.
A. may B. can
C. must D. will
6. You _____ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.
A. needn’t B. mightn’t
C. mustn’t D. won’t
7. You _____ him the news; he knew it already.
A. needn’t tell B. needn’t have told
C. mightn’t tell D. mightn’t have told
8. As she’s not here, I suppose she _____ home.
A. must go B. must have gone
C. might go D. might be going
9. Are you still here？ You ______ home hours ago.
A. should go B. should have gone
C. might go D. may have gone
10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”
A. must be B. must have been
C. might be D. can have been
11. I _______ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.
A. may B. can
C. would D. should
13.“Shall we go shopping？” “Sorry, we _______ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.”
A. mustn’t B. needn’t
C. can’t D. shouldn’t
14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _____ be very poor.
A. mustn’t B. can’t
C. may not D. needn’t
15. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ______ have spoken at the meeting.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t
C. needn’t D. couldn’t
17. He ______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed.
A. might fail B. must have failed
C. should fail D. could have failed
18. “Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday？” “I’m not so sure. She ______ ill.”
A. should be B. should have been
C. must be D. might have been
19. Why did you just sit and watch？ You _______ me.
A. could help B. should help
C. could have helped D. must have helped
20. “You ______ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole day _______.”
A. can ask, will waste
B. must have asked, had wasted
C. could have asked, was wasted
D. shouldn’t have asked, would be wasted
21. “Is there a flight to London this evening？” “There _______ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.”
A. must B. might
C. would D. can
22. “Show me your permit, please.” “Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It ______.”
A. might fall out B. could fall out
C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out
23. “Look at these tracks. It _______ be a wolf.” “Don’t be so sure. I think it _______ be a fox.”
A. must; could B. may; might
C. need; must D. could; need
25. “Did Jim come？” “I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.”
A. might have come B. might come
C. mush have come D. should have come
◆答案与解析◆
1. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”，此处含有责备之意。
2. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B.注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。
3. 选B，表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用might + 动词完成式。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事，则可用 may [might] + 动词完成式，如 He may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了。
4. 选C.由句意可知。
5. 选B，do all one can 意为“尽力”或“竭尽全力”。
6. 选C，mustn’t 在此相当于 can’t，且语气更强。
7. 选B，“needn’t + 动词完成式”的意思是：本来不必做某事，但实际上做了。上句意思是“你本来不必告诉他这个消息的，因为他（当时）已经知道了”。注意，句中 knew 为过去式。
8. 选B，must 后接动词完成式表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定已经做了某事”。
9. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”。
10. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B.注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定句。
12. 选A.may have done sth 表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测，意为“可能曾经”。
13. 选C.根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 意为“不能”。
14. 选B.根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 表推测，意为“不不能”。
16. 选D.couldn’t have done sth 表示对过去情况进行推测，意为“过去不可能发生过某情况”。
17. 选A.根据下文的 will be 可知，“他考试再不及格”是将来的事，据此可排除B和D.再根据语意，排除C.
18. 选D.从时间上看，由于是昨天没来开会，所以推测他生病也应指昨天，故排除A和C.从语境上看，既然上文说 I’m not so sure，那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选D.
19. 选C.根据上文的过去时态可知，此句谈的是过去的事，故排除A和C.根据语境排除D.
20. 选C.couldn’t have done sth 结构在此表示责备，指过去本来可以做某事但实际上未做。第二空填 was wasted，陈述的是过去的一事实。
21. 选B.根据下文的 I’ll phone the airport and find it out 可知，说话人对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选 might.若选A，语气太强，不合语境；若选D，不合语法习惯，因为can 表推测通常不用于肯定陈述句中。
22. 选D.既然“通行证现在不在口袋里”，那么它“掉出去”应发生在过去，故排除A和B.比较选项C和D所表示的意思，选D更恰当。
24. 选A.根据 Don’t be so sure 可知前面一空应填must.第二空填的could表示推测，虽为过去式形式，但表示现在意义，语气较委婉，它与表推测的 can 主要用于否定句和疑问句不同，它可以用于肯定陈述句。
25. 选A.根据句中有关时态可知“他来”发生在过去，故排除B；根据 I don’t know 可知选项C语气太肯定，不合适；选项D的意思是“本来应该来”，与语境不合。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇10：高三英语复习(情态动词、虚拟语气) (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)
高三英语复习专题(情态动词、虚拟语气)
（出题人：蔡炳成）
情态动词常规题：
1. I lived with my sister this summer and didn’t have to pay rent. So I ______ save most of my salary.
A. could B. would C. was able to D. should
2. --- Look, John’s fallen asleep.
--- Oh, he ______ too late last night.
A. might sit up B. should have sat up C. could sit up D. must have sat up
3. On Sundays when I was a child, Father and I ____ get up early and go fishing.
A. could B. would C. might D. should
4. --- Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting.
--- Yes, but I think the weather office’s computers ___ be more accurate.
A. can B. must C. ought to D. might
5. --- Are you still going to Shanghai for the Spring Festival?
--- Yes, but I really ____ because I have a lot of things to deal with.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. won’t D. shouldn’t
6. –Well, I forgot to bring my dictionary here yesterday.
-- Actually you ____ it here. You were not allowed to use it.
A. needn’t bring B. needn’t have brought
C. didn’t need to bring D. don’t have to bring
7. --- Shall I book the table for the dinner?
---Yes, you____. The restaurant is always full of people.
A. can B. will C. must D. need
8. The poor boy ____ the test again; in that case, his mother will be very disappointed.
A. must have failed B. might fail C. could have failed D. should fail
9. --- Why ____ it rain now? I ___ go to the concert at 7.
--- What a pity!
A. can; might not B. should; needn’t C. must; can’t D. need; mustn’t
10. --- We need some fresh air, but the window open.
--- _____I help you?
A. didn't; Will B. shan't; Need C. mustn't; May D. won't; Shall
11. -- What do you think of your nephew?
-- He _____ be very naughty but at the same time you _____ help liking him.
A. will; will B. won’t; can’t C. may; may D. can; can’t
12. It was impossible that she____ go down, step by step down the unexpected stairs into the dark below.
A. should dare B. should dare to C. must dare D. must dare to
13. --- I am told that John had another car accident this morning.
--- I believe not. He ______ so careless.
A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been
C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been
14. ---You ought to have given them some advice.
---____, but who cared what I said?
A. So I ought B. So ought I C. So I did D. So did I
15. ---Write to me when you get home.
---______.
A.I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
16. Shut your mouth. Nothing ___ stop me once I have made up my mind.
A. will B. ought to C. shall D. must
17. Keep up a good state of mind even if you _____fail plenty of times.
A. must B. will C. can D. should
18. The policeman told the pupils. “You _____ play football in the street.”
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
19. If you ____ wait a moment, I will go and find our manager.
A. can B. should C. will D. must
20. Don’t believe him. His story ____ be true.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. may not
情态动词高考题：
21. --- I think I’ll give Bob a ring.
--- You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.（06苏）
A. will B. may C. have to D. should
22. --- What’s the name?
--- Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you? （06京）
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
23. If it were not for the fact that she________ sing, I would invite her to the party.（06闽）
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
24. ______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（06鄂）
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
25. As you worked late yesterday, you___ __ have come this morning.（06陕）
A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
26. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ____put forward are turned down.（06福建）
A. could B. would C.不填 D. had
27. Some aspects of a pilot’s job _____ be boring, and pilots often _____ work at inconvenient hours. (06湖南)
A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must
28. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ____ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
(06江西)
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken
29. If I _____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of
it as possible. （05湖北卷）
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
30. - Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
- Something ________ to him. (05江西卷)
A. must happen B. should have happened
C. could have happened D. must have happened
31. John, look at the time. _____ you play the piano at such a late hour? （05全国卷3）
A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need
32. There _____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. （05上海卷）
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
33. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _____ at least 150 kilometers an hour. （05重庆卷）
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
34. I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere. （05北京春季）
A. must drop B. must have dropped
C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
35. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. （04重庆）
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
36. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up. （04广西）
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
37. --- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
--- You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it. （04湖南）
A. shan't B. might not C. needn't D. shouldn't
38. --- Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. _____I go out and play with Tom for a while?
--- No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. （04辽宁）
A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t C. May not D. Won’t
39. You ______ be tired---- you’ve only been working for an hour. （04全国II）
A. must not B. won’t be C. can’t D. may not
40. --- Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
--- Oh, he______ have been a very smart boy then. （04全国IV）
A. could B. should C. might D. must
41. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _______ not like the design of the furniture. （04上海春季）
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
虚拟语气:
42. I could have called you for help, but I ____ your number.
A. couldn’t have remembered B. didn’t remember
C. should have remembered D. hadn’t remembered
43. She suggested to the police in the police station that Mr. Smith ____.
A. stole the necklace B. should steal the necklace
C. had stolen the necklace D. steal the necklace
44. ____ it would stop snowing!
A. If only B. Only if C. Even if D. But for
45. My advice is that he ___ so much.
A. not smoke B. doesn’t smoke C. won’t smoke D. must not smoke
46. How I wish I ____ that! Everybody present was angry with me.
A. didn’t do B. hadn’t done C. wouldn’t do D. wasn’t doing
47. _____ it to clear up tomorrow, the tourists would climb to the top of the mountain to wait for the sun _____.
A. If; to raise B. Were; to rise C. Should; to rise D. Because; raising
48. ____the expense, I ___to Italy.
A. If it were not; go B. Were it not for; I would go
C. Weren’t it for; will go D. If it hadn’t been; would have gone
49. His illness was too serious; otherwise he_______saved.
A. could be B., couldn’t have been C. could have D. could have been
50. --- I have great difficulty working out this problem.
--- _____ to me, you _____ less difficulty with such problems.
A. If you had listened, would have had B. If you listened, would have
C. Had you listened, would have D. If you listen, will have
51. ---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?
---Yes, but I ___ busy doing my homework.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
52. _____the fog, we should have reached the top of the hill.
A. In spite of B. If there were no C. But for D. Because of
53. Tom insisted what he said ____ true and we insisted that he ____ and have a look.
A. be; should go B. should be; would go C. was ; go D. was ; would go
54. He acts as if he _______the owner of the house.
A. will be B. has been C. is D. were
55. It’s about time that you _____to study English.
A. begin B. will begin C. have begun D. began
56. How I wish it____! If it ___in a few days, the crops would be saved.
A. will rain; rained B. would rain; should rain
C. should rain; rains D. would rain; had rained
57. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______ away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
58. I’d rather you me the news.
A. not tell B. not to tell C. didn’t tell D. hadn’t told
59. The old professor gave orders that the experiment ______before 6.
A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished
60. ______ you succeed and ______you be healthy.
A. May; may B. Wish; wish C. Hope; hope D. Should; may
61. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d ______ there by now.
A. be B. was C. were D. are
KEY:
1-5 CDBCD 6-10 CCBCD 11-15 DBCCC 16-20 CDCCD 21-25 DACBD 26-30 CACBD 31-35 ACBBD 36-40 AAACD 41-45 CBCAA 46-50 BBBDC 51-55 ACCDD 56-61 BDDCAA
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篇11：非谓语动词专项练习题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
非谓语动词专项练习题
一、用所给动词适当形式填空：
A . ① I want one magazine ______ . ( read )
② My teacher wanted me ______ this question . ( answer )
③ The woman wanted her husband ______ at once . ( examine )
④ My bicycle wants _______ . ( repair )
B . ① What made you ______ so ? ( think )
② The girl was made _____ a man she didn't love at all . ( marry )
③ The show made me _______ in the study of science . ( interest )
④ He raised the picture to make everyone _______ clearly . ( see )
⑤ He raised his voice to make himself _______ . ( hear )
⑥ My father himself made some candles _______ light . ( give )
⑦ The boss made the workers _______ day and night . ( work )
C . ① You'd better get your own room _______ . ( clean )
② Yesterday he got his wallet _______ . ( steal )
③ You should get your friends _______ you . ( help )
④ The lecture got us _______ . ( think )
⑤ Don't get ________ in the rain . ( catch )
D . ① Did you see somebody _______ into the room ? ( steal )
② I saw him _______ in the room at that time . ( read )
③ She was glad to see her child ________ good care of . ( take )
④ I saw her _______ at the windows , thinking . ( seat )
⑤ She was seen ________ here . ( come )
E . ① I like _______ very much . ( swim )
② I don't like _______ TV at this time . ( watch )
③ He never likes _______ at the meeting . ( praise )
④ I feel like _______ to the cinema . ( go )
⑤ Would you like ______ with me ? ( go )
F . ① The man ______ at the meeting now is from the south . ( speak )
② I don't know the professor ______ at the meeting tomorrow . ( speak )
③ He is the professor _______ to dinner . ( invite )
G . ① It was so cold and he had the fire _______ all night long . ( burn )
② I have a lot of exercises ________ today . ( do )
③ “Do you have nay clothes _______ today ? ”asked Mother . ( wash )
④ You'd better have that bad tooth _______ out . ( pull )
⑤ I want to have him _______ a car for me . ( find )
H . ① He doesn't do anything but _______ all day . ( play )
② We have no choice but _______ . ( obey )
③ I'm thinking of how _______ my English . ( improve )
④ He made an apology for _____ late . ( be )
I . ① He told us about his trip in an _______ voice . ( excite )
② He told us his story in a _______ voice . ( tremble )
③ At the sight of a snake , the little girl was very _______ . ( frighten )
④ The boy was _______ , so I didn't believe him again . ( disappoint )
J . ① He is looking forward to ______ college . ( enter )
② He is looking forward to _____ nothing . ( see )
K . ① When he heard the news , he couldn't help ________ with joy . (jump)
② I couldn't help ______ by the beauty of nature . ( strike )
③ Sorry , I can't help ______ the housework today . ( do )
L . ①______ enough time , we'll do it better . ( give )
②______ a candle , he went on reading . ( light )
③______ from the hill , the park looks more beautiful . ( see )
④______ the people well , we must work hard at our lessons . ( serve )
二、单项选择：（1）
1. Saying always has less difficulty than _____.
A. done B. doing
C. to do D. having done
2. The girl is seriously ill. There is _____.
A. nothing to do but send for a doctor
B. something to do but to send for a doctor
C. nothing to do but to send for a doctor
D. anything to do but sending for a doctor
3. The rest of the money _____ to Alice.
A. is to send B. are to send
C. is to be sent D. are to be sent
4. Although swimming is his favorite sport, yet he doesn’t like _____ today.
A. to swim B. swimming
C. swim D. to have swim
5. She said she was sorry _____ the train, so she had to stay here for another day.
A. missing B. having missed
C. to miss D. to have missed
6. _____ the same mistake again made his parents very angry.
A. His being made B. He has made
C. He had making D. His making
7. I find the man hard _____.
A. to be pleased B. pleasing
C. pleased D. to please
8. You’d better not have the lights _____ all day long.
A. burning B. burned
C. to burn D. being burnt
9. It is _____ thinking about it now.
A. of no use B. not use
C. no use D. not of any uses
10. -Would you like to sing a song for us?
-_____.
A. I prefer not B. I prefer not to
C. I prefer to not D. I wouldn’t prefer
11. He insisted _____ the working site.
A. to be sent to B. being sent to
C. on being sent to D. that to be sent to
12. During the next ten years, she had to work hard _____ for the necklace.
A. paying B. to pay
C. for paying D. in order to paying
13. Janet was angry at _____.
A. my not waiting for her B. I didn’t wait for her
C. me not wait for her D. me to not wait for her
14. I prefer staying at home _____ the theater.
A. to go to B. for going to
C. to going to D. rather than go
15. Please get someone _____ the washing machine. I want to get it _____ as soon as possible.
A. to repair/to be repaired B. repair/repaired
C. to repair/repairing D. to repair/repaired
16. _____ more time, he could have done the work much better.
A. To be given B. To give
C. Given D. Giving
17. The information _____ to us is of great value.
A. brought B. taken
C. being taken D. being carried
18. The building _____ next month will be a modern hospital.
A. built B. being built
C. to be built D. be built
19. Jessie was sick _____ such noise.
A. of hearing B. to hear
C. of being heard D. heard
20. _____, he left the room.
A. Finishing the work B. Had finished the work
C. After finished the work D. Having finished the work
21. _____ afraid _____ behind, Bill studied even harder than ever before.
A. To be/of falling B. Being/fall
C. Being/of falling D. To be/to fall
22. The machine requires _____, so the workers are required _____ ready.
A. repair/to get B. repairing/to get
C. repairing/getting D. to be repaired/getting
23. Everyone dislikes _____.
A. being laughed B. to be laughed
C. being laughed at D. to be laughed at
24. Would you like Helen _____ you since you have some difficulty?
A. helping B. to help
C. has helped D. help
25. He is beginning _____ his mistakes.
A. correct B. to correct
C. correcting D. corrected
26. The Americans can’t use chopsticks _____.
A. to eat B. to eating
C. eating D. to eat with
27. My wish is _____ the people well in the future.
A. to serve for B. to serve
C. serving D. serving for
28. The poor boy, _____ with extraordinary strength, _____ from the ground.
A. filled/rose B. filling/rose
C. full/raised D. filled/risen
29. Most shops are open every day, Sunday _____.
A. including B. included
C. being included D. to include
30. _____ hot, he left only his stomach _____ with a piece of cloth.
A. Feeling/covering B. Feeling/covered
C. Felt/covered D. Felt/covering
31. He advised _____ a meeting _____ the problem.
A. holding/to discuss B. holding/for discussing
C. to hold/to discuss D. hold/discussing
32. _____ the teacher, and he will tell you the answer.
A. Asking B. Ask
C. If ask D. If you ask
33. The thief entered the room without _____.
A. noticing B. being noticed
C. having noticed D. having been noticed
34. I happened _____ the story when she told me about it.
A. having heard of B. to have heard of
C. to be heard of D. to hear of
35. He is said _____ abroad already.
A. having sent B. to be sending
C. to have been sent D. being sent
36. He was made _____ working because of his poor health.
A. stopping B. to stop
C. stopped D. stop
37. Do you consider it any good _____ again?
A. to try B. try
C. trying D. for you to try
38. I regret _____ you that we are unable to offer you a job.
A. informing B. having informed
C. to inform D. to informing
39. I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you call
C. your calling D. you’re calling
40. She admitted _____ the key.
A. being taking B. to take
C. having taken D. to have taken
41. Besides _____, she is kind and tender.
A. beautiful B. being beautiful
C. she beautiful D. is beautiful
42. I don’t want to speak to you, but I _____.
A. have to speak B. have to
C. must speak D. must
43. I wondered whether the movie was _____ worth _____.
A. very/seeing B. well/being seen
C. very/being seen D. well/seeing
44. The lecturer began by _____ us where the island was, and went on _____ about its history.
A. telling/talking B. to tell/to talk
C. telling/to talk D. he told/talking
45. After seeing the movie, _____.
A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read it
C. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested him
46. -Why doesn’t he take notes?
-He has no pen _____. He seems _____ it.
A. to write/to forget bringing
B. to write with/to forget to bring
C. to use with/to have forgotten to bring
D. to write with/to have forgotten to bring
47. When _____, water can be changed into vapor.
A. heated B. being heated
C. having been heated D. to heat
48. Having finished the work, _____.
A. it was almost six o’clock
B. a postman came and delivered the evening paper and some letters
C. supper had already been prepared
D. we had a rest and then had supper
49. _____, she felt quite shy at the party.
A. As she a stranger B. Being a stranger
C. According to a stranger D. She was a stranger
50. Flank went to the swimming pool _____ swimming.
A. to go B. gone
C. going D. go
51. The _____ girl sat in the corner, crying.
A. frighten B. frightened
C. frightening D. fright
52. On a _____ morning the little match girl was found _____ at the corner of the street.
A. freezing/freezing B. freezing/frozen
C. frozen/frozen D. frozen/freezing
53. They found a _____ old man _____ on the ground when the door was broken open.
A. dying/lying B. dying/lied
C. dead/lied D. dead/lain
54. Be quick, or you’ll get _____ in the rain.
A. to be caught B. catching
C. to catch D. caught
55. Who could have imagined such a sweet-tempered girl as Jane _____ such a thing!
A. doing B. to do
C. will do D. does
56. He told me not to leave the pot _____.
A. uncovered B. to uncover
C. to be uncovered D. uncovering
57. The experience made him _____ the study of science.
A. interest in B. to interest in
C. interesting in D. interested in
58. He managed to make himself _____ with his _____ English.
A. understood/breaking B. understood/broken
C. understand/breaking D. understand/broken
59. Did you hear the sound like that of a door _____?
A. burst B. to burst in
C. burst in D. to be burst in
60. I was deep in thought, so I didn’t notice _____.
A. him to come in B. him come in
C. he come in D. him coming in
61. Have you any objection to _____ there on foot?
A. be going B. going
C. go D. went
62. The wallet was returned to him without anything _____.
A. missed B. to be missed
C. missing D. to miss
63. The teacher was far from _____ with the result of the exam.
A. satisfy B. satisfied
C. being satisfied D. satisfying
64. Hurry up! Mother is sure _____ us at home.
A. waiting B. to wait for
C. to be waiting D. to be waiting for
65. Mr Brown is said _____ a new novel.
A. to writing B. to have been written
C. to be written D. to have written
66. When _____ into a warm room, the ice soon changed to water.
A. to take B. to be taken
C. taking D. taken
67. The old man walked in the street _____.
A. followed his son B. and following his son
C. and followed by his son D. followed by his son
68. _____ with fear, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, _____ his tail to the rain.
A. Trembling/exposing B. Trembled/exposed
C. Trembled/exposing D. Trembling/exposed
69. The two farmers _____ what appeared to be small guns forced the enemy officer to hand in his map.
A. carried B. were carrying
C. carrying D. had carried
70. Six _____ nine makes fifteen.
A. added to B. adds to
C. added up to D. added by
71. The lecturer _____ will be here tomorrow.
A. to talk about so much B. to be talking about so much
C. so much talking about D. so much talked about
72. _____ some of the questions _____, the Premier said goodbye to us.
A. Left/unanswered B. Leaving/unanswered
C. Leaving/unanswer D. Left/unanswer
73. _____ her mother had come, her face lit up.
A. Hearing B. Having heard
C. When heard D. When she heard
74. _____ in white, she looks much more beautiful.
A. Wearing B. Dressing
C. Dressed D. Having dressed
75. _____, the boy couldn’t enter his house.
A. Since the key had lost B. The key being lost
C. Lost the key D. Having lost the key
76. The Arctic is considered _____ the northern part of the Atlantic.
A. having been B. to have been
C. to be D. being
77. It is impossible for the work _____ within a month.
A. finishing B. being finishing
C. to finish D. to be finished
78. I am too glad _____ you.
A. to see B. seeing
C. saw D. at seeing
79. There is _____ what the weather will be like.
A. not knowing B. no knowing
C. not know D. no known
80. The bottle _____ the poison was sent to the laboratory for a test.
A. containing B. contained
C. which containing D. which is contained
81. _____ the children, we are all sure everything will be all right.
A. With him taken care of B. With he taken care of
C. With him taking care of D. With he taking care of
82. At first she wanted to go to the cinema, but on second thoughts she decided it would be better _____ at home and _____.
A. stay/work B. to stay/to work
C. stay/to work D. to stay/work
83. He didn’t speak to me, let alone _____ me.
A. help B. to help
C. helping D. helped
84. The people’s government does its best to have the living standard of the people _____.
A. risen B. raised
C. rise D. raise
85. The little girl found her teddy bear _____ under the bed.
A. hiding B. to hide
C. hide D. hidden
86. Mr Smith is _____ to our English evening.
A. more pleased than to come B. more pleased to come than
C. more than pleased to come D. more pleasing than to come
87. Once _____, a bad habit is rather difficult to get rid of.
A. formed B. to be formed
C. forming D. having formed
88. You can have no idea what is _____ to do when you come to see the strange boss.
A. ordering B. being ordered
C. to order D. to be ordered
89. The noise of the door _____ the baby.
A. closing waken B. to close woke
C. closed wake D. being closed woke
90. Please leave a window _____, for it’s too hot.
A. open B. opening
C. to open D. opened
91. _____ not knowing the answer to such an easy question!
A. Hope B. Decide
C. Imagine D. Think
92. He asked to be kept _____ about developments.
A. informing B. informed
C. to inform D. inform
93. _____ everywhere, the wolves had nowhere _____ themselves.
A. Hunting/to hide B. To hunt/to hide
C. Hunted/hiding D. Hunted/to hide
94. It _____ this way.
A. used to do B. used to be done
C. is used to doing D. is using to do
95. They have a lot of difficulty _____.
A. in overcoming B. to overcome it
C. to overcome D. to be overcome
96. Didn’t you forget us _____ together in the countryside?
A. to work B. to working
C. working D. worked
97. You always hear about planes _____ because of technical faults.
A. having been delayed B. being delayed
C. having delayed D. delaying
98. These are needed for _____ clothes, paper and other necessaries.
A. the making of B. making of
C. to make D. makings
99. Have the police caught _____ yet?
A. the prisoner who escapes B. the escaping prisoner
C. the escaped prisoner D. the prisoner have escaped
100. Do you still remember _____ you when you stayed in hospital?
A. my mother and me visiting B. my mother’s and my visiting
C. my mother and me to visit D. my mother and me to have visited
三、单项选择（2）
1. There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.
A. was B. being
C. were D. had been
2. The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.
A. found B. find
C. finding D. to find
3. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.
A. closing; trembling
B. closed; trembling
C. closed; trembled
D. closing; trembled
4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.
A. Stick in hand
B. With a stick in her hand
C. Sticks in hand
D. Sticks in hands
5. Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hoping
C. so that D. and
6. How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!
A. hearing B. heard
C. hear D. to hear
7. We should prevent pollution ______ happily.
A. from living B. living
C. to living D. to live
8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.
A. repair B. to have repaired
C. repairing D. fixing
9. Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.
A. to win B. winning
C. to winning D. to be won
10. The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.
A. turning B. to turn
C. to be turned D. turned
11. ----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?
----Last week.
A. to paint B. painted
C. painting D. to be painted
12. He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.
A. to swim; to swim
B. swimming; swimming
C. to swim; swimming
D. swimming; to swim
13. There is ______ what the weather will be like.
A. not knowing B. no knowing
C. not know D. no known
14. The novel is said ______ into many languages.
A. to translateB. being translated
C. to have been translated
D. having been translated
15. I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.
A. correcting B. to correct
C. corrected D. correct
16. They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to go
C. for risk to go D. risk going
17. He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.
A. teaching B. to teach
C. teach D. for teaching
18. ----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would
C. was going to D. did
19. How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!
A. hearing B. to hear
C. heard D. hear
20. ______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.
A. Entering B. Having entered
C. He entered D. Mrs Green entering
21. They set out ______ for the ______ boy.
A. searching; losing B. searching; lost
C. to search; lost D. to search; missed
22. ______ her mother had come, her face lit up.
A. Hearing B. Having heard
C. When hearing D. When she heard
23. They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.
A. found B. to find
C. find D. finding
24. ----Do you have anything more ______, sir?
----No. You can have a rest or do something else.
A. typing B. to be typed
C. typed D. to type
25. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.
A. to be informed B. on informing
C. informed D. informing
26. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.
A. to settle B. settling
C. settled D. being settled
27. Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?
A. teaching B. teach
C. who teaches D. who teaching
28. After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A. being interviewed
B. interviewed
C. interviewing
D. having interviewed
29. They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.
A. their not being able
B. their being not able
C. them not able
D. them being able not
30. They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to go
C. for risk to go D. risk going
31. ______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异体) of genes in human bodies.
A. Being exposed B. Having exposed
C. Exposed D. After being exposed
32. China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, , thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.
A. having realized B. realized
C. realizing D. to realize
33. Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.
A. filling; having hidden
B. filled; hidden
C. filling; hidden
D. filled; hiding
34. They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.
A. their not being able
B. their being not able
C. them not able
D. them being able not
35. Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?
A. to spend B. spend
C. spending D. spent
36. ----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?
----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.
A. locking B. to lock
C. locked D. being locked
37. I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.
A. informing
B. having informed
C. to have been informed
D. to inform
38. He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.
A. noticing B. noticed
C. to notice D. being noticed
39. After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A. being interviewed
B. interviewed
C. interviewing
D. having interviewed
40. He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.
A. as to be heard B. to be heard
C. as to hear D. to hear
41. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.
A. having B. to have
C. to have had D. having had
42. The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.
A. being carried out; to complete
B. carried out; to be completed
C. to be carried out; to complete
D. to be carried out; to be completed
43. The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.
A. that B. what
C. why D. because
44. Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.
A. make B. be making
C. having made D. have made
45. ----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.
----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.
A. to have bought B. to buy
C. buying D. to be buying
46. What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.
A. his not allowing
B. his not being allowed
C. having not been allowed
D. his being not allowed
47. To do a bit for the motherland, ______.
A. working hard is necessary
B. to learn a foreign language is needed
C. it is important to master science
D. one should serve the people whole-heartedly
48. Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.
A. to take B. taken
C. to be taken D. taking
49. The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.
A. carry out B. carrying out
C. to carry out D. carried out
50. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.
A. to settle B. settling
C. settled D. being settled
51. ----Do you have anything more ______, sir?
----No, you can have a rest or do something else.
A. typing B. to be typed
C. typed D. to type
52. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.
A. to be informed B. on informing
C. informed D. informing
1-5 BACAD 6-10 DDACB 11-15 CBACD 16-20 CACAD
21-25 CBCBB 26-30 DBABB 31-35 ABBBC 36-40 BCCCC
41-45 BBDCC 46-50 DADBA 51-55 BBADA 56-60 ADBCB
61-65 BCBDD 66-70 DDACA 71-75 DBDCB 76-80 CDABA
81-85 CDABD 86-90 CADDA 91-95 CBDBC 96-100 CBACA
答案：
A. 1.to read 2. to answer 3. (to be) examined 4. repairing / to be repaired
B. 1. think 2. to marry 3. interested 4. see 5. heard 6. to give 7. working
C. 1. cleaned 2. stolen 3. to help 4. thinking 5. caught
D. 1. steal 2. reading 3. taken 4. seated 5. to come
E. 1. swimming 2. to watch 3. being praised 4. going 5. to go
F. 1. speaking 2. to speak 3. invited
G. 1. burning 2. to do 3. to be washed 4. pulled 5. find
H. 1. 1. play 2. to obey 3. to improve 4. being
I. 1. excited 2. trembling 3. frightened 4. disappointing
J. 1. 1. entering 2. see
K. 1. 1. jumping 2. being struck 3. (to) do
A. 1. Given 2. Having lit 3. Seen 4. To serve
答案：
1------5BDBAB 6------10DDACD
11------15BDBCB 16------20AACBD
21------25CDDBC 26------30AAAAA
31------35ACCAA 36-----40CDAAA
41------45ACADA 46------50BDBDA
51-----55BC
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇12：情态动词和不定式完成式的用法详解 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
情态动词和不定式完成式的用法详解
I.情态动词+不定式完成式结构的意义分类
表达意义的类别 情态
动词 具体意义 例句
推测
may
/might
当时有可能 Tom hasn’t come back yet. He may have missed the bus again.
Sorry I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
They might not have gone to the movies yesterday evening.
can
/could
当时可能 She can have failed again.
Jack can’t have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephoned me.
My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he couldn’t have attended you lecture.
should
/ought to
当时比较可能 He set out early in the morning, so he should have arrived home by now.
They started at nine o’clock this morning. They oughtn’t to have arrived there by now.
will
/would
当时很可能 You will have heard the news, I’m sure.
The police would have gone through every room last night.
His brother would not have been elected as president.
must
当时肯定 I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didn’t they?
The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasn’t he?
They must have been very tired yesterday, weren’t they
需要 must 必须曾经 Any candidate for the job must have practiced for no less that three years.
情感(近似虚拟语气用法)
责备
不满
遗憾
might
mightn’t 本来可以/可能而实际没有;本来/可能可以不而实际做了 You might have been more careful
He might not have bothered her.
You are lucky enough. You might have been killed like that.
could 本来能够而实际没有 You could have come earlier.
---I didn’t go to class last night because my car broke down.
---you could have borrowed mine. I wasn’t using it.
should
shouldn’t
ought to /ought not to 本来应该而实际没有;本来不应该而实际做了 We should/ought to have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead.
They shouldn’t/ought not to have let you out of hospital so soon; otherwise, you would feel better.
needn’t 本来不必而实际做了 There was plenty of time. She needn’t have hurried.
We needn’t have watered the flowers for it is going to rain.
赞叹
惊奇
怀疑
should 当时居然 It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years. (赞叹)
I can’t think why he should have said that; it wasn’t my fault. (惊奇)
To think that should have happened to me! (吃惊)
It is a pity that he should fail in such exam.
can
/can’t
could
/couldn’t 当时可能/不可能
当时居然 Can she really have behaved so badly? （惊奇、怀疑）
Tony can’t have done that, he hasn’t the strength.（怀疑）
I’m surprised that he could/should have left without telling a word.(吃惊、不满)
申辩 would 本来应该、愿意、打算 Oh, what a pity. I would have been so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted to show you but I’ve left them at the table at home.
I would have come to help you with your work yesterday, only I was rather busy.
I would have visited you but it rained yesterday.
虚拟（与过去事实相反） might 可能当时 Had he come earlier, he might not have missed the train.
If I were you, I might have bought that car.
could 当时能够、可能 Had you attended the meeting last night, you could have met her.
If she hadn’t learned English hard, she could not have passed the examination.
should 当时可能、应该、愿意 If I had met you yesterday, I should have told you about it.
If he were wise, he should have come to see me.
I should have joined you yesterday evening, only I have been rather busy.
would 当时很可能、愿意 If he had caught the first bus this morning, he would not have been late for class.
He would have come and worked together with us, but he was not here yesterday.
I ought to have done so sooner，it would have saved me numerous misfortune．
II.情态动词+不定式完成式结构的分类练习
can/could
1. Some women _____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.
A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have made
2.It is not like Jack to be unfriendly, so he _____ you when you called.
A. can’t have seen B. should not have seen C. must not have seen D. need not have seen
3. Bob_____ to Norfolk yet. He knows nothing about the place at all.
A. can’t have been B. mustn’t have been C. shouldn’t have been D. needn’t have been
4. ---I’m told that John had another car accident this morning.
---I believe not. He ____ so careless.
A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been
5. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _______ your lecture.
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
6. ---Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday?
---No, We ______, but we decided not.
A. should have gone B. could go C. should go D. could have gone
7. The room is in a terrible mess; it ________ cleaned.
A. can’t have been B. shouldn’t have been C. mustn’t have been D. wouldn’t have been
8. ---We didn’t see him on the exhibition yesterday.
---He ______ it.
A. mustn’t visit B. can’t have visited C. should have gone to see D. may see
9. Mary ______ may letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A. should have received B. has received C. couldn’t have received D. ought to have received
10. I _______ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.
A. may come B. may have come C. could have come D. must have come
11. Under more favourable conditions, we ______ better.
A. need have done B. should do C. could have done D. might be doing
must
1. I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere. （,北京，春招）
A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D .must have been dropped
2．We’ve been waiting for hours to see the famous pop singer, but the airplane ________ behind the timetable.
A. must be B. will be C. would have been D. must have been
3. John’s sore in the test is the highest in the class; he ______ last nigh.
A. should study B. should have studied C. must have studied D. must have to study
4. Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _______ in her classroom.
A. should have been B. must have been C. must be D. should be
5. Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn’t. He _______ his mind.
A. can’t have changed B. wouldn’t have changed
C. must have changed D. shouldn’t have changed
6. The road was muddy. It _____ last night.
A. must rained B. must have rained C. must be rained D. could have rained
7. He must have finished his homework, _____he?
A. mustn’t B. must C. needn’t D. hasn’t
8. He must have attended the meeting yesterday, _______he?
A. didn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. hasn’t
should
1．We _____ for her because she never came.
A. needn’t wait B. mustn’t have waited C. shouldn’t have waited D. can’t have waited
2. I’m rather surprised you haven’t reported him to your teacher. In my opinion, you ____ this as soon as you found out he was cheating.
A. must have done B. might have done C. could have done D. should have done
3. ---We expected you yesterday.
---I’m sorry, I ______ you to say that I couldn’t be here until today.
A. must have called B. would be calling C. could have been calling D. should have called
4. I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
5.Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
6.Mr. White ______ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
7. With all the work on hand, he ______ to the cinema last night.
A. mustn’t go B. shouldn’t have gone C. could not go D. couldn’t have gone
8. Eve was late for class again. She _______ earlier.
A. should get up B. must get up C. need to get up D. should have got up
9. I didn’t send out my application form last week, but I _____ .
A. had B. would do C. should have D. might have
10.--- They have not finished the work up to now.
--- Well, they ______.
A. should have B. should C. ought to D. ought have
11. Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he ______ Tom to go with him.
A. might have asked B. should asked C. must have asked D. should have asked
may/might
1. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _____ during the day.
A. should have done B. would have done C. must have done D. may have done
2. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _______ from South America on rafts.
A. must have sailed B can sail C. might have sailed D. should have sailed
3. It was really very dangerous; you _______ him seriously.
A. might have injured B. could injure C. should have injured D. must injure
4. --- Why hasn’t Jane arrived yet?
--- She ______ again in the morning.
A. shouldn’t have overslept B. may have turned off the alarm clock
C. must have no one to call her D. should have someone to wake her up
ought to
1.You _____ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.
A. ought to come B. may have come C. ought to have come D. could come
2. We ______ the letter yesterday, but it didn’t arrive.
A. must receive B. ought to receive C. must have received D. ought to have received
3. When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I ____ there earlier.
A. ought to get B. ought to have got C. must have got D. must get
4. He didn’t do well in the exam. He _______ hard at his lessons.
A. must have worked B. ought to have worked C. would have worked D. has worked
5. --- Mr. Young, everything is ready for the meeting.
--- I’m sorry. I ______ to tell you the meeting had been put off.
A. should phone. B. ought to have phoned C. need to phone D. should have been phoned
needn’t
1. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____ so formally.
A. needn’t dress up B. didn’t have to dress up
C. might not have dressed up D. needn’t have dressed up
2.It was very kind of you to do the washingup, but you ____ it.
A. mustn’t have done B. wouldn’t have done C. mightn’t have done D. needn’t have done
3. You ______ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing.
A. needn’t have washed B, shouldn’t have washed
C must not have washed D. can not have washed
4. You _______ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
A. needn’t go B. had better not go C. should not go D. needn’t have gone
would
1. Oh, what a pity. It ______ so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted to show you, but I’ve left them at the table at home.
A. would have been B. would be C. had been D. was
2. I ________ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.
A. would have liked to give B. liked to give C. have liked to give D. would like to give
3. ---Why didn’t come to my party? I was so disappointed at your absence.
--- I’m very sorry. I ______ but I had a visitor at the last minute.
A. would like have B. would like to C. would like to have D. would like
4. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _______ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
5. ---Your sister nearly ______all her spare time to her course during the three years.
---That’s right, or she ________ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.
A. spent; wouldn’t take B. devoted; wouldn’t have taken
C. hadn’t devoted; hadn’t taken D. hadn’t spent; couldn’t take
II.情态动词意义分类
可能推测 需要职责 请求许可
许诺 意图打算 意愿决心 能力才能习惯倾向 功用(拟人)
辩解
注定
胆敢
can
could √
will
would √
would √
shall
should √
should √
ought to √√
have (got) to
must √
need
dare
used to
be to
1. shall 的用法。 shall 用作情态动词，主要用于疑问句中征求对方意见，意为“要不要”、“。。。好吗”：
Shall I get a chair for you?
What shall we do this evening?
2. should 的用法。 should 作为情态动词，主要表示“应该”：
You should study hard.
We should help him.
You should ask her first.
（1）有时表示“应该”，其实是一种推测，语气比 may, might 等表推测时要强：
The book should be interesting.
（2）有时用于第一人称的疑问句形式表示征求意见，与 shall 用法相似：
Should I open the window?
What should we do now?
（3）若用于谈论过去的情况，应用“should+have+过去分词”结构：
The train should have already left.
You should have told us earlier.
（4） 用于 should like / should love 可视为习语，意为“想要”，其后接名词、代词或不定式：
I should like you to stay here.
I should love to ask you a question.
Anthony
1 should的其他用法
A 当说话人对某种设想是否合理或正当提出疑问时，可把
should用于 can’ t think why／don’t know why／see no reason why：等后面：
I don’t know why you should think that I did it．
我真不知道你凭什么竟会认为这件事是我干的。
I see no reason why you should interfere in their quarrel．
我不明白你有什么理由竟然会介入他们的争吵。
当这种设想与过去的事情有关时则用完成式：
I can’t think why he should have said that it was my fault．
我真不明白他怎么能说这是我的过错。
B 作为一种惯用表达法，should与 what，where，who连用以形象生动地表达惊奇的感情：
What should I find but an enormous spider！
怎么也想不到我看见的竟是一只巨大的蜘蛛！
这种惊奇经常掺杂着令人为难的因素：
Who should come in but his first wife！
怎么也想不到进来的竟是他的前妻！
C should用在 lest后面，有时也用在 in case后面：
1 在书面语中，lest…should结构有时放在表示惧怕或担心的词后面：
He was terrified lest he should slip on the icy rocks．
他害怕在结冰的石块上滑倒。
对过去的动作表示担心时用should+完成式：
She began to be worried lest he should have met with some accident．
她开始担心他出了什么事。
2 lest也可用于目的从句，表示 for fear that（惟恐）：
He dared not spend the money lest someone should ask where he had got it．
他不敢花这笔钱，怕有人问他钱是从哪儿来的。
如上所示这是一种书面形式。
在这种情况下 in case较 lest更常用，后面可跟 should或一般现在时或一般过去时：
in case someone should ask／someone asked
惟恐万一有人问起（另参见第227节与第337节。）
D should 有时用于目的从句以代替 would／could：
He wore a mask so that no one should recognize him．
他戴了一个面罩，好让别人认不出他来。（参见第336节。）
E 在条件句中用should代替现在时态：
If the pain should return take another of these pills．
疼痛复发时，可再吃一片这些药。（参见第224节。）
F should 还用于颇为正式的间接命令，这种命令不一定是向对方直接发出的：
He ordered that Tom should leave the house．
他下命令叫汤姆离开这所房子。（参见第321节B。）
与下面一句比较一下：
He ordered Tom to leave．
他命令汤姆离开。（他亲自告诉汤姆。）
2 can 的用法大搜索
情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词can没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下:
1. 表示“能、会”,指脑力或体力方面的“能力”。例如:
I can speak English. 我会讲英语。
Jim can swim but I can’t. 吉姆会游泳,但我不会。
2. 表示“可能”,常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。例如:
Han Mei can’t be in the classroom. 韩梅不可能在教室里。
Can he come here today, please? 请问他今天能到这里来吗？
3. 表示“可以”,常用于口语中,指许可或请求做某事。例如:
Can I have a cup of tea, please? 请问我可以喝一杯茶吗？
You can go out. 你可以出去了？
补给站:
①can在口语中可以代替may,表示许可或可以。
②can’t在口语中代替mustn’t时,表示禁止或不准。例如:
You can’t play football in the street. 不准在马路上踢足球。
③情态动词can的过去式could,用于现在时,可使语气更委婉、更客气。例如：
Could you help me with my English? 你能帮助我学习英语吗？
情态动词can的基本句型
1. 肯定句型为:主语+can+动词原形+其它。例如:
They can play basketball. 他们能打篮球。
She can dance. 她会跳舞。
You can go to watch TV. 你可以去看电视了。
2. 否定句型为:主语+can not(can’t/cannot)+动词原形+其它。表示“某人不能(不会、不可能)做……”。其中can’t是can not的缩略式,英国多写成cannot。例如:
You cannot pass the ball like this. 你不能像这样传球。
I can’t ride a motorbike. 我不会骑摩托车。
3. 疑问句句型分为:一般疑问句句型和特殊疑问句句型两种类型
一般疑问句句型为:
Can+主语+动词原形+其它。表示“某人会(能、可以)做……吗？”,用于口语时,常表示请求或许可。其肯定答语用“Yes, 主语+can.”作答;否定答语用“No, 主语+can’t.”作答。注意答语中作主语的人称代词,应根据问句中的主语作相应的变化。其变化规则为:第一人称问,则第二人称答;第二人称问,则第一人称答;第三人称问,第三人称答。例如:
①-Can you sing an English song for us? 你可以为我们大家唱一首英语歌吗？
-Yes. 行。(注意在Yes后面常省略I can)
②-Can I skate? 我可以滑冰吗？
-Yes, you can. 可以。
③-Can she climb hills? 她能爬山吗?
-No, she can’t. 不,她不能。
特殊疑问句句型为:
a. Who+can+动词原形+其它。该句型中who相当于主语。例如:
-Who can sing in English in your class? 你们班上谁会用英语唱歌？
-Lily can. 莉莉会。
b. 特殊疑问词(作定语)+名词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用how many, how much等。例如:
-How many boats can you see in the river? 你能看见河中有多少只船吗？
-Only one boat. 仅有一只。
c. 特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用what, where, when等,一般用肯定陈述句作答。例如:
-What can you see in the picture? 你能在图画中看到什么？
-I can see some birds and two big trees in it. 我能看到一些鸟儿和两棵大树。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇13：情态动词must, can, could, may, might (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
情态动词must, can, could, may, might
表推测的用法：
情态动词中的must, can, could, may, might都表推测。其中must的可能性最大，can / could次之，may / might最小。具体用法如下：
1. must的用法
（1）表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“一定、准是”，语气较肯定，较有把握。
He must be American. = It is certain that he is American. 他准是个美国人。
（2）must表推测只能用于肯定句。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时，应用can`t,如询问某种可能时，应用can。
He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。（一定）
He can`t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不）
Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址吗？（询问可能性）
（3）must表示推测时，可以推测现在/正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。
He must have a car now. （现在）他一定有辆小汽车。
He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.（正在进行）他一定在教室里做练习。
He must have finished the work.（过去发生）他一定已完成了工作。
注：must表示推测时很少用于将来的情况。一般不用He must come tomorrow.可用It`s certain / I`m sure that he will come tomorrow.
（4）在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时，疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。
He must be a worker, isn`t he? （现在）他准时个工人，是吗？
It must have rained last night, didn`t it? （过去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？
You must have learned English for many years, haven`t you? （完成时）你一定学了好多年英语，是吗？
2. can / could的用法
（1）can表示推测“可能性”时，往往用于否定句或疑问句。Can`t“一定不”，语气很肯定。can在疑问句中意思是“会、可能”。
He can`t be at home. = It is impossible that he is at home. 他一定不在家。
（2）can /can`t后可接进行时/完成时，表示对现在发生的动作或过去发生的动作进行推测。
They can`t be reading in the library. 他们一定不在图书馆读书。
He can`t have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago.
他不可能去了上海，我刚才还看见他。
It`s so late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了，她可能去哪儿了呢？
（3）在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分含有表示推测意义的can`t时，疑问部分的助动词应与can`t后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致.
He can`t be a teacher, is he? 他不是教师，是吗？
She can`t have finished her homework, has she?
她一定没有完成家庭作业，是不是？
（4）could可用于表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。
Don`t eat it. It could be poisonous. 不要吃它，可能有毒。
The plane could be delayed by fog. 飞机可能会因为雾晚点。
（5）could还可以用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。
Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station?
Could you help me?
（6）couldn`t表示否定推测，表示某事不可能真实，或由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。
It couldn`t possibly be poison. 这不可能是毒药。
注：有时与形容词的比较级连用强调某人或某物不可能再更多地具有某种属性。
You couldn`t be more wrong. 你真是大错特错。
I couldn`t be happier. 我简直是幸福极了。
3. may和might的用法
（1） may, might表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“可能”、“也许”，语气没有 must肯定。
He may / might be American. = It is possible that he is American.
他可能是个美国人。
注：might不表示过去时态，只是语气上比may更委婉，表示的可能性更小。
（2）may, might表推测时，可以用于否定句，意思是“可能不、也许不”，但不用于疑问句。
He may / might not be at home. 他也许不在家。
（3）may, might可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。
He may / might be sleeping now. （现在）他可能正在睡觉。
The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. （现在）
这个男孩可能没在家看电视
These students may / might have seen the film before.（过去）
这些学生以前可能看过这部电影。
（4）may, might还可以推测将来的情况。
I think we should take raincoat with us, it may rain.
我想我们应该带上雨衣，可能要下雨了。
She might not come this afternoon. 她今天下午可能不来了。
Exercises: Complete the sentences using“must”or“can`t”.
1. I have tried to call him at the office, but there is no reply. He be at home.
2. They have bought a new car. They have a lot of money.
3. She is carrying a Japanese newspaper. She be Chinese.
4. He goes abroad a lot, He have an important job.
5. She is a professor at the university. She be very clever.
6. She is acting in a Shakespeare play tomorrow. She be an actress.
一. Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences:
1. I thought you like something to read. So I have brought you some books.
A. ought B. might C. could D. must
2. –That man must be Sarah`s husband.
--No, he be her husband. She is still single.
A. can`t B. mustn`t C. may not D. ought to
3. Peter come with us tonight, but he isn`t very sure.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
4. –What it be?
--It be a mail box, for it is moving. It be a car.
A. can; can`t; must B. can; can; must
C. can; mustn`t; must D. must; mustn`t; can
5. –Look, someone is coming. Guess .
--Jack. He`s always on time.
A. who can it be B. who he may
C. who he can be D. who it can be
6. –I saw Mary in the library yesterday.
--You her. She is still abroad.
A. mustn`t see B. can`t have seen
C. mustn`t have seen D. couldn`t see
7. David, you play with the valuable bottle, you break it.
A. won`t; can`t B. mustn`t; may
C. shouldn`t; must D. can`t; shouldn`t
8. Susan refuses to marry Jack now. She her mind.
A. must change B. should have changed
C. must have changed D. would have changed
9. Sue come together with us tonight, but she isn`t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. need D. will
10. Aunt Margaret the rain, otherwise she would have arrived here by now.
A. must have missed B. should have missed
C. had missed D. might miss
二. Fill in the blanks using must / can / could / may / might and their negative forms.
1. –Could I borrow your dictionary?
--Yes, of course you .
2. She doesn`t answer the bell. She be asleep.
3. The ground is wet. It have rained last night.
4. He is writing with a pencil. He have lost his pen.
5. A computer think for itself, it be told what to do.
6. There is much gas here, you smoke here.
7. –Was he present at the meeting?
--He not have attended it, for he was busy repairing his car all the time.
8. Look! An old man is lying in the middle of the street. He be hurt in an accident.
9. Nobody saw her at the meeting yesterday, she have spoken at the meeting
10. –My goodness. I just missed the train.
--That`s too bad. I am sure you have caught it, if you had hurried.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇14：语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词
（一）助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。
1、be (am, is, are, were, been)
(l)“be + -ing”构成进行时态；（2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；（3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：①表示按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。② 用于命令。You're to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。
2、have (has, had)
(1)“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。如：Have you seen the film ? (2)“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。如：What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么?
3、do (does, did)
(1)“do not + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。如：His brother doesn’t like playing basket.；(2)“Do + 主语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。Does he go to school by bike every day? (3)“do + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。如：I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。Do do some work. 请一定做点什么；(4)代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did.
4.will, shall (would, should)
“will (shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时，一般来说shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will代替shll，如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.
（二）情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。
将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下：
1、can和could (could为can的过去式) 的基本用法
(1)表示能力，如：He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用，如：You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示语气婉转，可用could代替can，这时could不再是can的过去式，如：Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式，如：He will be able to do the work better.
2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法
(1)表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意，如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般多不用may或 may not，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如：---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或 ---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些，如：May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用must not代替may not，如：---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous. (2)may或 might都可以表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如果用might表示可能性，则语气更加不肯定，如：They may (might) be in the library now .
3、must的基本用法
(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意，其否定式 must not，缩写形式为 mustn't，表示“不应该”，“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意，如：We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire. (2)对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have to (不 必)来回答，而不用mustn't，因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意，如：---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days. (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，如：---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just bought him a new one.
4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法
(1)can, could后接完成式的用法：①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度，Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如：---- When did you answer her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后接完成式的用法 ①表示对过去某事的推测，认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might，语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定，如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before. ②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气，如：You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better. (3)must后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的推测，认为某事在过去一定做到 了，如：Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.
5、have to 的基本用法：have to和must的意义相近，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观需要，如：I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.
6、ought to的基本用法
(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比should强，例如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推测，注意与must表示推测时的区别：He must be home by now .(断定他已到家)，He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定)，This is where the oil must be.(比较直率) ，This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) ；(3)“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而 实际未做。例如：You ought to have helped him. (but you didn’t) 这时，ought与 should可以互相换用。注意，在美国英语中ought to 用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如：Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much.
7、dare的基本用法
(l)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，如：Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词，其变化与一般行为动词相同，如：She dares to stay at home alone at night.
8、need的基本用法
(1)need作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，如：He needn't worry about us now. (2)need也可作为行为动词用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如：You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情，如：---- Did you answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn’t have answered it.
9、shall的基本用法
(1)shall用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意，如：He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示，如：Shall I open the door?
10、should的基本用法
(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意，如：You should learn from each other. (2)should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情，或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如：You should have give him more help.
11、will的基本用法
(1)用于各人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心”，如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿，如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“会要”之意，如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
12、would的基本用法
(1)would作为will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”，如：He promised he would never smoke again. (2)在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时，比用will的气更加婉转，如：Would you like some more coffee? (3)在日常生活中，学用“I would like to…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转，如：I would like to do Ex.2 first. (4)would可以表示过去的习惯动作，比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week. (5)表料想或猜想，如：It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it.
13、used to, had better, would rather的用法
(1)used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变，例如：He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young. 在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问句：Did you use to/ Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否定句：I usedn’t to / didn’t use to go there. (usedn’t 也可写作usen’t)；否定疑问句：Usen’t you to/ Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre? 强调句：I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.；其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat. didn’t she?/ use(d)n’t she? Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did./ Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to. (2)had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式，例如：---- We had better go now . ---- Yes, we had (we'd better/ we had better)./ Hadn’t we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)/ I think I’d better be going. (用于进行时态，表“最好立即”)/ You had better have done that (用于完成时态，表未完成动作) 注：had better用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。(3)would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式，例如：I’d rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/ ---- Wouldn’t you rather stay here? ---- No, I would not. I’d rather go there. 由于would rather表选择，因 而后可接than，例如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/ I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone. (句中的 'd rather不是情态动词，would 在此是表愿望的实义动词)
练习、助动词与情态动词
1. If they _________ to do this work, he might do it some other way.
A. were B. should C. will D. can
2. I was told yesterday that the company _________ me to Rome next week for a business conference.
A. should have sent B. were going to send C. should be sending D. should send
3. Let's take a walk, ________? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we
4. He was a good swimmer so he _________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
A. could B. might C. should D. was able to
5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ________ see me.
A. can B. may C. might D. could
6. ---- _________ this book be yours? ---- No, it ________ not be mine. It ________ be his.
A. Can, must, may B. May, might, must C. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may
7. “We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. ” “He _________ it. ”
A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended
8. They _________ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.
A. can have missed B. may have missed C. can have lost D. may have lost
9. Since the ground is white, it _________ last night.
A. had snowed B. must have snowed C. must be snowing D. must have been snowing
10. You must be fifty, ________?
A. mustn't you B. needn't you C. aren't you D. mnyn't you
11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _________?
A. haven't you B. didn't you C. mustn't you D. needn't you
12. ---- That must be a mistake. ---- No .it _________ be.
A. can't B. isn't able to C. can D. was able to
13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _________ have told it to him.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't
14. How ________ so?
A. dare you to say B. dare you say C. do you dare say D. dare to say
15. You are their teacher. You _________ care of them.
A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take
16. She is studying medical science now but she _________ a lawyer.
A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been
17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _________ English every day.
A. will be used to speak B. will be used to speaking
C. must be used to speak D. would be used to speaking
18. I did not call to make my airline reservation (预订) but I _________.
A. should have B, may have C. must have D. shall have
19. As a girl, she _________ get up at six every day.
A. would B. will C. might D. should
20. Don't you remember that we _________ to the cinema tonight?
A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be gone
21. ---- Shall I tell John about it? ---- No, you _________. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
22. “Would you mind if I open the window?” “__________”.
A. I don't like it B. Yes .please C. No, please D. No. I'm sorry
23. “Would you tell me something about the affair?” “__________”.
A. Yes .please B. All right C. Not at all D. I do
24. M:________?
T:I'd love to, but I'm afraid I have no time.“
M:0h, no. You'll surely come over.
T: It's very nice of you. But I'm sorry I have to go to a meeting.
A. Do you have lunch out in a restaurant B. Shall I have you with me at my birthday
C. Did you go to see the film D. Have you enjoyed yourself at the party
25. ”You ought to have come here ten minutes ago?“ ”Yes, I _________. “
A. ought to B. ought to have C. ought D. have ought to
26. ”Would you like to go out for a walk?“ ”Yes, ___________. “
A. I'd like to B. I'd like C. I'll like to D. I would
27. ________ you succeed !
A. Can B. May C. Must D. Will
28. Did he need ________ then?
A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left
29. Do you think if he dares _________ in public.
A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. spoken
30. He ________ eating American food since he came here.
A. used to B. has been used C. has been used to D. was used to
31. A computer ________ think for itself; it ________ be told what to do.
A. may not, must B. mustn't, might C. shouldn't, could D. can't, must
32. ”________ you mind my opening the window?“ ”Not at all. “
A. Shall B. Should C. Will D. Would
33.1 didn't hear the phone. I _________ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should have been D. could have been
34. You _________ me about it earlier, but you didn't.
A. should have told B. would have told C. must have told D. should tell
35. The teacher told the students that they ________ keep silent in class all the time.
A. ought to not B. ought not to C. ought not to have D. can't
36. ”May I go now?“ ”No, you ________. "
A. mustn't B. needn't C. mightn't D. won't
37. You _________ do the exercise if you don't want to.
A. may not B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
38. You _________ pay more attention to your spelling next time.
A. would B. should C. will D. shall
39. The girl _________ out alone at night.
A. dare not go B. dare not to go C. dares not go D. does not dare go
40. There ________ be a lot of small houses on both sides of the street.
A. used to B. get used to C. would D. did use to
参考答案：
语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词
1~5 ABDDD 6~10 CBBBC 11~15 BACBC 16~20 ADAAC 21~25 ACBBB
26~30 ABBCC 31~35 DDBAB 36~40 ADBAA
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篇15：非谓语动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
非谓语动词
I like cooking. ”
He likes cooking.
It' s not easy for me to learn English.
Seen from the space, the earth is a blue sphere.
以上英语句子中____________________等具有动词特征，但是在句子中不能作谓语的动词形式，就叫动词的非谓语形式，也叫非谓语动词。
非谓语动词是不随 _______________变化而变化的，它们不受人称和数的限定，所以又叫“非限定动词”。
动词的非谓语形式有三种：
（1）动词不定式：to study (to + 动词原形)
（2）分词：studying (现在分词)、studied (过去分词)
（3）动名词：studying (形式与现在分词相同)
动词非谓语形式有以下几种形式变化（以write为例）：
形态 主动 被动
动词不定式 一般
进行
完成
完成进行
现在分词和动名词 一般
完成
过去分词 一般 written
一、动词不定式
二、动名词
动名词可以起 ______词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。
动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。
（一）做____________________
Fishing in this lake is forbidden.
Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things.
My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps.
My job is teaching.
注意：
在______________; ______________; __________ ; _______________ ; _________________ ;___________________ 等习惯表达中，
It为__________，而将做主语的动名词短语放在后面。例如：
It’s no use /good ringing her up now.
Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents?
It’s wise trying again.
It is of great importance fighting against pollution.
It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early.
It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up.
（二）动名词短语作___________________。
He avoided giving me a definite answer.
David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt.
I couldn’t risk missing that train.
常用的能接动名词的动词有：
承认__________，感激__________，避免__________，建议___________，不禁__________，庆祝__________，考虑__________，完成___________，延期__________，忍耐___________，喜欢__________，结束___________，想象__________，保持___________，在意__________，错过___________，允许__________，练习___________，冒险__________，明白___________。
例如：
（三）动名词短语作___________。如：
The children are fond of listening to pop music.
Are you interested in going to the show?
Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way.
Excuse me for interrupting you.
Before finishing your homework, you’d better not go out. 做
（四）动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语，就是在动名词短语前面加上
_____________________。
I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me.
I can hardly imagine Peter’s sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
Linda’s coming will do you good.
What made him angry was their (them) laughing.
（五）动名词的完成式和被动语态：
（1）完成式表示__________________________________。例如：
I apologize for having broken my promise.
I don’t remember having talked with him before.
I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married.
（2）当___________________________________，动名词要用被动语态。例如：
I could no longer stand being treated like that.
She was proud of having been trained in the U.K.
He doesn’t like being laughed at.
（六）某些动词可接不定式也可接动名词做宾语，但意义有差别。
（1）like, love, hate, prefer等表示喜爱，厌恶的动词后面，
动名词表示______________________
不定式表示______________________
She likes dancing. But she wouldn’t like to dance with you.
He looked tired and I didn’t like to disturb him.
I don’t like reading, but I’d like to read a magazine in bed tonight.
Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.
The reporter would /should like to see you again.
We don’t like talking about people behind their backs.
（2） forget to do sth. ___________________
forget doing sth.___________________
The light in the office is still on. She forgot to turn it off.
The light in the office is off. She turned it off, but she forgot turning it off.
（3）remember to do sth. _________________
remember doing sth. _________________
Do you remember meeting me at a party last year?
You must remember to leave tomorrow。
（4）stop to do sth. __________________
stop doing sth. __________________
She stopped to have a rest on a big rock by the side of the path.
As long as you live, your heart never stops beating,
（5） regret to do sth. _____________________
regret doing sth. ____________________
I regret saying that.
I regret to tell you the following truth.
（6）try to do sth. __________________
try doing sth. _________________
You must try to do it again.
Let’s try doing the work in some other way.
（7） mean to do sth. __________________
mean doing sth. __________________
If it means delaying more than a week, I’ll not wait.
I mean to help you, and nothing else. 。
I didn’t mean to hurt you. I’m sorry.
Declaring Taiwan independent means declaring war on China.
（8） go on to do sth. _____________________
go on doing sth. _____________________
After he finished his maths, he went on to do his physics.
I hope it won’t go on raining all day long.
现在做一些练习：
1．根据括号里的汉语意思用动名词填空：
1) ____________（游泳）is a very enjoyable exercise.
2) His work is ________________(修自行车).
3) Europeans uses an knife and a fork ______________(吃肉).
4) We will only succeed by ____________________(努力工作）.
5) Tom hates __________________(早晨9点以后起床).
6) I could' t help ________________(迟到).
7) _____________________(等着没用) there won' t be another bus.
2. 用动词不定式或动名词填空：
1) He wanted ____ (see) the book I had bought.
2) Please stop ___ (walk) about the room and sit down.
3) I called ____ (see) her yesterday but she was out.
4) In 1969, the United States succeeded in ____ (send) a rocket to the moon and ___ (land) two astronauts on its surface.
5) We decided ___ (put) off the meeting until Saturday.
6) Let me ___ (see) what you are doing.
7) When the professor finishes ____ (speak), we will ask him a question.
8) He made her ___ (go) although she wanted ___ (stay).
9) Please remember ____ (give) her this letter.
10) We heard him ___ (say) that he disliked ____ (go) abroad any more.
11) The child enjoyed ___ (play) at the seaside.
12) The little boy was made ___ (take) the medicine.
13) I watched the shop assistant ___ (take) the goods down for the shelf and put them on the counter.
14) He remembers ___ (go) to Shanghai with his parents when he was five.
15) She had her husband ___ (wash) her dirty linen.
16) The thief kept ____ (say) he hadn’t taken the purse.
17) The policeman saw him ___ (steal) the bicycle and ride away on it.
18) I’ve persuaded him ___ (help) us do the job.
19) You had better ____ (go) home now. It looks like rain.
20) Let me___ (know) if you had decided ____ (go).
21) He promised ___ (come) to our party.
22) I forget ____ (see) you there.
23) Don’t forget ___ (see) your grandma this Sunday.
24) I must apologize for not ___ (let) you know earlier.
三、分词
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
作为非谓语形式，分词可用作形容词和副词，在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。
现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态；它的完成式（having + 过去分词）表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。
现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词)。
过去分词只有一般式，表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词（及物动词）本身可以表示被动的含义，因而没有别的被动形式。
（一）用法
1．作定语。
作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词________________。
如果被修饰的词是something，anything，everything，nothing等，则分词放在这些词________________。
分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词_________________。
This is an interesting book。
China is a developing country.
a broken heart
a risen sun
There is something interesting in the news。
The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。
1. We lived in the house __________________(我舅舅们修建的).
2. Any medicine ________(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.
3. We spent two hours discussing the plan ________________ (她制定的).
4. Lessons _____________ (易学的)are soon forgotten.
** ______________ (易学的) lessons are soon forgotten.
2、作状语。分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。
时间
When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。
= seeing the teacher entering the room, they stood up.
When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
__________________________, I came across an old friend of mine.
After he had heard the news, he jumped with joy.
_________________________, he jumped with joy.
The metal expands when it is heated.
___________，the Metal expands.
When he was asked why he did not do it, he began to cry.
________________________________, he began to cry.
原因
As I was excited，I couldn’t go to sleep
_____________，I couldn’t go to sleep。
Because he was a student，he was interested in sports.
______________________，he was interested in sports.
Because they were inspired (激励) by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder
_______________，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder.
方式、伴随
The children went away。They laughed as they went.
The children went away laughing.
The professor stood there and he was surrounded by many students
The professor stood there，_______________________________
He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.
He sat on the sofa, _____________________
条件
If you work hard, you will succeed.
________________, you will succeed.
If you use your head, you will find a way.
________________, you will find a way.
If water is heated to a certain temperature, it turns into steam.
_________________________________, water turns into steam.
3、作宾语补足语。
现在分词
(I) 用在_____________之后作宾补
1. I saw him running along the street.
2. I felt an ant climbing over my leg.
3. Suddenly I noticed her standing outside.
4. I smell something burning.
5. I hear a girl singing in the hall.
(II) 用在 __________________之后做宾补
1. I would have him waiting for me at the gate of the park.
2. Sorry, I kept you waiting a long time.
3. They shut the door and left, leaving the fire burning.
过去分词
(I) 用在_______________ 之后作宾补。
1. The speaker raised his voice, but he still could not make himself heard.
2. Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s.
3. They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.
(II) 用在 ______________ 之后作宾补。
1. He didn’t notice his wallet stolen.
2. I was washing my clothes when I heard my name called.
(III) 用在 ______________之后作宾补。
1. He did not want such question discussed.
2. I would like my living room painted light blue.
4、作表语。
The result of the test is disappointing.
I feel disappointed in the result of the test.
The story is very interesting
He is interested in the book.
The result is surprising.
I am surprised at what he said.
现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质或特征，意为______________，
exciting, moving, amusing, astonishing, frightening, interesting, relaxing, shocking, surprising, terrifying, tiring etc.
过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态，意为_________________，
excited, moved, amused, astonished, frightened, interested, relaxed, satisfied, surprised, terrified, tired etc.
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
（1）被动结构强调___________，而系表结构强调________________
（2）_________________可以接by + 动作的执行者，___________则不行。
The glass is broken.
The glass is broken by Tom.
The bookstore is closed at six.
The bookstore is closed now.
注意：
（1）分词作状语时，_____________ 和 ______________ 一致：
__________at the top of the mountain，I saw lots of people there.
__________from the top of the mountain, the city is beautiful.
__________again, I found the book interesting.
__________again, the book was found interesting.
（2）在see，hear，watch，notice等动词后，
用动词不定式作宾语补语，通常表示_______________________。
如果用现在分词作宾语补语，则通常表示____________________。
We sat two hours and watched the teacher __________ the experiment.
We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher________ the experiment.
（3）在“have+宾语+分词”的结构中，
现在分词表示 _____________________
过去分词表示 _____________________
动词不定式表示 ___________________
He had the fire ___________ (burn) day and night。
Father had me ___________(swim) the whole summer vacation。
Mary had her dress __________(wash).
Tom had his legs ____________ (break)
I had my watch __________(steal) yesterday。
My mother had me ___________ (wash) my dress.
The teacher had me ______________ (clean) the classroom.
（二）分词的时态和语态
上面已经谈到，过去分词可以表示“被动”和“完成”等意义，因此没有时态和
语态方面的形式变化。下面谈一下现在分词的时态和语态。
1.现在分词的完成式(having+过去分词)表示____________________________。
Having written the letter，John went to the post office.
(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.
Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.
(=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)
Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.
(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)
2.现在分词的被动语态(being +过去分词)通常表示“正在被…”的意思。如强调现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前时，可用现在分词被动语态的完成式(having + been +过去分词)。
The bridge being built will be completed next month.
Having been kept out of the room about half an hour for his returning late，Tom was let in.
exercises:
1、用现在分词或过去分词结构改写下列句子:
1）The teacher is taking a walk on the playground. He is our teacher of English.
2）The birds filled the air with music. They were singing in the trees.
3) Here is a novel. It was written b Lu Xun.
4) The language is English. It is spoken in Australia.
5) Do you know the number of students? They are coming to the English Evening.
6) I could hear the boys. They were playing in the field.
7) He was glad to find the fire. It was burning brightly.
8) I watched them. They were dancing.
9) I saw a man. He was banging at your door
10）Tom rushed into the room. He was covered with snow.
11）Mary sat on the ground. She talked with Jane.
12）I stood at the gate. I was waiting for his arrival.
13) John put on his raincoat because he saw that it was raining.
14) As he was stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.
15) He used chopsticks. He ate his dinner.
16) As he was going downstairs he tripped on the carpet.
17) When I was learning English, I had much trouble in pronunciation.
18) As he himself was one of the exploited Pottier shared their bitterness and sufferings.
19) The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe.
20) What is the book? It is being translated.
21) As we did not know his address we could not get in touch with him.
22) As she had been there many times, she knew the place quit well.
23) As we had not got a reply from them, we became quite worried.
24) Because they had been brought up in the city, they knew little about farmwork.
25) He was a League member. He ought to take the lead in such activities.
2、改正下列句子中的错误(注意分词短语的逻辑主语和句子的主语是否一致)。
Example:
Climbing to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.
-----Climbing to the top of the hill, one can see a magnificent view.
-----If one climbs to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.
1）Being Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.
______________ I shall have quiet day at home.
2）Entering the house, the door closed with a bang.
3）Walking through the park, the flowers made a lovely sight.
4）Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.
5）Having been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇16：非谓语动词(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
非谓语动词
(一)不定式
非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式，动词ing形式(v-ing)及过去分词(ed分词)。
不定式的基本形式是由“to+ 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是not to do，不定式可以带自己的宾语或状语，构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语，不作谓语。如：
Lucy asked him to turn up the radio.
To make a plan first is a good idea.
1. 动词不定式不失动词的特点，有时态和语态的变化，不定式有六种形式，以write为例：
主动态 被动态
一般式 to write to be written
完成式 to have written to have
been written
进行式 to be writing
完成进行式 to have
been writing
(1)不定式的时态：
①不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生或是在谓语动词之后发生，不定式用一般式，如：
It seems that he knows this.
鯤e seems to know this.
I hope that I'll see you again.
鯥 hope to see you again.
②不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，并强调动作正在进行的情景，或持续性，不定式用进行式，如：
He pretended that he was listening to English course when I came in.
鯤e pretended to be listening to English course when I came in.
I am very glad that I am working with you.
鯥 am very glad to be working with you.
③不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，不定式用完成式，如：
I am sorry that I have put you so much trouble.
鯥 am sorry to have put you so much trouble.
It seems that I have met you somewhere before.
鯥 seem to have met you somewhere before.
④如果强调不定式所表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，不定式用完成进行时，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。如：
She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours.
The rain was said to have been falling for a week.
(2)不定式的语态：当不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系时，不定式一般用被动式。如：
This is the plan to be discussed at today's meeting.
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
Whether most countries can use natural energy in future remains to be seen.
2. 不定式的作用
(1)不定式作主语：
To say is one thing; to do is another.
To read novels is my hobby.
it形式主语常常代替作主语的不定式，而将不定式或不定式短语放在后面。
To talk with him is a great pleasure.
鯥t is great pleasure to talk with him.
To make electricity by building a dam across the sea is possible.
鯥t is possible to make electricity by building a dam across the sea.
注意：①To see is to believe. 主语和表语都是不定式，不能用it代替：It is to believe to see是错误的。
②To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly. 而finish与finishing放在than后面都是不合适的，因为前面句子的主语是to answer，后面的主语也要是to finish, 保持than前后句子结构平行。
(2)不定式作表语：不定式在系词后面作表语。
At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.
This suit doesn't seem to fit me.
The problems remain to be unsettled.
(3)不定式作宾语：在下列及物动词后，常跟不定式作宾语：want, need, hope, wish, expect, like, hate, try, manage, forget, remember, know, begin, start, intend, plan, mean, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn等。
To keep the water clean, you need to get some under water plants.
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
They have decided to visit the nature park for the milu deer.
注意：不定式作宾语时，有时用“it”替换，it为形式宾语，而将真正的不定式作宾语后置，如：
I found to learn English well not easy.
鯥 found it not easy to learn English well.
I feel to help others my duty.
鯥 feel it my duty to help others.
(4)不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语：通常用于及物动词或动词短语之后，如：
Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.
What caused you to change your mind?
在被动语态was considered后面，不定式为主语补足语接不定式作宾补和主补的动词常有:
ask, beg, cause, call n, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell
等。
(其中没有hope sb. to do, suggest sb. to do和agree sb. to do)
注意：①不定式作宾语补足语，在部分感官及使役动词后，用不带to的不定式作宾语，常用的动词有：let, make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel等，help有无to都可以，如：
The teacher had us recite the text every day.
The boss made his men work all the night.
把上面句子变成被动语态后，不定式成为句子的主语补足语，需带to，即在被动语态中不定式一律带to，不存在省略问题。
注意：②在谓语动词think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find等后面跟to be作宾补，不跟to do，但其中有些可跟to have done作宾补。如：
imagine…to be
Imagine yourself(to be)in his place.
find…to be
We found him(to be)honest.
suppose…to be/suppose…to have done.
I suppose him to be about fifty.
We suppose him to have stolen it.
(5)不定式作定语：不定式作定语，有时与前面被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点，工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词，如：
I have a meeting to attend. (attend the meeting)
及物动词+ 宾语
Pass me a piece of paper to write on. (write on the paper)
不及物动词+ 介词+ 宾语
在time, place, way后面的不定式省略介词，如：
He had no money and no place to live.
其他不定式作定语情况，如：
I have no chance to go abroad.
They had never moment to rest.
注意：there be句型中的不定式作定语用主动或被动都可以
There is a lot of work to do.
=There is a lot of work to be done.
There is no time to lose.
=There is no time to be lost.
但是在下列句子中，不定式主动与被动形式意义不同：
--Have you anything to wash?
--No, nothing. I plan to go shopping.
不定式动作的执行者是you. you wash something
--Have you anything to be washed?
--No, Thank you.
不定式动作的执行者不是you. 是省略了的(…to be washed)by me或by someone else.
不定式作状语：
①作目的状语：
I got up early in order to catch the 6∶30 train.
The boy ran all the way so as not to be late.
注意：so as to不能置于句首，in order to可以。
②作原因状语：
He smiled to think of his clever plan.
③在某些形容词后面作状语：
I am glad to see you.
You are sure to succeed.
④作结果状语：
第一, I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed. (出乎意料的结果)
第二，too…to…“太……以至于不……”(to后面译作否定)
He is too old to read.
The boy is too young to dress himself.
当不定式前的形容词为nervous, pleased, willing, delighted, happy, glad等时，too…to，“to…”可译作肯定，
They are too nervous to leave. 他们急于离开
当too前有only, 即only too…to译作肯定
I am only too pleased to help you.
当不定式前有否定意义的词时译作肯定
We are never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
第三，形容词/副词enough to do sth.
He was quick enough to catch the ball.
The girl is old enough to go to school.
第四，so…as to/such…as to如此……以致于……
He was so angry that he was unable to speak.
He was so angry as to be unable to speak.
He was such a fool that he believed the cheat.
He was such a fool as to believe the cheat.
⑤不定式作方面状语，不定式作方面状语与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动结构，如果不定式为及物动词，后面不必再跟宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，要用相应的介词，如：
The mountain is difficult to climb. (动宾关系：climb the mountain)
不定式不说to climb it或to be climbed
Lesson Two is easy to learn. (动宾关系：learn Lesson Two)
有时由形容词+ to do结构一起做宾语补足语
3. 不定式的逻辑主语：不定式的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语，如He seemed to be reading something, 当需要明确指出不定式动作的执行者时，用for/of sb. (sth. )to do sth. 表示，如：
(1)当作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行，性格，性质时，要用of，常见的这类形容词有:
brave, careful, careless, kind, nice, good, honest, clever, wise, unwise, stupid, foolish, rude, cruel, silly, thoughtful, impolite, polite, right, wrong, 等。这时It+ be+ 形容词+ of sb. /sth. to do sth. 句型，等于sb. /sth. + be+ 形容词to do sth. , 如：
It is very kind of you to say so.
相当于You are very kind to say so.
It is clever of him to win the competition.
鯤e is clever to win the competition.
It+ be+ 形容词+ for sb. /sth. to do sth. 这一句型中的形容词大多为：
easy, important, usual, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary等。这些词只能说明不定式行为的是与非，不能说明不定式的执行者，所以不等于sb. + be+ 形容词+ to do sth. ，如：
1)It is difficult for beginners to read the book.
不能说：Beginners are difficult to read.
但是第一类，即It+ be+ 形容词+ of sb. to do sth. 句型中的形容词，如right, impolite…等如果强调评论人用of，强调评论行为也可用for，应用情况如下：
(1)当sb. 为泛指时，形容词着重评论不定式行为本身，如：
It was not right for the south to break away from the Union.
(2)当不定式为被动语态时，不定式的执行者常常省略，因此形容词只用来评论不定式行为了。
It was unkind for you to be laughed at.
总之for sb. to do sth. 强调不定式行为
of sb. to do sth. 强调不定式执行者
4. 带疑问词的不定式：动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when, whether等连用，构成不定式短语，如：
The question is when to start.
They haven't ageed on whether to build a factory here or not.
what to say.
I don't know what to write about.
how to do it.
注意：没有if to do和why to do.
I don't know why to do it. (误)
I don't know why I should do it. (正)
5. 不定式省略“to”的情况：
(1)当and或or连接同一概念的不定式时，或者当它们之间的关系并列一致时，可将and或or后面的to省去，如：
I'd like to go and see a film.
He had to have a job or go hungry.
但是，有时为了表示对照，或加强语气，则不可以省去to，如：
It is easier to say than to do.
(2)不定式在一部分感官或使役动词后面作宾补省略to。
(3)不定式在but(除了……以外)，except后面的使用，如果but, except前有行为动词do, but, except后省去to，如：
They had nothing to do but wait for the doctor.
The whole night he did nothing except watch TV.
(4)在固定句型中：would rather do…than do…/prefer to do rather than do:
1)The bus was so crowded that I'd rather walk home than take a bus.
2)I prefer to play tennis rather than(play)basketball.
6. “to”代表整个不定式：有时为了避免重复，省去不定式后面的内容，保留到不定式符号to, 如果是to be，保留到be，如：
--Will you please give him a message when you see him?
--I'll be glad to.
--Would you like to go shopping with me?
--I'd like to. (或I'd love to)
有时为了强调，也可以不省略。
Do what he or she tell you to do.
(二)动词-ing形式
动词-ing形式由动词原形+ ing构成。动词-ing形式起到名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独构成谓语，其构成形式如下，以do为例：
主动 被动
一般时态 doing being done
完成时态 having done having been done
否定式：not+ 动词-ing.
Learning English is very important to me.
Having been widened, the road took on a different look.
随着-ing在句子中所做的成分不同，所用的时态和语态有不同的要求，关于-ing的时态和语态的详细使用，在下面ing所作的句子成分中讲述。
1. 动词-ing形式作主语：
Seeing is believing.
有时主语太长，可用it作形式主语，将真正主语放在后面。如：
It is fun swimming in a river or lake in summer.
注意：动词-ing与不定式作主语的区别：
①一般情况下可以换用：
It is dangerous playing/to play with fire.
但在口语中用动词-ing形式放在句首比不定式多。
Going shopping is a pleasant thing.
②在下列句型中习惯用-ing作主语，不用不定式：
It is no use
It is no good doing.
It is useless
It is useless only learning English grammar.
It is no good cutting down the forest.
③在there+ be+ no+ 主语结构中，必须用动词-ing作主语：
There is no telling what will happen in the future.
④主语和表语结构相同，对等。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
2. 动词-ing作宾语：
(1)在及物动词后：
Would you mind my sitting here?
We suggest going out for a picnic on Sunday.
(2)在介词后：
We look forward to seeing you again.
(3)在worth, busy, feel like, look like等形容词后面：
China Daily is well worth reading.
The firefighters were busy putting out the big fire.
They look like winning the relay race.
Suddenly I feel like eating something.
动词-ing做主语或宾语时，一般情况下其逻辑主语为句子的主语，如果需要自己的逻辑主语时，要用物主代词或名词所有格+ 动词-ing，如：
His/Li Ping's coming late, made the teacher unhappy.
Would you mind my/me smoking here?
当动词-ing不在句首时，可用人称代词宾格，名词普通格代替，但逻辑主语为无生命的名词，或泛指时，用普通格，如：
We heard the noise of desks being opened and closed.
3. 不定式与动词-ing作宾语的比较：
(1)在下列一些动词后面常跟动词-ing作宾语，而不跟不定式：
admit, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape,
excuse, face, feel like, finish, fancy, forbid, forgive, imagine, include, keep, mention,
mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest等。如：
He practices speaking English every day.
He admitted having broken the window.
I much appreciate your giving me the chance.
She dislikes doing housework.
He enjoys nothing but playing the computer.
(2)在下列一些动词后只跟不定式，不跟动词-ing作宾语：
want(想要)，hope, expect, wish, decide, would like, refuse, manage, pretend, demand,
offer, afford, plan, wonder, intend…等，如：
I am expecting to get a letter from my parents.
We are planning to build another research center.
I'd like to buy a new car made in the U. S. A.
(3)在下列一些动词后面跟不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语，意义不同，如：
I remember doing this exercise before.
我记得以前做过这个练习。
Remember to post the book for me.
记住帮我把那本书寄走。
归纳：remember doing记得(做过的事，某事已做过)
remember to do记住(去做某事，某事还没做)
We shall never forget hearing Jackson singing.
我们忘不了听杰克逊唱歌的情景。
Don't forget to give my regards to them.
别忘了代我向他们问好
归纳：forget doing忘了(做过的事，某事已做过)
forget to do忘了(去做某事，某事还没做)
I'll try to improve my pronunciation.
我要努力去纠正，提高我的发音。
Since no one answered the front door, why not try knocking at the back door?
既然前门没人答应，为什么不试试后门呢?
归纳：try to do. 尽力去做某事
try doing(用另外一种方法)试一试，试试看
I suggest we stop working and have a rest.
我建议我们停下干活，休息一会儿。
They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound.
他们停下来，听一听，再没什么声音。
归纳：stop to do停下(某事)去做某事，(表目的)
stop doing把某事停下来，(宾语)
What do you mean to do with your old bicycle?
你打算如何处理你那辆旧自行车?
I won't wait if it means delaying a week or so.
如果这意味着要推迟一星期左右，那我就不等了。
归纳：mean to do打算做某事
mean doing意味着做某事
(4)在love, like, hate, prefer后面跟不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别，如：
Do you like to eat ice-cream?
I like traveling very much.
I like driving(do drive)fast cars.
(5)在start, begin后面，一般接不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别，在下列情况下，多用不定式：
①自然界变化：
It started to rain.
Snow started to melt as spring came.
②心理活动，在understand, know, realize等词前面：
I began to understand my mother's feelings.
③begin, start本身为进行时：
Mother was starting to cook in the kitchen when I got home.
(6)在allow, advise, permit, forbid等动词后面，有名词或代词作宾语，用不定式做宾语补足语，如果没有宾语，直接用-ing形式，如：
1)We don't allow parking here.
2)The police don't allow people to park here.
3)He advised me to get an English pen friend.
4)I advise seeing more English films.
(7)need, require, want译作“需要”时，跟动词-ing作宾语，主动表示被动，相当于to be done，如：
The windows require cleaning.
The windows require to be cleaned.
The patient needs operating on at once.
The patient needs to be operated on.
The flowers want watering.
The flowers want to be watered.
(8)在一些固定表达中用动词-ing形式，不用不定式：
can't help doing, be worth doing, devote…to doing, look forward to doing, be/get/become used to doing, object to doing, thank…for doing, excuse…for doing等。
Einstein devoted his life to making a research in science.
I'm looking forward to getting your letter.
We are used to living in the countryside.
4. 动词-ing在句中作表语：
Our plan is setting up a new car factory.
My job is teaching/driving.
这类词作表语，起解释说明主语的作用，主表可颠倒：Teaching is my job. 转换成问句，用what提问：
--What's your job?
--My job is teaching.
这类词作表语，起描绘作用，主表不颠倒，转换成问句，用how提问
--How is your job?
--It is interesting.
--How was your trip?
--It is tiring, but interesting.
5. 动词-ing作定语：
(1)表示被修饰名词的用途：
There are two reading rooms in our school library.
a reading room其含义是A room is used for reading.
The swimming pool in our school is nearly completed.
the swimming pool其含义是The pool is used for swimming.
(2)如果动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰的名词发出的一个正在进行的动作或某种特征行为，这时被修饰的名词与动词-ing逻辑上有主谓关系，如果是主动关系用doing, 被动关系用done, 或being done表达，另外有时间要求：
第一种情况：主动关系，-ing形式与谓语动词同时进行，或经常发生，用doing，如：
Look at the dancing girl. She is one of my classmates.
Look at the girl who is dancing. ….
China is a developing country.
China is a country that is developing.
注意：①如果动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，一般不用having done作定语，而用定语从句表达，如：
The teacher criticized the boy having broken the window. (误)
The teacher criticized the boy who had broken the window. (正)
注意：②如果表达的是未来发生的动作，或含有情态概念，用不定式表达，如：
I have a meeting to attend today.
鯥 have a meeting that I will attend today.
Mary is the proper worker to do the job.
鯩ary is the proper worker who can do the job.
第二种情况：被动关系：动词-ing表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，正在进行，用being done; 发生在谓语动词之前，完成了的动作用done；发生在谓语动词之后，未来的动作，用to be done. 如：
The bridge being built now is two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that is being built now is two kilometers long.
The bridge built last year is two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that was built last year is two kilometers long.
The bridge to be built next year will be two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that will be built next year will be two kilometers long.
6. 动词-ing作宾语补足语和主语补足语：经常在see, hear, feel, watch, notice,
observe, find, get, look at, listen to, keep, leave, send, set, catch等一些动词后面用动词-ing作补语，其中宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，如果主谓关系是主动的，又表示动作在进行，或状态的持续，用doing; 如果主谓关系是被动的，又表示动作在进行，用being done，如：
I noticed them repairing the car.
鯳hen they were repairing the car, I noticed.
I noticed the car being repaired.
鯳hen the car was being repaired, I noticed.
如果宾语和宾补是主动关系，又表示动作的全过程，即完成或一般时态，宾补用不定式to do表达(在某些动词后面不定式不带to)；如果是被动关系，又表示动作的全过程，即完成时态用done表达，如：
I often notice them repair the car.
I noticed the car repaired.
如果把上述句子变成被动语态，宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了。
7. 动词-ing形式作状语：动词-ing形式作状语时，要求其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，句子的主语与动词-ing形式逻辑上有主谓关系。如果主谓关系是主动的，用主动语态；-ing动作与谓语动词同时发生用一般式doing, 如果-ing动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式having done, 如：
Walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.
相当于When I was walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.
Having finished their work, they had a rest. 相当于After they had finished their work, they had a rest.
如果主谓关系是被动的，用被动语态；-ing动作与谓语动词同时发生，用done；如果-ing动作发生在谓语动词之前，已完成的动作，用被动语态的完成式having been done, 如：
Having been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.
相当于After our classroom had been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.
Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.
相当于As he is well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.
注意：-ing形式做状语时，如果-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语，人称代词用主格，名词用普通格，如：
Mother/She being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.
It being Sunday, the shops are crowded.
(三)过去分词
过去分词由动词+ ed构成，起到形容词和副词的作用，在句中可作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。过去分词的性质是被动，完成，但有时侧重程度，有时侧重被动，不及物动词变成的过去分词无被动的意义，过去分词形式由动词原形加词尾-ed构成，及部分不规则的词如：done, played.
①侧重程度：
boiling water 沸水 fallen leaves落叶
boiled water 凉开水 frozen chicken冷冻鸡
developing country 发展中的国家
developed country 发达国家
②侧重主、被动：
a broken glass, a dancing girl, a damaged house.
1. 过去分词的作用：
(1)过去分词作状语：同动词-ing形式作状语一样，过去分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，如是被动关系，又与谓语动词同时发生，或无一定时间对比，用过去分词，如：
Seen from the top of the mountain, the lake looks like a mirror. (相当于The lake is seen)
相当于When the lake is seen from the top of the mountain it looks like a mirror.
Heated, water can turn into vapor.
相当于If it is heated, water can turn into vapor.
(2)过去分词作表语：
We are interested in science.
(3)过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语，有时间要求，发生在谓语动词之前，即完成的动作，用done，而不用having been done.
The bridge built last year is 2 kilometers long.
People invited to the party are most scientists.
(4)过去分词作宾补：
I noticed the car repaired.
2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式的区别：
(1)作表语和定语的区别：动词-ing形式表示事物对人造成的影响，事物是主动的，常译成令人……，使人……；过去分词表示人对事物的看法产生的心理反应，人是被动的，常译作：感到……如：
The news is surprising.
We are surprised at the news.
这类词很多，如：inspiring, inspired, astonishing, astonished, tiring, tired,
moving, moved, disappointing, disappointed, worrying, worried, encouraging, encouraged, …….
(2)作宾补的区别：宾语与宾补逻辑上有主谓关系，主动用动词-ing或不定式表达，被动用being done或done表达。
We found him standing outside the door.
He found the door locked.
(3)作状语的区别：用作状语的动词，与句子的主语逻辑上有主谓关系、主动用-ing形式，被动用过去分词。
The boy entered the room, followed by a dog.
相当于The boy entered the room and he was followed by a dog.
The boy entered the room, following his father.
相当于The boy entered the room and followed his father.
(4)-ing形式与ed分词都可以作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、让步、程度，如：
Having brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better. (时间)
After she had brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better.
Disturbed by the noise, we had to finish the meeting early. (原因)
We had to finish the meeting early because we were disturbed by the noise.
Born a free man, he was now in chains. (让步)
Though he was born a free man, he was now in chains.
(If) bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk. (条件)
鯥f you are bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk.
The boy ran in, carrying a ball in his arm. (伴随)
鯰he boy ran in and carried a ball in his arm.
He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces. (结果)
鯤e dropped the plate and broke it into pieces.
(5)-ing形式与ed分词的否定式，由not+ -ing构成：
Not knowing how to do it, I asked him for help.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇17：不规则动词总表 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
不规则动词总表
________________________________________
Infinitive不定词 Pasttense过去式 PastParticiple过去分词
abide
arise
awake
be
bear
beat
become
befall
beget
begin
behold
bend
bereave
beseech
beset
bet
betake
bethink
bid
bind
bite
bleed
blend
bless
blow
break
breed
bring
broadcast
build
burn
burst
buy
cast
catch
chide
choose
cleave
cling
clothe
come
cost
creep
crow
cut
dare
deal
dig
dive
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
dwell
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
flee
fling
fly
forbear
forbid
forecast
foreknow
foresee
foretell
forget
forgive
forsake
forswear
freeze
gainsay
get
gild
gird
give
go
grave
grind
grow
hamstring
hang
have
hear
heave
hew
hide
hit
held
hurt
inlay
keep
kneel
knit
know
lade
lay
load
lean
leap
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
light
lose
make
mean
meet
melt
miscast
misdeal
misgive
mislay
mislead
misspell
misspend
mistake
misunderstand
mow
outbid
outdo
outgo
outgrow
outride
outrun
outshine
overbear
overcast
overcome
overdo
overhang
overhear
overlay
overleap
overlie
override
overrun
oversee
overshoot
oversleep
overtake
overthrow
partake
pay
prove
put
quit
read
rebind
rebuild
recast
redo
relay
remake
rend
repay
rerun
reset
retell
rewrite
rid
ride
ring
rise
rive
run
saw
say
see
seek
sell
send
set
sew
shake
shave
shear
shed
shine
shoe
shoot
show
shrink
shrive
shut
sing
sink
sit
slay
sleep
slide
sling
slink
slit
smell
smite
sow
speak
speed
spell
spend
spill
spin
spit
spoil
spread
spring
stand
stave
steal
stick
sting
stink
strew
stride
strike
string
strive
swear
sweep
swell
swim
swing
take
teach
tear
tell
think
thrive
throw
thrust
tread
unbend
unbind
underbid
undergo
understand
undertake
undo
upset
wake
waylay
wear
weave
weep
win
wind
withdraw
withhold
withstand
work
wring
write abode,abided
arose
awoke
was
bore
beat
became
befell
begot
began
beheld
bent
bereaved,bereft
besought
beset
bet,betted
betook
bethought
bade,bid
bound
bit
bled
blended,blent
blessed,blest
blew
broke
bred
brought
broadcast,broadcasted
built
burnt,burned
burst
bought
cast
caught
chided,chid
chose
clove,cleft
clung
clothed,clad
came
cost
crept
crowed,crew
cut
dared,durst
dealt
dug
dived;(US)dove
did
drew
dreamt,dreamed
drank
drove
dwelt
atee
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
fled
flung
flew
forbore
forbade,forbad
forecast,forecasted
foreknew
foresew
foretold
forgot
forgave
forsook
forswore
froze
gainsaid
got
gilded,gilt
girded,girt
gave
went
graved
ground
girew
hamstringed,hamstrung
hung,hanged
had
heard
heaved,hove
hewed
hid
hit
held
hurt
inlaid
kept
knelt
knitted,knit
knew
laded
laid
led
lesnt,leaned
leapt,leaped
learnt,learned
left
lent
let
lay
lit,lighted
lost
made
meant
met
melted
miscast
misdealtmisdealt
misgave
mislaid
misled
misspelt
misspent
mistook
misunderstood
mowed
outbid
outdid
outwent
outgrew
outrode
outran
outshone
overbore
overcast
overcame
overdid
overhung
overheard
overlaid
overleapt,overleaped
overlay
overrode
overran
oversaw
overshot
overslept
overtook
overthrew
partook
paid
proved
put
quitted,quit
read[red]
rebound
rebuilt
recast
redid
relaid
remade
rent
repaid
reran
reset
retold
rewrote
red,redded
rode
rang
rose
rived
ran
sawed
said
saw
sought
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
shaved
sheared
shed
shone
shod
shot
showed
shrank,shrunk
shrove,shrived
shut
sang,sung
sank,sunk
sat
slew
slept
slid
slung
slunk
slit
smelt;smelled
smote
sowed
spoke
sped,speeded
spelt,spelled
spent
spilt,spilled
spun,span
spat,spit
spoilt,spoiled
spread
sprang,sprung
stood
staved,stove
stole
stuck
stung
stank,stunk
strewed
strode
struck
strung
strove
swore
swept
swelled
swam
swung
took
taught
tore
told
thought
throve,ghrived
threw
thrust
trod
unbent
unbound
underbid
underwent
understood
undertook
undid
upset
woke,waked
waylaid
wore
wove
wept
won
wound
withdrew
withheld
withstood
worked,wrought
wrung
wrote abode,abided
arisen
awaked,awoken
been
borne,born
beaten
become
befallen
begotten
begun
beheld
bent
bereaved,bereft
besought
beset
bet,betted
betaken
bethought
bidden,bid
bound
bitten,bit
bled
blended,blent
blessed,blest
blown
broken
bred
brought
broadcast,broadcasted
built
burnt,burned
burst
bought
cast
caught
chided,chidden
chosen
cloven,cleft
clung
clothed,clad
come
cost
crept
crowed
cut
dared
dealt
dug
dived
done
drawn
dreamt,dreamed
drunk
driven
dwelt
aten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
fled
flung
flown
forborne
forbidden
forecast,forecasted
foreknown
foreseen
foretold
forgotten
forgiven
forsaken
forsworn
frozen
gainsaid
got;(US)gotten
gilded
girded,girt
given
gone
graven,graved
ground
grown
hamstringed,hamstrung
hung,hanged
had
heard
hesved,hove
hewed,hewn
hidden
hit
held
hurt
intaid
kept
knelt
knitted,knit
known
laden
laid
led
lesnt,leaned
leapt,leaped
learnt,learned
left
lent
let
lain
lit,lighted
lost
made
meant
met
meited,molten
miscast
misgiven
mislaid
misled
misspelt
misspent
mistaken
misunderstood
mown;(US)mowed
outbid
outdone
outgone
outgrown
outridden
outrun
outshone
overborne
overcast
overcome
overdone
overhung
overheard
overlaid
overleapt,overleaped
overlain
overridden
overun
overseen
overshot
overslept
overtaken
overthrown
partaken
paid
proved,proven
put
quitted,quit
read[red]
rebound
rebuilt
recast
redone
relaid
remade
rent
repaid
rerun
reset
retold
rewritten
rid,ridded
ridden
rung
risen
riven,rived
run
sawn,sawed
said
seen
sought
sold
sent
set
sewn,sewed
shaken
shaved,shaven
sheared,shorn
shed
shone
shod
shot
shown,showed
shrunk,shrunken
shriven,shrived
shut
sung
sunk;sunken
sat
slain
slept
slid
slung
slunk
slit
smelt;smelled
smitten
sown,sowed
spoken
sped,speeded
spelt,spelled
spent
spilt,spilled
spun
spat,spit
spoilt,spoiled
spread
sprung
stood
staved,stove
stolen
stuck
stung
stunk
strewn,strewed
stridden,strid
struck,stricken
strung
striven
sworn
swept
swollen,swelled
swum
swung
taken
taught
torn
told
thought
thriven,thrived
thrown
thrust
trodden,trod
unbent
unbound
underbid,underbidden
undergone
understood
undertaken
undone
upset
woken,waked
waylaid
worn
woven
wept
won
wound
withdrawn
withheld
withstood
worked,wrought
wrung
written
责任编辑：李芳芳
★语法系列复习-----情态动词与虚拟语气 (人教版高二英语上册教学论文)
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