以下是小编为大家整理的大学生占座现象的英语作文，本文共23篇，希望对您有所帮助。
篇1：大学生占座现象英语作文
大学生占座现象英语作文
We often see there is a table-cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, [1]indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. [2]Strangely enough, most of students seem to [3]take this for granted, and few will protest it.
[4]Though most of students’ taking seats in advance is for the purpose of better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. [5]On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students’ interests. [6]Even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. [5]On the other hand, reserving a seat [7]violates the rule of fairness. [8]No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you [6]even though many others are eager for that seat.
[9]Considering the above-mentioned, I think, [10]it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. [5]Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon “reserving a seat”.
篇2：大学生占座现象的英语作文
关于大学生占座现象的英语作文
If you see a student in a college holding a number of cushions in his arm and heading for the lecture room around 9 PM just before gonging back to the dorm, don't feel surprised or even panic. Because everyone knows what he is doing to preoccupy the seats for the lecture next day, of course, not only for himself, his GF or dorm mates, but also for anyone who has the same intention.
When it comes to the phenomenon of preoccupying seats on campus, a majority of people will condemn this behavior for its selfishness. However, when we further analyze the different motives of the students, you would see they are not the same cases. If the purpose is to get a better seat for better understanding of the course, instead of being criticized, I think these group students should be highly spoken of for their initiatives. As the English saying goes,“ It's the early bird that catches the worm.” On the other hand, if the purpose is to get a fitter seat for a better sleeping or an absent mind, not only his cushion, but also himself should be thrown out of the classroom. A compulsory attendance without the proper attitude can even spoil the lecture, hurting the professor and the students at the same time. Yet the third occasion might be more disturbing or even irritating, that is to leave a preoccupied seat empty in the lecture. For these group people, maybe some educational methods are to be adopted, because they are just the ones we term as selfish grasping the opportunity beforehand, but not valuing it, meanwhile depriving of others' chances.
As we can see, behind the phenomenon of seats preoccupation exist different motives and purpose, but one conclusion seems .quite evident ~ opportunities always favor those prepared minds, but once you have got them, cherishment would be more significant.
篇3：大学生占座现象的英语作文
If you see a student in a college holding a number of cushions in his arm and heading for the lecture room around 9 PM just before gonging back to the dorm, don't feel surprised or even panic. Because everyone knows what he is doing to preoccupy the seats for the lecture next day, of course, not only for himself, his GF or dorm mates, but also for anyone who has the same intention.
When it comes to the phenomenon of preoccupying seats on campus, a majority of people will condemn this behavior for its selfishness. However, when we further analyze the different motives of the students, you would see they are not the same cases. If the purpose is to get a better seat for better understanding of the course, instead of being criticized, I think these group students should be highly spoken of for their initiatives. As the English saying goes,“ It's the early bird that catches the worm.” On the other hand, if the purpose is to get a fitter seat for a better sleeping or an absent mind, not only his cushion, but also himself should be thrown out of the classroom. A compulsory attendance without the proper attitude can even spoil the lecture, hurting the professor and the students at the same time. Yet the third occasion might be more disturbing or even irritating, that is to leave a preoccupied seat empty in the lecture. For these group people, maybe some educational methods are to be adopted, because they are just the ones we term as selfish grasping the opportunity beforehand, but not valuing it, meanwhile depriving of others' chances.
As we can see, behind the phenomenon of seats preoccupation exist different motives and purpose, but one conclusion seems .quite evident ~ opportunities always favor those prepared minds, but once you have got them, cherishment would be more significant.
篇4：大学生占座现象的英语作文
1)很多大学里“占座”现象十分普遍
2)这种现象会带来哪些影响
3)你 对此的看法
Reserving a Seat
We often see there is a table cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. Strangely enough, most of students seem to take this for granted, and few will protest it.
Though most of students’ taking seats in advance is for better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students’ interests. Sometimes even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. On the other hand, reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness. No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you even though many others are eager for that seat.
Considering the above-mentioned, I think, it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon “reserving a seat”.
篇5：大学生占座现象的英语作文
On College Students' Occupying Seats
In English, there is an expression “First Come, First Served” (FCFS). This stresses the need for orderliness, which also applies to college students' searching for seats in the reading rooms of a library. However, in China, things are somehow complicated. Instead of occupying seats with their own persons, students tend to use books, backpacks or other personal objects to stand for their “legitimate” ownership of the seats.
To such extent, the emergence of such a practice, now almost ubiquitous on all campuses, is justified. The seats for students to conduct self-study are limited and university authorities should endeavor to increase such facilities to satisfy students' needs. At least, students' efforts to fight for seats indicate they are enthusiastic about their studies—their academic initiatives should be duly recognized and encouraged! However, using personal belongings to occupy seats may exacerbate the scarcity of facilities—some irresponsible students might never turn up, sometimes even for days. They waste the precious resources and damage the interests of other students who have real needs. Such behavior deserves unconditional criticism and condemnation.
Both university authorities and students should do their best to solve the problem. The authorities should create more reading rooms to satisfy students' needs whereas students should not waste the already limited resources. In this way, an optimum allocation of resources can be realized and all students would enjoy their studies.
【参考译文】
论大学生的占座行为
在英语里有个说法，叫做“先到者先得”。它强调的是，人们必须遵守秩序。这一点也适用于大学生们在学校图书馆的阅览室里寻找座位的行为。然而，在中国，事情似乎稍显复杂。学生们不是亲身去占有座位，而往往是用书本、书包或其他个人物件来代表他们对于某个座位的“合法”占有权。
在某种程度上，这种在每个校园里几乎无所不在的做法有其合理之处。学生们用于进行自习的座位数量有限，学校当局应尽力去增加此类设施，以满足学生们的需求。不管怎么说，学生们努力去争夺座位，表明他们热衷于他们的学习——他们的学习主动性应得到应有的认可和鼓励。然而，用个人物品去占座，却很有可能使设施的匮乏更趋严重——有些不责任的学生可能一整天甚至数天都不会现身!他们浪费了宝贵的资源，损害了其他真正有需求的学生的利益。这种行为理应受到无条件的'批评，乃至谴责。
无论是校方还是学生们自己，都应尽力去解决这一难题。校方应开辟更多的阅览室来满足学生们的需求，而学生们也不应去浪费早已捉襟见肘的资源。如此一来，一种最佳的资源配置就能得以实现，而所有的学生终将尽享他们的学习。
篇6：大学生占座的英语作文
关于大学生占座的英语作文
We often see there is a table cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. Strangely enough, most of students seem to take this for granted, and few will protest it.
我们经常看到有一块桌布，在教室或图书馆的桌子上一本书或其他什么的，说明座位的。这种现象几乎在所有大学中是很常见的。奇怪的是，大多数学生似乎认为这是理所当然的.，很少有人会反对它。
Though most of students’ taking seats in advance is for better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students’ interests. Sometimes even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. On the other hand, reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness. No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you even though many others are eager for that seat.
虽然大多数学生提前为更好的研究，这种现象有很大的负面影响。一方面，这是一种自私的行为，损害其他学生的利益。有时，即使许多学生到教室很早，他们无法找到一个座位。另一方面，违反了公平原则。无论多晚你来上课，这座仍然为您保留，尽管很多人想要的座位。
Considering the above-mentioned, I think, it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon “reserving a seat”.
鉴于上述，我认为，现在是时候，我们大学生花了我们的行为看起来很好。事实上，如果我们都能提高我们的意识，这是不是一个困难的任务，我们要摆脱这种现象”预订座位”。
篇7：写大学生占座的英语作文
Nowadays, seat reservation in college has been brought to our attention as some students in campus always save a seat for a long time. Although it is a small action, it brings some influences to students’ lives and campus construction.
目前，在高校里占座位已引起了大家的注意，因为有些学生在校园总是霸占一个位置很久。虽然这是一个小小的举动，它给学生的生活和校园建设带来了一些影响。
There are some influences caused by seat reservation. First, seat reservation brings inconvenience to other students. This situation is quite common in library when all students are preparing the final exams. Due to seat reservation, other students have to spend more time to find their seats than usual. Second, it will give rise to crony phenomenon to a large extent. Those who have already known the difficulty in finding seats will copy after the bad behavior to save a seat. And this increases the difficulty in finding seats finally. Last but not least, seat reservation has also brought some inconvenience to school management. In order to save the seat, students will leave something like books or clothes on the desks. And that is quite inconvenient for cleaners to clean the classroom and library as well as influence the image of school.
占位置造成了一定的影响。首先，占位置给其他同学带来不便。在所有的学生都准备期末考试的时候，这种情况在图书馆是很常见的。由于占位置，其他学生就得花比平时更多的时间来找到一个位置。 第二，在很大程度上它会引起裙带现象。那些知道找座位困难的学生会效仿这种不好的行为也去占一个位置。这让找到座位变得更加困难。最后但并非最不重要的，占座位也给学校管理人员带来了一些不便。为了占位置，学生会把书或衣服之类的东西留在桌子上。这为清洁阿姨打扫卫生造成了很大的不便而且还影响学校形象。
Taking above influence into account, I advocate that the institutions and students should make joint efforts to eliminate this phenomenon. For one thing, the institutions should take some measures such as cleaning the things on the desks or chairs every day so that no one would leave things on them. For another, students should be well informed to forbid saving seats.
综上述影响考虑，我建议学校机构和学生应共同努力来消除这种现象。一方面，学校要采取一些措施，如每天清理放在桌子或椅子上的东西的，这样就没有人会把东西放在桌子或者椅子上面了。另一方面，学生应该被告知禁止占位置。
篇8：英语四级作文：占座
英语四级作文：占座
We often see there is a table cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. Strangely enough, most of students seem to take this for granted, and few will protest it.
Though most of students’ taking seats in advance is for better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students’ interests. Sometimes even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. On the other hand, reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness. No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you even though many others are eager for that seat.
Considering the above-mentioned, I think, it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon “reserving a seat”.
篇9：占座的英语作文
关于占座的英语作文
It is a common phenomena on college that students occupy seats.Different people have different point of view about that.
这是对高校学生占用座位的一种常见的现象。不同的人有不同的观点。
Some people who against occupying seats argue that it's a bad manner to do so,while the other people who favor it claim that it can offer the chance to the students who want to listen to the lesson.Everything have two sides so does seat occupying. For one thing,it's not very fair to the student who want the seat but get there late without friends occupying seats for them.For another,it's fairly easy for some students to get the seat with occupying seats if they couldn't get up very early.
有些人对谁占用座位认为，这样做是不礼貌的，而其他人喜欢它声称它可以提供机会的人要听我的课的学生。任何事情都有两面那么占座。首先，这不是很公平的人想要的座位的学生但没有朋友占用座位他们到达那里。另一方面，它是相当简单的一些学生占用座位坐如果他们不能起床很早。
As far as I'm concerned,the disadvantage of occupying seats on college is more than the possitve parts.
就我而言，高校占座的缺点多于积极的部分。
We often see there is a table cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. Strangely enough, most of students seem to take this for granted, and few will protest it.
我们经常看到有一块桌布，在教室或图书馆的桌子上一本书或其他什么的，说明座位的'。这种现象几乎在所有大学中是很常见的。奇怪的是，大多数学生似乎认为这是理所当然的，很少有人会反对它。
Though most of students’ taking seats in advance is for better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students’ interests. Sometimes even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. On the other hand, reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness. No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you even though many others are eager for that seat.
虽然大多数学生提前为更好的研究，这种现象有很大的负面影响。一方面，这是一种自私的行为，损害其他学生的利益。有时，即使许多学生到教室很早，他们无法找到一个座位。另一方面，违反了公平原则。无论多晚你来上课，这座仍然为您保留，尽管很多人想要的座位。
Considering the above-mentioned, I think, it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon “reserving a seat“.
鉴于上述，我认为，现在是时候，我们大学生花了我们的行为看起来很好。事实上，如果我们都能提高我们的意识，这是不是一个困难的任务，我们要摆脱这种现象”预订座位”。
篇10：关于占座的英语作文
It is a common phenomena on college that students occupy seats.Different people have different point of view about that.
这是对高校学生占用座位的一种常见的现象。不同的人有不同的观点。
Some people who against occupying seats argue that it's a bad manner to do so,while the other people who favor it claim that it can offer the chance to the students who want to listen to the lesson.Everything have two sides so does seat occupying. For one thing,it's not very fair to the student who want the seat but get there late without friends occupying seats for them.For another,it's fairly easy for some students to get the seat with occupying seats if they couldn't get up very early.
有些人对谁占用座位认为，这样做是不礼貌的，而其他人喜欢它声称它可以提供机会的人要听我的课的学生。任何事情都有两面那么占座。首先，这不是很公平的人想要的座位的学生但没有朋友占用座位他们到达那里。另一方面，它是相当简单的一些学生占用座位坐如果他们不能起床很早。
As far as I'm concerned,the disadvantage of occupying seats on college is more than the possitve parts.
就我而言，高校占座的缺点多于积极的部分。
We often see there is a table cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. Strangely enough, most of students seem to take this for granted, and few will protest it.
我们经常看到有一块桌布，在教室或图书馆的桌子上一本书或其他什么的，说明座位的。这种现象几乎在所有大学中是很常见的。奇怪的是，大多数学生似乎认为这是理所当然的，很少有人会反对它。
Though most of students’ taking seats in advance is for better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students’ interests. Sometimes even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. On the other hand, reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness. No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you even though many others are eager for that seat.
虽然大多数学生提前为更好的研究，这种现象有很大的负面影响。一方面，这是一种自私的行为，损害其他学生的利益。有时，即使许多学生到教室很早，他们无法找到一个座位。另一方面，违反了公平原则。无论多晚你来上课，这座仍然为您保留，尽管很多人想要的座位。
Considering the above-mentioned, I think, it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon “reserving a seat”.
鉴于上述，我认为，现在是时候，我们大学生花了我们的行为看起来很好。事实上，如果我们都能提高我们的意识，这是不是一个困难的任务，我们要摆脱这种现象”预订座位”。
篇11：大学英语四级作文：占座
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reserving a Seat. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1)很多大学里“占座”现象十分普遍
2)这种现象会带来哪些影响
3)你对此的看法
英语作文范文：
Reserving a Seat
We often see there is a table cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. Strangely enough, most of students seem to take this for granted, and few will protest it.
Though most of students’ taking seats in advance is for better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students’ interests. Sometimes even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. On the other hand, reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness. No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you even though many others are eager for that seat.
Considering the above-mentioned, I think, it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon “reserving a seat”.
推荐英语作文范文如下：
英语四级作文万能句
英语四级作文的'框架句
篇12：四级作文：占座
四级作文：占座
Reserving a Seat
We often see there is a table cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. Strangely enough, most of students seem to take this for granted, and few will protest it.
Though most of students’ taking seats in advance is for better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students’ interests. Sometimes even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. On the other hand, reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness. No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you even though many others are eager for that seat.
Considering the above-mentioned, I think, it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon “reserving a seat”.
篇13：上课占座作文
我常常因占不着座位而发愁。每一次到学校食堂，无论迟早，不是桌子有人，就是桌子上放个空碗，代表桌子已被占。有时候幸好有几个好朋友有座位，我就和她们挤挤，要不然每次都得把饭拿到教室去吃。夏天还好，一到冬天就不行了。有人会问这么小一件事怎么会带来那么多困扰呢！没办法，就是一个座位带来了这么多烦恼。
其实这种现象在社会上有很多。两块破砖摆在街边或路边，表示这个位置已经被占了，即使这个位置整天或更长时间闲着没用，也就这么被占着；图书馆自修室的桌椅上随便放上一个物件就表示此位有主，即使该座位的“主人”整晚自修并不现身，此位也就那么空着。
看，公交车门刚打开，男女老少都拼命向上挤，目的就是为了占上一个座位；学区房火热，无论多贵家长都想租或者买，只因为家长想给孩子占个理想学位。这是家长们对我们的爱，想创造一个好一点的学习环境给我们。占座就如同抢占先机一样，你快，有人比你更快；你强，有人比你更强。
占座就像一座桥，无论这座桥上有多少人，你都得从上边挤着过，因为你不挤没有人会给你让出一条道来。每年都有许多人为考上公务员而挤得头破血流的，他们为什么要挤着去考公务员呢？扫大街反正没有人抢却为什么有没有人愿意干呢！因为人们的攀比心理，因为人总是想过上更理想的生活。总觉得扫地没有做公务员更能体现人生的价值吧。实际上职业没有贵贱之分，所有能为别人带来方便的工作理应受人尊敬。所以太多的事情不应该去“挤”，去占。在争取位置的时候也要考虑他人的`情形是否需要让一让，因为这个“让”并不会让你损失什么，反之还会获得别人更多的尊敬。
愿人人都献出一份爱！
篇14：上课占座作文
我们刚刚开始来到这个学校学习的时候还会占座，这是为了有一个好位置，可以在这里努力学习，不过随着时间的流逝，大家也就不会每一节课都占座了！
每一个新生入学后都会有这样的情况，不过慢慢的就会改变了，这个时候也就意味着我们成为了学长学姐了，上课时间还在路上跑的人一般就属于新生，因为只有新生才会担心上课迟到，其他人因为知道了很多东西，也就不会畏惧老师的一些惩罚了！
然而我们还是会有占座的时候，我记得有一节英语课之后就是一节线性代数课，而线性代数在一楼，英语课在三楼，我们去上课的时候就会顺便把书本放在这里，也是为了使自己轻松一点儿，我们都有一些懒惰，少拿一点算一点，这也是我们今年以来占座的时候！
而我一般占座的时候已经有了不少人占座，风水宝地根本就没有了，我往往选择的是考窗户的地方，这里属于偏僻的地方，不过我一般来说都是在第二排。
占座其实也是为了让自己努力学习，在前面的人还是会注意一下，毕竟老师就在自己的最前面，还是需要注意老师，老师怎么说也是老师，我们还是有一些畏惧！
篇15：小学五年级占座的英语作文
小学五年级关于占座的英语作文
星期天去恐龙园时，在公交车上我看到了一件令人幸福的事：
Sunday to the dinosaur park, on the bus I saw a very happy thing:
让座
Offer one's seat
公交车上很挤，几乎连一粒米也不能在车厢里顺利的滚过去。一连好几站司机伯伯都没停。正当我被挤得快不能呼吸时，突然一位大哥哥站了起来，对站在我左边的`老奶奶说：“婆婆，您来坐吧!”可是，那位老奶奶却说：“还是你坐吧，你们年轻人工作辛苦。”大哥哥脸上带着一丝微笑，说：“婆婆，还是你坐吧，我还有2站就到啦。”老奶奶点点头，这才安心的坐下。但是，我看到过了2站之后大哥哥并没有下车，而是躲进了人群里，过了6.7站才下车。
The bus was crowded, even a grain of rice can roll smoothly in the car in the past. For several uncle driver did not stop. Just as I was packed breathe when suddenly a big brother to stand up, for I am standing on the left side of the old grandmother said: “grandma, you come and sit down!” However, the old woman said: “you sit down, you young people to work hard.” Said with a smile on his face, big brother: “mother, you sit down, I still have 2 stops from here.” The old woman nodded, this just sit back. However, I have seen 2 station after big brother did not get off, but in the crowd, had only 6.7 stations to get off.
回家乘车时，却让我又碰上了一件令人气愤的事：
When the car home, but I met a very angry:
占座
Occupying a seat
我上车的时候，车上并没有那么挤了，我幸运地找到一个座位。谁知，坐在空座位旁边的人看到我往她边上走，竟然故意把包放在那个空座位上，令我哭笑不得。后来过了几站我终于找到一个座位坐下来。这时，又上来两个人，先上来的那个人把包放在我旁边的座位上，自己却坐在另一个座位上，后来的那个人，指了指那个人的包，那个人才很不情愿得把包放在自己身边。
When I got on the bus, the car is not so crowded, I was lucky enough to find a seat. Who knows, sitting on the empty seat next to see me to her side to go, even deliberately put the bag on the seat, make me laugh and cry. Then a few station, I finally found a seat and sat down. At this time, and came up to two people, the first person to put the bag on the seat next to me, he was sitting in a seat, the man later, pointed to the bag, the talent is reluctant to put the bag at his side.
中国有许多传统美德，可是这些美德总是被一部分人遗忘或淡忘，我们要发扬传统，多做好事，当一位“我为人人，人人为我”的文明市民。
China has many traditional virtue, but the virtue is always part of a forgotten or forgotten, we must carry forward the tradition, do good deeds, when a “one for all, all for me” civilized people.
篇16：占座英语作文带翻译 Reserving a Seat
占座英语作文带翻译 Reserving a Seat
Nowadays, it is common to see a textbook, a notebook or even apiece of paperon the desk in the classroom or library, indicating that the seat has been taken. And strangely enough, most students seem to take this for granted.
现在，它是常见的一本教科书，一本笔记本或一张纸在教室或图书馆的桌子，表明座位了。奇怪的`是，大多数学生似乎认为这是理所当然的。
Although for most students, reserving seats is for the sake of study, it still has brought some negative effects. On the one hand, reserving seats violates the rule of fairness. Some students can not find a seat, even if they come to the classroom early. As a result, they tend to feel disappointed at college study. On the other hand, reserving seats is a selfish behavior. With a reserved seat, no matter how late one comesto class, the seat is still kept him.Therefore, students who are used to reserving seats may become insensitive, never concerning about others feelings.
虽然大多数学生，预订座位是为研究需要，它还带来了一些负面影响。另一方面，保留席位，违反了公平原则。一些学生无法找到一个座位，即使他们早早地来到教室。作为一个结果，他们往往会感到失望，在大学学习。另一方面，预订座位是一种自私的行为。有预定的座位，不管多晚一班的座位到，仍然保持着他。因此，学生谁是用来保留席位可能变得不敏感，不关心别人的感受。
Considering what has been mentioned above, I think it is high time that we college students reconsidered our behavior. As long as all of us improve our consciousness, it will not be difficult to get rid of the habit of reserving seats.
考虑到上面提到的，我认为现在是时候，我们大学生重新考虑我们的行为。只要我们提高我们的意识，就不难摆脱保留座位的习惯。
篇17：占座的作文1200字
背包坐在座位上
放假喽！放假喽！我的心也跟着假日的到来快乐得要飞起来了。想想放假还不用写作业，真叫一个爽！A计划就是坐上火车到奶奶家的“自由王国”当咱的“自由王子”去。再也不用听难解的题，美其名日：“低碳之旅”。就是可以去但不给买车票的钱和打的的钱，自己想办法！乖乖！这可是世界上最难的数学题，用什么办法0运费，把自己从甲地运到乙地呢？经过仔细思考，有了个绝妙的答案。
我把家里装证件的柜子翻了个遍，找到了一个酷似爸爸工作证的小本本，上面写着“铁路职工家属证”。打开看，八岁时的自己正对我天真地笑着。也不知道这东东能不能当一回车票用，带着忐忑的心情把它放进包里。至于从家到火车站的十几里路嘛，咱就用自己的便携式交通工具“11路”。走在车来车往的路上感觉好极了，这时孔乙己跳出来对我说：“难乎哉！不难也！”
来到车站，看到好多候车的人，有提着包的，有抱着孩子的，有排队买票的，还有坐在候车席候车的，真是人来人往，热闹非凡。当上车逐个检票时，我拿着小本本的手都出汗了，看过证件后，检票员什么也没说就放行了，这时我心里那个美哟，更为爸爸是铁路公司人而自豪。看来从前抱怨和爸爸聚少离多是不对的，让火车跑起来，把人们从甲地运送到乙地，这是爸爸社会价值的体现，这是一种别样的幸福。作为铁路职工的家属，更要全心全意支持他们的工作。
当我从清爽的晚风巾走进闷热的车厢里，心巾就不那么爽了！车厢里的热气与乘客身上的汗味混杂在一起，真不好闻。因为不是客运高峰，所以只有八节车厢，车厢很快就似乎坐满了，后来再进车厢的人很难找到座位，为什么呢？往右边看，三个人的座位上横躺着一位很胖的女士；往左边看，两个人的座位上，一个乘客坐在那儿，旁边的座位上放着他的包，你想坐下来他就会说“这儿有人了”。往下一个右边座位上看，一位男青年光着一双大脚躺在长座上，看着新上来的乘客焦急地找座位，却丝毫没有让座的意思，他的表情像是看好玩儿的找座位游戏；还有的人躺在长座上装睡，看都不看别人一眼。从车厢的东边走到两边，全是这样的画面。我走到车厢尽头最后一排长座上坐下来，接着一位抱着一个三岁左右的小女孩的妇女也气喘吁吁地坐在我的对面。还没坐稳，一对父子就冲了过来，说这是他们占的座位，因为靠窗户的两个座位一边放了一个他们的背包，还让那个抱着孩子的'妇女快离开。看着不知如何是好的妇女，我生气地站起来对那位中年男人说：“叔叔．你不能说这两边六个座位，你们爷俩儿都占了吧！这是六个人的座位。”中年男人的脸稍有点儿红，但却狡辩说：“谁说的！”我指着车窗上的号码牌说：“你看看号码牌不就知道了。”中年男人不再狡辩，匆匆将座位上的包放到行李架上，领着他七八岁大的儿子坐在我的身旁。紧接着，两个在前边没找到座位的乘客坐了过来，填满了剩下的两个座位。
是车厢里的座位太少，还是人的心里没给别人留下空间，还是车上的乘务管理出了问题？还没想清楚这样的问题，火车怒吼了一声徐徐开动了……
佳作点评
背包坐在座位上，这是何意？看完全文我们才感叹小作者的匠心独具，这不是拟人手法的矫情运用，而是真真正正的义愤填膺的声音：宁可让自己的包占着座位，也不愿让其他乘客落座，这是何其自私的做法？在某些人的眼中，他人还没有自己的一个背包重要！能看到这一社会怪相，足见小作者敏锐的洞察力和强烈的社会责任感。至于文章的缺点，如入题慢，情节散，便完全可以不计了。有了精神的高度，技巧上的问题完全可以用经验来解决。
篇18：大学生逃课现象英语作文
大学生逃课现象英语作文汇集
大学生逃课(Students Are Truancy)
In colleges and universities, the phenomenon of students’ skipping classes is not unusual. There are often some students who skip those classes for feeling unwell or other private reasons. Besides, still some students don’t go to class without any reason but for they don’t want to.
There are two main reasons for college students’ skipping classes. First, compared with in middle school, students have more freedom in college. It depends more on one student’s consciousness whether he will attend the class. So those students lacking self-discipline begin to skip classes. Second, some teachers’ lectures could not attract students’ interests so that some students would rather skip classes to study what they are interested in.
For whatever reasons, skipping classes does bring negative effects on students’ study. Therefore, it is necessary to take some effective measures to reduce this phenomenon. On the one hand, the school and teachers should make students realize the negative effects of skipping classes and enhance their consciousness of attending the class. On the other hand, teachers have to improve their teaching quality to attract students’ interests in the courses. Only in this way can the phenomenon of skipping classes be reduced as soon as possible.
大学生逃课(Students Truancy)
Increasing numbers of college students are cutting classes, which has caused a great deal of social concern and criticism. Some think that the larger part of the blame should go to the students. Others, however, think that it is the teachers who should be responsible. But I think both the students and the teachers have fault of their own.
Compared with middle school students, college students have relatively more “freedom”. If they are not strict with themselves, chances are that they will oversleep in the morning, go to the Internet or find other activities to entertain themselves during class hours. In addition, some students have the misconception that work experience is more important than theoretical knowledge when it comes to job hunting. So they busy themselves in part time jobs when they should be attending class.
On the other hand, some teachers still conduct classes in the old fashioned way. Their classes are so boring that they make many students fall asleep. Besides, some textbooks are so out of date that they think it a waste of time attending classes.
In a word, both the students and the teachers should be wide awake to this serious problem and make great efforts to use the time at college to its best advantage.
逃课有理?(Skip class Are right)
Some people may believe that going to classes should be optional, but I disagree. I don't understand how university students can expect to learn anything if they don't attend classes. Personal experience can help people learn about themselves and the world outside the classroom, but when it comes to learning about academic subjects, students need to be in class.
有些人可能认为，上课应该是选择性的，但我不同意。我不明白如果大学生不去上课，他们如何能够学到东西。个人的经验可以帮助人们了解自己和课堂以外的世界，但就学习学术课程来说，学生是需要去上课的。
In class they receive the benefit of the teacher's knowledge. The best teachers do more than just go over the material in the class textbook. They draw their students into discussion of the material. They present opposing points of view. They schedule guest speakers to come, give the students additional information, or show documentary films on the subject.
在课堂上他们接受教师传授的知识的好处。好的老师不仅仅是照搬教科书上的材料。他们把他们的学生带入材料的探讨中。他们提出了相反的观点。他们安排嘉宾的到来，给学生带来更多的.信息，或展示那个主题的纪录片。
Also, attending classes on any subject teaches more than just facts. It teaches students how to learn, how to absorb information and then apply what they've learned to other situations. Their teacher is the best one to help them with these skills. They can't learn them just by reading the textbook.
同时，任何学科的课程所教的不仅仅只是事实。会教学生如何去学习，如何吸收信息，然后在其他情况下运用他们所学到的知识。老师是最好的人选来帮助他们掌握这些技能。那是他们不能仅仅通过阅读课本而学习到的。
Going to class also teaches students how to work with the other members of the class. Many times students will be given group assignments. This is different from what they did in secondary school. Here they're with people from different backgrounds and experiences. In this situation, they learn how to handle working with people different from themselves to achieve a common goal.
去上课也教导学生如何与班上的其他人共处。很多时候学生要做小组作业。这与他们在中学中是不同的。在这里，他们有着不同的背景和经历。在这种情况下，他们学会了如何处理与自己不一样却有着共同的目标的人。
Going to class also teaches students responsibility and discipline. Having to be at a particular place at a particular time prepares themselves for getting a job. Being at a place on time with an assignment completed prepares them for a career.
去上课也教学生责任和纪律。必须在特定的时间、地点自己做好找工作的准备。在规定的地方按时完成任务是为找工作而做准备。
In short, by going to class, students learn more than just information from the teacher. They also learn how to learn, how to work with others, and how to work responsibly. These are not optional skills in life, so attending classes should not be optional in college.
总之，去上课的学生不仅仅是从教师身上学到知识。他们也学到如何学习，如何与他人合作，如何负责任地工作。这些都是生活必备的技能，所以不应该在大学上课是可选的。
篇19：12月大学英语四级作文预测：占座
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reserving a Seat. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1)很多大学里“占座”现象十分普遍
2)这种现象会带来哪些影响
3)你对此的看法
四级作文范文：
Reserving a Seat
We often see there is a table cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. Strangely enough, most of students seem to take this for granted, and few will protest it.
Though most of students’ taking seats in advance is for better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students’ interests. Sometimes even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. On the other hand, reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness. No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you even though many others are eager for that seat.
Considering the above-mentioned, I think, it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon “reserving a seat”.
篇20：12月大学英语四级作文预测：占座
12月大学英语四级作文预测：占座
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reserving a Seat. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1)很多大学里“占座”现象十分普遍
2)这种现象会带来哪些影响
3)你对此的看法
四级作文范文：
Reserving a Seat
We often see there is a table cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. Strangely enough, most of students seem to take this for granted, and few will protest it.
Though most of students’ taking seats in advance is for better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students’ interests. Sometimes even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. On the other hand, reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness. No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you even though many others are eager for that seat.
Considering the above-mentioned, I think, it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon “reserving a seat”.
篇21：共有资源配置中的抢占问题DDD对校园占座现象的思考
共有资源配置中的抢占问题DDD对校园占座现象的思考
摘要：校园占座现象实质上是一种资源的抢占现象，它的背后折射出了共有资源配置中的抢占问题。本文通过对占座现象的层层深入地分析，得出一条结论，垄断能提高共有资源配置的效率。希望对解决共有资源配置中的抢占问题有所帮助。关键词： 抢占 共有资源 成本收益 供求分析 市场结构
占座现象是校园里的特色事物之一，它貌似简单，却反映了共有资源配置中的抢占问题。座位作为一种校园里的共有资源，是通过学生的占座行为完成自发配置的。那些没有明确或无法明确分配规则的共有资源，在使用过程中也会出现这类抢占问题。本文将通过对占座现象的深入分析来讨论共有资源的抢占问题。
一、关于占座的一些概念和假设
所谓“占座”就是在一次活动开始前占有活动场地内某个或某些位置在活动期间的使用权，并以放在该位置的物品作为标识或是直接守在那里。这是狭义的.占座概念，校园里的占座现象就属于此类。如果把“座”的含义推广到资源概念上，包括有形的和无形的资源，就得到广义的“占座”概念。广义的“占座”是一种抢占资源的行为。
被抢占的资源一般非单个物品，它们的使用权和所有权相分离，使用权让渡给使用者时没有明确或者无法明确分配规则，所以使用者可以采取抢占行为，在抢占过程中不涉及所有权的问题，因而不是违法的。所有权与使用权的分离只是抢占行为产生的基础，其产生的动机是被抢占资源的稀缺或是由质量优劣差异导致的优者的稀缺。稀缺性加上不明确的分配规则，使使用者获利不确定，于是引发了抢占行为。
从上述分析中可以看到，这类可抢占的资源实质上是共有资源，而且是那些产权难以界定、收费难、分配规则无法明确的稀缺的共有资源。我在这里称其为“可占的共有资源”。比如海洋资源、生态资源、市场资源等。这类资源在配置过程中都会遇到抢占问题，而且会由抢占行为在各自系统内形成一个特殊的市场，在这个“抢占市场”上，资源的使用者作为买方形成需求，资源的存在状况构成供给，抢占者支付的抢占成本（此概念，下一部分有详细阐述）形成了市场价格。主动权在买方手中，价格在买方的竞争中形成。
由于占座现象代表了一些共有资源配置中的抢占问题，我们可以通过对占座现象的深入分析来考察共有资源的抢占问题。在分析之前先明确一些前提和假设：第一个假设就是座位的稀缺性，这基本上符合实际情况；第二个假设是在长期的占座过程中形成的制度约束保持不变；第三个假设是占座的目的只有三种，听课、逃避听课和自习；第四个假设是座位供给状况不变且占座者是理性的经济人；第五个假设是每位学生只占一个座位，不帮助他人占座，即买方之间没有联合，从买方角度讲，市场是完全竞争的。
二、占座的经济学分析
本部分将从四个层次对占座现象进行层层深入的分析。
1、成本――收益分析
一般来讲，消费者使用某个座位会获得一定的效用，这些效用可分为两类，一类是物质的，一类是精神的。这两部分合起来，可以看作消费者使用该座位所获得的收益，用公式表示就是R＝f1(s)+f2(m)。其中，s为物质因素，m为精神因素。对某一特定消费者而言，他使用座位所获得的收益会随座位属性的不同而变化，对某一特定的座位而言，它所发挥的效用会根据消费者偏好的差异而变化。所以上面的收益函数对不同类型的消费者有不同的形式，而自变量又是由座位属性来确定的。
无论消费者占座与否，在使用座位之前总要先寻找，寻找过程中花费的时间、消耗的体力等构成“寻找成本”。只要消费者获得一个座位就必须支付这部分成本，所以“寻找成本”在占座分析中无关紧要，在下面的分析中把这部分成本抽象掉。这样，不占座时，消费者就不支付成本，此时空位置是随机的，消费者能从
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篇22：共有资源配置中的抢占问题DDD对校园占座现象的思考
共有资源配置中的抢占问题DDD对校园占座现象的思考
摘要：校园占座现象实质上是一种资源的抢占现象，它的背后折射出了共有资源配置中的抢占问题。本文通过对占座现象的层层深入地分析，得出一条结论，垄断能提高共有资源配置的效率。希望对解决共有资源配置中的抢占问题有所帮助。关键词： 抢占 共有资源 成本收益 供求分析 市场结构
占座现象是校园里的特色事物之一，它貌似简单，却反映了共有资源配置中的抢占问题。座位作为一种校园里的共有资源，是通过学生的占座行为完成自发配置的。那些没有明确或无法明确分配规则的共有资源，在使用过程中也会出现这类抢占问题。本文将通过对占座现象的深入分析来讨论共有资源的抢占问题。
一、关于占座的一些概念和假设
所谓“占座”就是在一次活动开始前占有活动场地内某个或某些位置在活动期间的使用权，并以放在该位置的物品作为标识或是直接守在那里。这是狭义的占座概念，校园里的占座现象就属于此类。如果把“座”的含义推广到资源概念上，包括有形的和无形的资源，就得到广义的“占座”概念。广义的“占座”是一种抢占资源的行为。
被抢占的资源一般非单个物品，它们的使用权和所有权相分离，使用权让渡给使用者时没有明确或者无法明确分配规则，所以使用者可以采取抢占行为，在抢占过程中不涉及所有权的问题，因而不是违法的。所有权与使用权的分离只是抢占行为产生的基础，其产生的动机是被抢占资源的稀缺或是由质量优劣差异导致的优者的稀缺。稀缺性加上不明确的分配规则，使使用者获利不确定，于是引发了抢占行为。
从上述分析中可以看到，这类可抢占的资源实质上是共有资源，而且是那些产权难以界定、收费难、分配规则无法明确的稀缺的共有资源。我在这里称其为“可占的共有资源”。比如海洋资源、生态资源、市场资源等。这类资源在配置过程中都会遇到抢占问题，而且会由抢占行为在各自系统内形成一个特殊的市场，在这个“抢占市场”上，资源的使用者作为买方形成需求，资源的存在状况构成供给，抢占者支付的抢占成本（此概念，下一部分有详细阐述）形成了市场价格。主动权在买方手中，价格在买方的竞争中形成。
由于占座现象代表了一些共有资源配置中的抢占问题，我们可以通过对占座现象的深入分析来考察共有资源的抢占问题。在分析之前先明确一些前提和假设：第一个假设就是座位的稀缺性，这基本上符合实际情况；第二个假设是在长期的占座过程中形成的制度约束保持不变；第三个假设是占座的目的只有三种，听课、逃避听课和自习；第四个假设是座位供给状况不变且占座者是理性的经济人；第五个假设是每位学生只占一个座位，不帮助他人占座，即买方之间没有联合，从买方角度讲，市场是完全竞争的。
二、占座的经济学分析
本部分将从四个层次对占座现象进行层层深入的分析。
1、成本――收益分析
一般来讲，消费者使用某个座位会获得一定的效用，这些效用可分为两类，一类是物质的，一类是精神的。这两部分合起来，可以看作消费者使用该座位所获得的收益，用公式表示就是R＝f1(s)+f2(m)。其中，s为物质因素，m为精神因素。对某一特定消费者而言，他使用座位所获得的收益会随座位属性的不同而变化，对某一特定的座位而言，它所发挥的效用会根据消费者偏好的差异而变化。所以上面的收益函数对不同类型的消费者有不同的形式，而自变量又是由座位属性来确定的。
无论消费者占座与否，在使用座位之前总要先寻找，寻找过程中花费的时间、消耗的体力等构成“寻找成本”。只要消费者获得一个座位就必须支付这部分成本，所以“寻找成本”在占座分析中无关紧要，在下面的分析中把这部分成本抽象掉。这样，不占座时，消费者就不支付成本，此时空位置是随机的，消费者能从中得到的收益也就随机，可大可小，可正可负，也可能为零。如果有空位置，消费者会在其中选择最优的一个, 但这并不能满足他利润最大化的追求。原因很简单，成本为零时，利润最大化表现为收益最大化，随机的收益显然不能满足消费者的追求，于是引发了消费者的占座行为。
在占座过程中，除已抽象掉的“寻找成本”外，消费者还要支付另一部分额外的成本，就是占座成本，它包括客观上的交易成本C1 和主观上的预期成本C2 。前者是指消费者投入的人力（用r表示）、物力（用w表示）、花费的时间（用t 表示）、精神上因紧张担忧而疲惫（用m 表示）等。后者主要指由于占座物品丢失或损坏带来的损失，取决于占座物品的价值（用v表示）和丢失或损坏的概率（用p表示）。总成本用公式可以表示成 C = C1 + C2 = g1( r , w , t , s ) + g2( v , p ) 。
消费者占座后最终获取的收益受其他消费者行为影响，在占座以前，消费者只能知道一个预期的收益。图一描绘了消费者成本――预期收益曲线的三种基本形状。C、R分别表示成本和预期收益，Rm是收益最大值。因为座位是既定的，收益必然有最大值，这个最大值就是最优座位给消费者带来的收益。虚线R＝C上方表示收益大于成本，是曲线的有效部分。 成本为零处收益不能确定。每个消费者按各自曲线以MR＝MC原则确定最优成本支出，也就是曲线上边际为1的点对应的成本。例如A点对应的成本CA 。
图 一
2、市场供求分析
下面在成本――收益分析基础上，进行供求分析。首先分析需求面。
市场价格是消费者愿意支付的成本，也就是上面分析中的最优成本，在一定价格P下，需求量就是最优成本为P的消费者数Q，Q受消费者群偏好的影响，因此消费偏好是一个很重要的因素，它由占座目的决定，依据假设三，分为三种。下面分别进行讨论并从中得到各自的需求曲线。
第一类是以听课为目的的占座者。他们为了“好位置”而占。占座动机起源于由座位质量差异引起的优质座位的稀缺。他们对越有利于听课的位置，偏好越强。这类消费者是学习型的，听课对他们来说至关重要，他们为了获得好位置，不惜支付高昂的成本，也就是说，价格越高的座位，需求者越多（也就是需求量越大），反映在需求曲线上就是需求量与价格的正相关性，如图二（a）。
第二类是为了逃避听课―在课上睡觉或看小说而占座的消费者。他们也是为了“好位置”而占。占座动机与第一类相同。对越是不利于听课的位置偏好越强。这类消费者是逃学型的，睡觉或是看小说给他们带来的效用远远比不上听课给第一类消费者带来的效用，因为睡觉或看小说可能并不是他们的追求，而只是他们为逃避听课而采取的不得已行为。由于占座愿望不强烈，愿意支付高成本的人少，所以价格越高的座位追求者越少，即需求量越小。
第三类是自习占座者，他们为了“有位置”而占。对他们而言，座位之间差异很小，可忽略。这里不妨假设这类消费者面对的是同质的产品。占座动机起源于同质座位数量上的稀缺。这种由数量稀缺引起的占座与前两类由质量稀缺引起的占座最大的不同在于，收益只有两种情况，要么是一个既定的值，要么为零。在这种情况下，消费者不愿支付额外的成本，他们会尽可能把自己的成本降到所有人的平均成本上。所以，价格略有增加，需求人数就急剧下降，需求价格弹性趋于无穷。
由以上分析，可以得到这三类消费者群各自的需求曲线，依次记作 D1 ，D2 ，D3 ，如图二。曲线上的点表示在一定价格水平P下，愿意采取占座行为的人数Q 。这在表面上
图 二
看起来与传统的需求曲线意义不同，但是如果把一个消费者群看成一个“消费者”，那么，一定价格下愿意占座者的人数也就相当于这个“消费者”的需求量了。这样，占座市场简化为只有三个消费者，记作消费者Ⅰ，消费者Ⅱ，消费者Ⅲ。
从这三条需求曲线中，我们看到，对于消费者Ⅰ来说，座位相当于吉芬商品，价格越高，需求量越大。对消费者Ⅱ、Ⅲ来讲，座位是正常品，只是消费者Ⅲ的需求价格弹性要大得多。
下面分析供给面。
如果把供给曲线定义为一定价格下座位的数量，就可以得到一条向右下方倾斜的.供给曲线S 。如图三，对由质量稀缺引起的占座而言，价格越高，质量越优，数量也就越少,所以供给量是价格P的减函数。由数量稀缺引起的占座中，数量越多，稀缺度越小，越容易占到，价格也就越低。总之，两种情况下，供给量都是价格的减函数，价格都反映了资源――座位的稀缺度。
图 三
这里还要指出一点，不同类型的消费者之间不具有竞争性。竞争只在每类消费者群内部进行。占座市场实际上有三个独立的部分。
3、供求的共同作用
下面把供给和需求合起来考察每部分市场上消费者是怎样通过竞争来分配资源的。由假设五可知，从买方角度来讲，占座市场是完全竞争的，单个消费者是价格的接受者，价格在消费者整体的竞争中形成。在第一类消费者群市场上，供求相对位置如图四，供求曲线交于点E ，Rm 、R0 分别为收益最大值和最小值。由于稀缺性，座位是从高价位开始配置的，所以我们从E点上方分析起。当价格处于P1 时，需求量Q2 大于供给量Q1 ，有Q2 - Q1 个消费者不能得到满意的位置，而只能接受价格较低的座位，从而遭受损失。比如他们获得价格为P2的座位时，所遭受的损失是矩形ABDC的面积 ( P1-P2 )*( Q2-Q1 ) ,致使价格P2下，原来的Q3个消费者面对的供给量不是Q4 ，而是Q5 ，Q5 = Q4 -( Q2-Q1 ) 。这时，P2价格水平下，Q3个人中又有Q3-Q5个被挤出，…… 通过这样的连锁
图 四
反应导致每一价格水平下，实际供求关系都处于供不应求的状况，在这种情况下，消费者会普遍在下一次占座中增加成本，推动价格上升，即高位价格下，需求者增加，低位价格下需求者减少，需求曲线顺时针旋转，供求缺口加大。由于始终供不应求，价格保持上升趋势，随着价格的上涨，占不到座位的人遭受的损失不断增大，得到座位的人获利趋于零。也就是说，每个消费者获利非正，整个消费者群总成本大于总收益，利润为负值。
第二类消费者群供求曲线如图五。各点含义与上图相同。供求作用机制也与上图相同。高位价格处，供不应求，通过上述连锁反应作用，推动总体价格上涨，消费者获利情况不断恶化。总体获利亦负。由于供求缺口相对较小，竞争不如上一市场激烈，价格上涨幅度较小，所以总体损失比上一种情况小。
第三类消费者的情况与前两类差异较大。如图六，图中各点含义与前两图相同。E点上方高位价格处，供大于求，价格呈下降趋势。E点下方供不应求，价格呈上涨趋势。这种系统内部有自发均衡机制，在竞争中形成均衡价格Pe。消费者整体的成本总和被控制在总收益以下，所以这类消费者整体
图 五
获利为正值。从这三个市场的分析中，可以看到它们在资源配置效率上的差异。显然第一种最无效率，第二个居中，第三种比较有效率。从本质上讲，它们都是“抢占市场”，通过抢占行为，消费者支出了本来不必要的成本，从而导致整体福利的损失，抢占成本就是整体福利的漏出。但是同样是抢占，效率上却有差别，这差别来自竞争度的差异。竞争越强的市场效率越差。于是我们可以做出这样的推断：在抢占市场上，垄断可以提高资源配置效率，使配置机制得以改进。下一部分将通过市场结构分析来对此加以论证。
4、市场结构分析
这里的市场结构与前面一样，是从买方角度讲的。把第一部分中第五个假设去掉，即放松完全竞争假设，并在时间上加以放松，放松到一个足以形成“垄断”的较长时期，来分析垄断市场。这里的垄断主要指消费者之间的联合。
以第一个市场为例。在图四中，价格在P1处时，Q2个人中会有Q2－Q1个由于随机因素得不到价格为P1的座位，从而遭受损失，他们的总体损失在区间（0 ，P1*(Q2-Q1) ）上。Q2人中每人被挤出的概率都是（Q2-Q1）/Q2。由于时间足够长，在某一段时间内，能得到座位的人可能会稳定在特定的Q1个人上，他们会彼此熟悉起来，并慢慢地会发现，如果他们联合起来，会得到更大的好处。既可以保证每次都能占到座位，又可以降低成本。联合的方式很简单，只要Q1个人分成几组，轮换着去占座就可以了。这样使每次的总成本低于不联合时的总成本―矩形OP1AQ1的面积P1*Q1，从而使Q1个消费者的总成本及平均成本（即个人成本）得以减少，相当于原价P1下实际价格的下降。
通过消费者的联合，形成了某一价格水平下的较高的进入壁垒，使其他价格水平下的消费者很难进入，从而抑制了价格上涨的趋势，使实际价格下降，总占座成本下降，也就是福利水平漏出的减少，总体福利水平提高。从另一方面讲，在占座过程中，某一座位的获得者，一定是对该座位支付最高价格的消费者之一，他之所以愿意支付最高价格，是因为他对该座位需求最强烈，也就是说该座位在他那里的使用效率最高，经过抢占配置，虽然使福利降低，却使资源使用效率提高，这也是公平和效率的矛盾的体现。垄断后亦如此，在垄断集团形成过程中，需求强烈者会千方百计不惜代价的挤进该集团，所以最终形成的某价格水平下的垄断集团，是由原价格水平下消费者中需求欲望最强者组成的。垄断不仅使福利增加，同时也使资源使用效率提高。所以我们的结论就是：在共有资源的抢占过程中，垄断因素能提高配置效率。本文讲的垄断与传统意义上的厂商垄断不同，本文中垄断指的是共有资源“抢占市场”上的买方垄断。关于垄断的优势已有不少论著，但都是对厂商垄断的研究，分析角度与本文不同。
三、共有资源的抢占现象
占座本质上就是一种校园里共有资源的抢占行为，这类现象在现实生活中随处可见。海洋生物的过度捕捞，林木的滥伐，环境污染等都属此类。下面以市场资源的抢占为例作简要说明。
市场资源对企业来说，是一种共有资源，它不仅是无形的资源，而且是一种典型的“可占共有资源”。它稀缺，无产权问题，即使通过“市场准入条件”来收费也不能明确分配规则。因为市场份额的占有在市场经济条件下是无法人为地分配的，只能通过抢占自发配置。在市场资源的“抢占市场”上，厂商是消费者，他们虽然是产品的供给者，却是市场资源的使用者。目前我国家电市场的抢占问题就很严重，众厂商纷纷以降价带来的损失作为成本抢占市场，彩电业一场“价格大战” ，结果使多数企业因没有占领市场而亏损，少数占领市场的厂商也很少或根本就不能获利。这种情形与第一类占座市场极为相似，竞争的结果却是大家都无利可赚。这时，适当地加入一些垄断的因素，会使情况好转。
由此及彼，其它共有资源的抢占问题与之大同小异，适当地加入一些垄断因素会发挥正的效应。不要一提到垄断就排斥，在共有资源的抢占问题上，它是有效率的。
参考文献：
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篇23：环境污染现象英语作文
it was the industrial revolution that gave birth to environmental pollution as we know it today. the emergence of great factories and consumption of immense quantities of coal and other fossil fuels gave rise to unprecedented air pollution and the large volume of industrial chemical discharges added to the growing load of untreated human waste. chicago and cincinnati were the first two american cities to enact laws ensuring cleaner air in 1881. other cities followed around the country until early in the 20th century, when the short lived office of air pollution was created under the department of the interior. extreme smog events were experienced by the cities of los angeles and donora, pennsylvania in the late 1940s, serving as another public reminder.
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