下面小编为大家整理了托福阅读细节题分析，本文共5篇，欢迎阅读与借鉴!
篇1：托福阅读细节题分析
托福阅读细节题：最能摸清你阅读基础的一类题
先给大家普及一下细节题的解题步骤：
1. 读题干，找出题干中的关键信息(就是题干提问的关键词)
2. 到文章中寻找关键信息对应的句子
3. 选择一个关键信息对应句子的同义改写选项
我们来看一道例题：
T17-1 Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia
Paragraph 3: ……Even if they hugged theAfrican coastline, they had little chance of surviving a crossing of the IndianOcean Shortly after 1400. Shipbuilders began developing a new type of vesselproperly designed to operate in rough, open water: the caravel. It had a widerand deeper hull than the galley and hence could carry more cargo: increasedstability made it possible to add multiple masts and sails. In the largestcaravels, two main masts held large square sails that provided the bulk of thethrust driving the ship forward, while a smaller forward mast held atriangular-shaped sail, called a lateen sail, which could be moved into avariety of positions to maneuver the ship.
8. According to paragraph 3, what did thelateen sail contribute to the caravel as a sailing ship?
○It provided stability for the front partof the ship.
○It made it possible for the hull to bewider and deeper.
○It added considerably to the speed of thewind-driven ship.
○It improved the capacity of the ship to beguided.
这道题题干中的关键词是lateen sail. 带着它回文中找到相关信息：while a smaller forward mast held a triangular-shaped sail, called alateen sail, which could be moved into a variety of positions to maneuver the ship.这个句子比较长而且还出现了定语从句，开头还有一个托福阅读常考的词while，并不是一下子就可以顺译出来的，如果考托er们读不懂这个句子，大概会有如下两种情况：
第一种，如果TOEFLer们在这个句子中发现百分之五十以上的单词都不认识，那么同学们得赶紧回去背诵高中词汇，后期的学习计划就应该着重在大量时间花在单词背诵计划的制定上：高中词汇结束后再紧跟着背诵四级和托福词汇。而且TOEFLer再做题目的时候就不能一味地想要学习解题技巧，而应该着重基础的提升，无论是单词还是长难句。英文阅读和中文阅读一样，没有单词量的阅读就好像文盲读报纸，只能靠脑洞。
第二种，如果发现单词基本没问题，但是连which这个从句都不知道起什么作用，那么句法部分应该还有很大欠缺，尤其是从句部分知识。这种情况经常会出现在大学生群体中，他们的单词量经过四六级的洗礼已经比较拿的出手了，但是对于句法反倒没有高中生掌握的好，甚至遗忘比较严重，以至于读句子的时候多是把单词的意思往一起拼凑。这种学生通常会在做题时在迷惑性选项中一再栽跟头，因为无论原文还是选项他都是读得似懂非懂，就无法保证做题的正确率了。
综上所述，细节题是一种看起来简单实际上很考察阅读基本功的题型，通过一道细节题就可以考察出自己的问题在哪里，以及以后学习中需要加以注意的地方。各位TOEFLer平时在做题的时候也要多加以总结和思考哦。
托福阅读长难句：英国电视广告
The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for “misleadingness”—creating a wrong impression either intentionally orunintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy. (TPO14, 52)
我是分界线，大家先测试一遍速读是否理解
The Independent Television Commission, (regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom), has criticized advertisers for “misleadingness”(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)(in an effort)(to control advertisers' use of techniques)(that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.)
分析：
修饰一：(regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom) ，同位语
中文：英国电视广告的管理者
修饰二：(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)，破折号和非谓语动词
中文：他们有意或无意营造了一个错误的印象
修饰三：(in an effort) ，介词短语
中文：努力
修饰四：(to control advertisers' use oftechniques)，非谓语动词
中文：控制广告商对技术的使用
修饰五：(that make it difficult forchildren to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.) ，从句，修饰techniques
中文：这些技术使孩子很难去判断玩具的真实大小、动作、性能以及构造
参考翻译：
英国电视广告的管理者即独立电视委员会批评广告商的“误导”(他们有意或无意营造了一个错误的印象)，他们努力控制广告商对技术的使用，这些技术使孩子很难去判断玩具的真实大小、动作、性能以及构造。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、非谓语动词、同位语、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
托福阅读长难句：逆流交换系统
In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. (TPO15, 55)
(In a countercurrent exchange system), the blood vessels (carrying cooled blood from the flippers) run close enough to the blood vessels (carrying warm blood from the body) (to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels); thus, the heat is transferred (from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels) (before it reaches the flipper itself). (TPO15, 55)
分析：
修饰一：(In a countercurrent exchange system)，介词短语
中文：在逆流交换系统中
修饰二：(carrying cooled blood from the flippers)，非谓语动词，修饰the blood vessels
中文：携带来自鳍部的冷血
修饰三：(carrying warm blood from the body) ，非谓语动词，修饰the blood vessels
中文：携带来自身体的温血
修饰四：(to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels) ，非谓语动词
中文：以便从带有温血的血管中获取热量
修饰五：(from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels) ，介词短语
中文：由流出的血管到流进的血管
修饰六：(before it reaches the flipper itself)，从句
中文：在到达鳍部前
参考翻译：
在逆流交换系统中，携带来自鳍部的冷血的血管非常接近携带来自身体的温血的血管以便从带有温血的血管中获取热量;因此，在到达鳍部前，热量通过由流出的血管到流进的血管完成了热量转移。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、非谓语动词、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
篇2：托福阅读细节题3条提升正确率解题思路分析
1、把题干中关键词提取再定位原文段落中关键词所在的全部句子. 阅读定位句理解。对题干中的关键词及短语进行分析。关键词包含题干里出现的人名、地名、物名、年代与句子中的核心名词。
2、阅读定位句理解。提取题干里关键词定位原文段落里所在关键词的全部句子。而后阅读定位句理解。同时还带着关键词返回到原文里做定位。
3、正确选项是正确定位句的同义转述又或是同义改写或同义转述，简述。一定要在意思上与语言逻辑结构上真正的与定位句符合。但是很多正确选项一般都体现出概括，抽象，表达含蓄等等特点;又或是从另一个逻辑层面对此问题进行描述。
托福阅读细节题常见错误选项特征介绍
1、这一选项的所有或者局部出现了这一段落根本就并未牵涉的信息，概念，特有名词等等。
2、原文定位句并未有比较级，最高级一类出现的语言现象，但是选项中却有了这种无端的比较出现。
3、选项中有了定位句范围以外的信息出现，虽然这些信息在本段落中的确已经被完全提及。
4、选项里有的形容词又或者副词起到了加重语气从而使选项的叙述程度甚至方向发生了改变脱离原文语言风格叙述。
托福阅读小结题解题思路技巧整理 2个步骤搞定难点题型
托福阅读小结题解题思路步骤：最快速度理出文章构架
第一步就是要在最快的速度内理出文章构架：即在做所有题之前先快速跳读一遍文章。通读文章的时候只需要读每段的首句、末句和转折句。一般抓住了首尾句和转折句就抓住了一段的主旨。如果在阅读中出现了转折，也就是说后面说的事情和之前讲的不一样，也就是说文章的意思有两层，转折句就是第二层意思的概括。
同学在进行托福阅读的时候做笔记是非常有必要的，看似在浪费时间，实则节省时间，将重点语句划分出来，在解答时会一目了然。托福阅读中的文章架构都是很清晰，一般我们看段首尾句和转折句就可以抓住文段的中心。
托福阅读小结题解题思路步骤：学会准确判断题目选项
第二步判断选项，做文章小结题。我们要谨记选出来的选项是要能概括文章大意的，所以一些细节性的，和文章表述相矛盾的，或者是文章中未提及的选项都可以借助排除法进行选择。
很多同学在进行托福阅读中分辨不出那些是文章没提及的，那些是跟文章相违背的，其实这都是关于细节性的考察，我们之前做的题目就是积累细节的过程，因为主旨不可能只提一次，而且在不显眼的地方出现的，借助我们的笔记，总结出各段的大意，那样就能很容易判断出那些是段落主旨大意那些是细节性或者无关的信息。
托福备考之教你秒杀新托福阅读指代题
考试特点
总结起来指代题有以下三个特点：
1、问题除了常规代词(it/they/them/these)外，还有which, this等语法指代;
Which是定语从句或者非限制定语从句的关系指代词，此外新托福阅读真题出现过this + problem/view等非常规语法指代题。
2、代词所指必须是前面提到过的词;
代词指代在英语里面可分为前指和后指，在新托福阅读考试里面只考前指，也就是指代前文提到过的事物。
3、答案可以是词、短语或者前面谈到的一件事情;
新托福阅读指代题突破我们常规的指代概念，不局限于指代单个词，它可以是短语，甚至是完整的一句话。
问题形式：The word “X” in the passage refers to……
考试内容
托福阅读常考查的代词包括：they, them, it, this, these, which, others, some, none, this + n等。
首先同学们要掌握这些词本身的意思，考查的内容虽然是指代，只有了解这些代词本身的意思，才能在此基础上推导出来该词的同义词。
1. They:数代词，既可以指代有生命的东西，也可以指代无生命的东西。
eg: My father and mother are here. They visit every week.
Take your books, they might be useful.
2. Them: they的宾格，同样即可以指代有生命的东西，也可以指代无生命的东西。
eg: My father and brother are playing basketball, I bought drinks for them.
Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
3. It: 指代单数名词，可以指代无生命的东西，也可以指代有生命的东西(指代动物)，一般是特指(the + n); 此外还可以指代前面所说的整件事情。
eg: I pick up the plate and put it on the table.
Where is the mouse? The cat ate it.
He said he can swim across that big river, but I don’t believe it.
4. This: 可以指代前面说的事物(单数可数名词或者不可数名词)、动作、过程等，通常是指代离它最近的东西。在托福阅读里面通常用作限定词，形式：this + n
eg: Many millions of years after ferns evolved (but long before the Hawaiian Island were born from the sea), another kind of flora evolved on Earth: the seed-bearing plants. This was a wonderful biological invention.
This根据词本身的意思，是指离它最近的事物，所以答案是the development of plants that produce seeds
5. These: this的复数形式，指代复数名词，其它用法同this一样
eg: They carried on their farm operations with mules and they had no surplus of these, seldom more than four.
6. Which:(非限制)定语从句中的关系代词，指代前面的先行词，先行词可以是单个名词、短语或者一个句子
eg: He has a book which is written by Hemingway.
He likes reading books, which is a good habit.
She said she’d been waiting for an hour, which was true.
7. 不定代词：托福阅读常考不定代词有both, some, other, and none etc. 不定代词，用在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
eg: Some of his stories were quite amusing.(主语)
They are both doctors.(表语)
These trousers are wet—I’ll change into my other ones.(定语)
She had none of her mother’s beauty.(宾语)
所以不定代词在新托福阅读里面的指代，要具体看不定代词在句子中所充当的语法成分。
解题方法
做对指代题要考虑三个因素：指代词本身的意思、句与句之间的语义关系和句子的结构(语法)。指代词本身意思是基础，语义关系和句子结构都是以指代词本身意思为基础的，我们已经分析了各类指代词的意思，所以这里我们会着重以句子语义和句子结构为出发点，并把指代词的意思嵌入到语义和句子结构分析中。
1
语义关系
语义关系要求所指代词带入句子中要符合句子意思。
Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.
The word they in the passage refers to
a.applied-art objects
b.the laws of physics
c.containers
d.the sides of pots
托福指代题的考试特点是必须指代前面提到过的词，所以可以排除c和d两个选项。剩下a和b选项代入句子，原文译为：因为物理原理，而不是任意想法，决定了应用艺术品的普遍形式，应用艺术品/物理原理需要遵守基本的模式，这样它们的功能形式才不会相差太远。根据句子意思，应该是应用艺术品需要遵守基本的模式，而不是物理原理，所以我们可以推断出来答案是a。
1
句子结构
大部分同学在做指代题时感觉词汇太难，很难从语义上去推导出来正确答案，那么我们可以从句子结构分析入手。
The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours.
The word they in the passage refers to
a.qualities
b.fins
c.grooves
d.depressions
They在句子中作主语，so that表递进，前后主语应该一致，所以答案是b。
表递进逻辑的关系词还有such that。
表转折逻辑的关系词：however, yet, while and whereas etc.
表让步的逻辑关系词：though, even if/though, despite and in spite of etc.
表条件的逻辑关系词：if, when and unless etc.
表原因的逻辑关系词：because, because of, therefore, so, hence, thus and since etc.
总结
有些情况我们需要结合这三种因素来综合考虑指代题。
通过以上分析我们可以知道，有的指代题可以从语义上去分析，有的指代题可以以句子结构为出发点，无论是哪种方法都是以代词本身的意思为基础的，此外，每一种方法都有各自的优点。在做题时，同学们要善于把这三种方法结合起来使用，以达到在最短时间内做对此类题型。
词汇量和托福阅读分数成正比?
托福阅读应该如何备考呢?先来看看传统的托福阅读的备考方式
1、通过模拟测试训练
要求自己在20分钟之内完成一篇文章。期间排除环境干扰，一切都模拟真实考试环境，目的是为了在考试前对真实考试的压力和精力需求有直接的体验。
2、错题总结回顾
做完题之后还要对题目进行剖析，错误选项为什么错，正确选项为什么对。在这个环节要注意分析自己喜欢错哪个类型的题目，并进行总结。同时，把错题和错题所对应的段落复制到错题文档中。
3、深度分析文章
这是真正能够提高阅读能力的环节。回到原文之中，逐句逐词读文章，遇到每一个自己不认识的单词都查一下，并且结合文章内容，把它背诵下来。每个意思不确定的词组，也要通过一切手段搞懂。在单词和词组的基础之上，搞懂文章每一句话的意思、每个段落的内部逻辑、段落之间的关系和文章的构成。
托福作为一个标准化的考试，它的考点以及文章构造的方式总是固定的。而逻辑的展开方式，无非也就是因果、并列、递进、转折、让步那么几种。我们需要做的无非是多遍熟悉文章的写作和构建方式，之后在考试中，看到一个段落能够对段落的构建方式有准确的预判和把握。这是提高对篇章把握能力的有效方法。
4、对照译文重新阅读
这个步骤无非是一边读英文，一边核对中文，看看自己对于每一句话的理解是否得当。因为我们保不准会出现这样的情况：一开始以为自己读懂了，其实却是一个错误的理解。这种情况比完全没读懂还要可怕，因为它把问题隐藏了。
如果这些方法你使用过，并且你的词汇量很大，但是只是不出分，那么你应该看看下面的分析和建议：
当你有了丰富词汇的基础，就要开始着手进行“输入”的过程了。输入的方式很多，有跳读、指读、唇读、默读、寻读、研读等等。而我们在输入信息的时候，也不会仅仅拘泥于其中的一种阅读方式，更多情况之下，是结合了其中的多个来进行的。
比如通过跳读把握文章的中心意思、段落结构、作者态度;通过寻读找到关键信息;通过研读解决对应的题目。不管运用怎样的方式，最终的目的是要记住、并正确理解文章内容及其隐含的意义。所以，想要提高“阅读速度”，真正要锻炼的是“理解能力”。
先来说一下“记住”，这似乎又回到“词汇”的部分了。篇章的记忆可以借鉴词汇的记忆方法，比如图像、联想等。另外，“记笔记”也是帮助记忆篇章的好办法。把一些重要的信息、关键的词、甚至文章的结构用笔纸记录下来，不但可以协助记忆，还以为把握文章的中心和逻辑框架，从而更好地理解文章。由此可见，“记住”和“理解”是分不开的。理解了才能记住，记住了才能从更大的角度去理解。
那么要如何提高理解能力呢?
其一，我们在读句子的时候，要注意理清句子成分和结构，要知道各成分的意思以及它们之间的逻辑关系，要能够正确把握这些成分组合起来所表达的意思。一个句子可以多读上几遍，通过重复的练习，达到能够正确“拆解”和“重组”句子的目的。
其二，对于篇章而言，也是一个反复的过程，但是和句子的训练有些不同。先准备一篇合适的文章，掐时间阅读，要求自己在规定的时间之内尽可能多地摄取信息。然后在同样的时间之内，将这篇文章再读一遍， 那么第二遍摄取到的信息必然比第一遍多， 接着反复进行几次。
在这样的过程当中，眼睛是在迅速掠过已知的信息，去寻求新的信息点，其实就是在进行快速阅读。它不是真正强调视线的转移，而是在浏览全篇的同时，怎样去获得更多的新信息，更快、更准地把握整个语篇的主旨。
所以，“抓住句子逻辑关系练习”和“反复快速阅读练习”是真正提高理解能力的两大法宝。
篇3：托福阅读细节题4种常见出题情况和应对思路逐一盘点分析
托福阅读中的细节题基本解题思路是根据题目给出的信息返回原文中找到对应的位置进行核对确认，然后选出正确的答案，这个解题流程中对考生的思维能力要求似乎是比较低的，但即便如此，细节题本身不同的出题情况还是可能导致不同的解题结果，因此细节题的各种出题情况考生还是需要掌握各自的应对思路才行。
托福阅读细节题出题情况盘点介绍
那么，托福阅读细节题的出题情况有哪几种呢?小编为大家详细介绍：
1. 直接对应特定词汇
这种应该是大家最容易看到的一种细节题出题情况，当然其解答难度也是最低的。这种情况是题目中包含了某个特定词汇，而在原文中考生也可以找到完全一样的词汇。这种情况大家往往可以直接进行选择，而不需要再浪费时间去文章其它段落里做进一步核对查找。
2. 寻找定位句解题
这种情况与第一种情况类似，但并非特定词汇的直接对应，而是句子的对应。也就是题目或是选项中的某个句子整体或是其中一部分能够在原文中找到相同或者相似的对应内容。这种情况想要返回原文中查找需要考生从定位句入手才会比较容易找到，而且有时候涉及到的不只是原句本身，还有其前后上下文的相关内容，当然只要大家能够顺利找到原句所在，想要解答细节题难度也并不会太高。
3. 多选项分散对应
这种情况就属于细节题中比较麻烦的一类出题情况了。具体来说，一道题目四个选项，可能对应的并非单个细节，而是各个细节分散在文章的不同位置。这种细节题如今在托福阅读考试中并不常见，但也偶尔会出现，一旦遇到考生在解题时就需要花费更多时间精力来把这些细节逐个找到对应位置之后再进行一一排除。比较高效率的做法是先根据提问内容找到问题大致对应的位置，然后再直接从这个位置所在段落进行查找排除，这样一些干扰无关选项可以比较快速地被排查出来，节省一定的解题时间。
4. paraphrase对应
这种情况应该算是细节题的终极形态了，也就是大家无法直接根据题目内容在原文中找到相同或者相近的对应部分。这种情况一般是因为出题时故意进行了paraphrase，也就是把原始细节换一种方式说出来，而且变更幅度比较大，虽然保持了基本意思的相同，但从用词和句子上面已经看不出原来的模样了。这就要求大家本身首先要充分理解题目提问的具体内容，同时拥有一定的同近义词知识储备，结合两者才能比较好的解答这道细节题。当然这种高难度的细节题考生很少会遇到，纵观整个官方真题Official中这样的题目数量也不会太多，但大家还是需要了解做题思路，避免临时遭遇被打个措手不及。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The surge often progresses along a glacier like a great wave, proceeding from one section to another. Subglacial streams of meltwater might act as a lubricant, allowing the glacier to flow rapidly toward the sea. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill. Surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. However, many of these glaciers exist in the same area as normal glaciers, often almost side by side.
Some 800 years ago, Alaska's Hubbard Glacier advanced toward the sea, retreated, and advanced again 500 years later. Since 1895, this seventy-mile-long river of ice has been flowing steadily toward the Gulf of Alaska at a rate of approximately 200 feet per year. In June 1986, however, the glacier surged ahead as much as 47 feet a day. Meanwhile, a western tributary, called Valerie Glacier, advanced up to 112 feet a day. Hubbard's surge closed off Russell Fiord with a formidable ice dam, some 2,500 feet wide and up to 800 feet high, whose caged waters threatened the town of Yakutat to the south.
About 20 similar glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska are heading toward the sea. If enough surge glaciers reach the ocean and raise sea levels, west Antarctic ice shelves could rise off the seafloor and become adrift. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The additional sea ice floating toward the tropics would increase Earth's albedo and lower global temperatures, perhaps enough to initiate a new ice age. This situation appears to have occurred at the end of the last warm interglacial (the time between glacations), called the Sangamon, when sea ice cooled the ocean dramatically, spawning the beginning of the Ice Age.
1. What is the main topic of the passage ?
(A) The classification of different types of surge glaciers
(B) The causes and consequences of surge glaciers
(C) The definition of a surge glacier
(D) The history of a particular surge glacier
2. The word intervals in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) records
(B) speeds
(C) distances
(D) periods
3. The author compares the surging motion of a surge glacier to the movement of a
(A) fish
(B) wave
(C) machine
(D) boat
4. Which of the following does the author mention as a possible cause of surging glaciers?
(A) The decline in sea levels
(B) The occurrence of unusually large ocean waves
(C) The shifting Antarctic ice shelves
(D) The pressure of meltwater underneath the glacier
5. The word freeing in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) pushing
(B) releasing
(C) strengthening
(D) draining
6. According to the passage , the Hubbard Glacier
(A) moves more often than the Valerie Glacier
(B) began movement toward the sea in 1895
(C) is 800 feet wide
(D) has moved as fast as 47 feet per day
7. Yakutat is the name of
(A) an Alaskan town
(B) the last ice age
(C) a surge glacier
(D) an Antarctic ice shelf
8. The word plunge in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) drop
(B) extend
(C) melt
(D) drift
9. The term vicious cycle in line 24 refers to the
(A) movement pattern of surge glaciers
(B) effect surge glaciers could have on the temperature of tropical areas
(C) effect that repeated rising sea levels might have on glacial ice
(D) constant threat surge glaciers could pose to the Gulf of Alaska
10. The author provides a definition for which of the following terms?
(A) tributary (line 15)
(B) ice dam (line 16)
(C) albedo (line 25)
(D) interglacial(line 26)
11. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?
(A) The movement of surge glaciers can be prevented.
(B) The next ice age could be caused by surge glaciers.
(C) Surge glaciers help to support Antarctic ice shelves.
(D) Normal glaciers have little effect on Earth's climate.
PASSAGE 38 BDBDB DAACD B
托福阅读真题原题+题目
The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world.
In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed the catch. Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children. The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular importance for the native tool kit before the introduction of metal was the wide knife made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells.
The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter. They sun-dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually. Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat, and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils.
After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips. The woman also made a cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by burying it in wooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree leaves.
1. Which aspect of the lives of the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast does the passage
mainly discuss?
(A) Methods of food preservation
(B) How diet was restricted by the environment
(C) The contributions of women to the food supply
(D) Difficulties in establishing successful farms
2. The word unique in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) comprehensible
(B) productive
(C) intentional
(D) particular
3. The word attained in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) achieved
(B) modified
(C) demanded
(D) spread
4. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the social organization of many agricultural peoples is
(A) more complex than that of hunters and foragers
(B) less efficient than that of hunters and foragers
(C) more widespread than that of hunters and foragers
(D) better documented than that of hunters and foragers
5. According to the passage , what is true of the division of labor mentioned in line 5?
(A) It was first developed by Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast.
(B) It rarely existed among hunting
(C) It was a structure that the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast shared with many
other peoples.
(D) It provided a form of social organization that was found mainly among coastal peoples.
6. The word abundant in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) prosperous
(B) plentiful
(C) acceptable
(D) fundamental
7. All of the following are true of the north Pacific coast women EXCEPT that they
(A) were more likely to catch shellfish than other kinds of fish
(B) contributed more materials for tool making than the men did
(C) sometimes searched for food far inland from the coast
(D) prepared and preserved the fish
8. The word They in line 16 refers to
(A) women
(B) tools
(C) mammals
(D) men
9. The Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast used smokehouses in order to
(A) store utensils used in food preparation
(B) prevent fish and shellfish from spoiling
(C) have a place to store fish and shellfish
(D) prepare elaborate meals
10. The wore peculiar in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) strange
(B) distinctive
(C) appealing
(D) biological
11. All of following are true of the cheese-like substance mentioned in paragraph 4 EXCEPT that it
was
(A) made from fish
(B) not actually cheese
(C) useful on long journeys
(D) made in a short period of time
PASSAGE 39 CDAAC BCABB D
篇4：托福阅读：细节题如何做
托福阅读：细节题如何做?
托福考试中考生最爱轻视的就是托福阅读，原因是绝大部分考生感觉阅读是强项，对于强项不用过多的重视，然而这种认知不一定准确。通过很多例子我们发现到不少抱有这样想法这样的考生，自认新托福阅读不错的，实际考出来的分数只有22分左右，甚至会更低。那么我们解决这种窘境呢?
ETS对阅读高水平(High level)的评定标准是22—30分。而事实上，阅读如果达不到25分以上，总分想要过百会比较困难，因为这相当于把挣分的压力转移到了大部分人比较弱的听力、口语、写作上面。由此可见，阅读取得高分对于获得百分以上的托福成绩是一种保证!
托福阅读中的细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，比如下面这个例题：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子：
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?
A. They occur at the end of a succession.
B. They last longer than any other type of community.
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.
这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。
否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项，D项的意思与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是C。综上所述，做新托福阅读的细节题，最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位。
托福词汇积累之游泳类词汇
back stroke 仰泳
side stroke 侧泳
butterfly stroke 蝶泳
dolphin butterfly stroke 海豚式蝶泳
treading water 踩水
underwater swimming 潜泳
swimming pool with artificial waves 人工海浪泳池
artificial waves 人工海浪
swimming trunks 泳裤
swimsuit, swimming suit 泳衣
swimming cap 泳帽
bikini 比基尼泳衣
surfing 冲浪
surfboard 冲浪板
water ski 滑水橇
swimming pool 游泳池
changing room 更衣室
shower 淋浴
diving platform 跳台
ten-meter platform 10米跳台
five-meter platform 5米跳台
three-meter springboard 3米跳板
one-meter springboard 1米跳板
diving pool 跳水池
non-swimmer's pool 浅水池
swimmer's pool 深水池
starting block 出发台
starting dive 出发起跳
rope with cork floats 水线
swimming lane 泳道
touching the finishing line 终点触线
timekeeper 计时员
lifesaver, lifeguard 救生员
land drill 陆上练习
breaststroke 蛙泳
crawl stroke 爬泳
托福词汇积累之球类运动词汇
centre kick 中线发球
goal kick 球门发球
throw in, line-out 边线发球
to score a goal 射门得分
to convert a try 对方球门线后触地得分
batsman 板球运动员
batter 击球运动员
men's singles 单打运动员
in the mixed doubles 混合双打
football 足球
rugby 橄榄球
basketball 篮球
volleyball 排球
tennis 网球
baseball 垒球
handball 手球
hockey 曲棍球
golf 高尔夫球
cricket 板球
ice hockey 冰球
goalkeeper 球门员
托福词汇积累之肢体相关词汇
forehead额头;
temple太阳穴;
cheek脸颊;
nose鼻子;
mouth嘴;
lip嘴唇;
throat喉咙;
tooth牙齿;
tongue舌头;
neck脖子;
brain脑;
navel肚脐;
abdomen腹部;
shoulder肩;
waist腰部;
thigh大腿;
lung肺;
stomach胃;
elbow肘;
calf小腿肚;
toe脚趾;
sole脚底
篇5：托福阅读细节题要注意什么呢
托福阅读细节题要注意什么呢?
有很多对自己的阅读能力有信心的同学都遇到过这样的局面，明明看懂了文章却还是有很多题会做错。其实这并不是同学们的阅读能力的问题，而是不小心踏入了托福阅读的陷阱中了。
那么我们怎样才能跳出托福阅读题中的陷阱，在原阅读成绩的基础上再提升一个阶段呢?以托福阅读题型中的细节题为例，帮大家分析一下怎么才能不中出题者的圈套。
托福阅读中的细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，比如下面这个例题：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择“Puget Sound”作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是“White-tailed Deer”，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C 都与定位句信息无关。
所以说在做托福阅读部分时，应该快慢相结合，即例子句，修饰句等可以略读，文章首段、每段首尾句等都要精读，尤其是问题，一定要确保每个单词都读到，这样才能从总体上把握出题人到底问什么，才不会掉入出题人提前设置好的误区圈套中。教育提醒同学们在复习阅读过程中也可以自己总结每类题的答题技巧，出题人的出题方向，哪些地方可能会设置误区等，从出题人的角度来看问题，就能避免很多不必要的错误。
可以看出即使是这种托福阅读题型也是有应对方法的，大家要多思考多分析，发现托福阅读题中的规律，这样在以后大家解答托福阅读的时候才能更有效率。
托福听力练习对照文本
Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines.
从报纸离开，我们现在集中在杂志上。
Now, the first magazine was a little periodical called The Review, and it was started in London in 1704.
好，第一个杂志是一个小期刊，叫做The Review，它于1704年始于伦敦。
It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its content, it was much different.
它看起来很像当时的杂志，但是从它的内容方面(来看)，它有很大不同。
Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events, but The Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government.
报纸所涉及的主要是新闻事件，但是The Review集中在当日重要的国内议题和政府的政策上。
Now, in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king.
好吧，在那个时期的英国，人们仍然会因为发表对国王不满的文章而被扔进监狱。
And that's what happened to Daniel Defoe.
这事儿就发生在了Daniel Defoe身上。
He was the outspoken founder of The Review.
他是The Review的直言不讳的创始人。
Defoe actually wrote the first issue of The Review from prison!
事实上Defoe写的The Review第一个议题就来自监狱。
You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king.
你看，他被逮捕是因为他的批评英国国教的政策的文章，那是由国王领导的。
After his release, Defoe continued to produce The Review, and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week.
获释之后，Defoe继续创作The Review，并且该杂志开始在一个更频繁的时间表上出现，大约一周三次。
It didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up.
其他杂志没多久也开始流行。
In 1709, a magazine called The Tatler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis, and philosophical essays.
在1709年，一个叫做The Tatler杂志开始出版。这个新杂志包含了一个新闻，诗歌，政治分析，和哲学短文。
托福听力练习对照文本
There's an art exhibition here on campus which ties in well with the discussions we're had about folk art.
校园这儿有一个艺术展览同我们讨论过的民间艺术结合的很好。
It's an exhibition of wildlife art calendars from about a hundred years ago.
这是来自大约一百年前的野生生物的艺术日历的一个展览。
Like most other folk art, the calendar pictures were not considered to be art in their own day.
像大多数其他民间艺术一样，日历的图画在他们自己的时代并没有被认为是艺术。
People just thought of them as a way of decorating a practical object.
人们仅仅把它们当做装饰一个实际的物体的方式。
In fact, the calendar pictures were originally printed as advertising for various companies that made hunting or fishing products, like guns or fishing rods.
事实上，日历图画本来是当做不同的公司制作的狩猎或钓鱼产品，比如枪或者鱼竿的广告来印刷的。
The calendars were handed out free to customers to thank them for their business.
这些日历是免费发给顾客的，为了他们(公司)的生意来感谢他们(顾客)。
Most people just hung the calendars on their walls where the pictures faded in the sun, and then tore the picture off the calendar as each month passed.
大多数人仅仅是把日历挂在他们的墙上，在那里图画会在阳光中褪色，然后当每个月过去时，把图画从日历上撕下来。
As a result, collectors today place a lot of value on calendars that are complete and in good condition.
结果，收藏家给那些完整并且情况良好的日历估定了很多的价值。
Even though the people who used the calendars didn't regard them as art, the original paintings the prints were made from were often of good quality.
虽然使用日历的人没有认为它们是艺术，被制成印刷品的原画通常是质量很好的。
In fact, many famous wildlife painters created calendar art at some point in their lives.
事实上，许多著名的野生生物画家在他们人生中的某一时刻创造了日历艺术。
To them, it was a way of getting their work reproduced and shown around.
对他们来说，这是一个让他们的作品复制并流传的方式。
One aspect of the exhibit that I find very interesting is the way these pictures reflect changing attitudes toward wildlife.
我发现这个展览非常有趣的一个方面是这些图画反映了对野生生物的态度的变化。
The pictures in the exhibit often portray the thrill and adventure of hunting rather than any particular concern for wildlife preservation.
展览中的图画经常描绘狩猎的刺激和冒险，而不是任何对野生生物保护的特殊的关心。
But most of today's wildlife art shows animals in their natural surroundings without any humans in the scene.
但是今天的大部分的野生生物艺术展现了动物在自然环境中没有任何人类的场景。
This modern wildlife art appeals to large numbers of nature lovers, even those who oppose the practice of hunting.
这种现代野生生物艺术吸引力大量的自然爱好者，甚至那些反对有狩猎习惯的(人)。
托福听力练习对照文本
As many of you already know, March is Women's History Month, so it's just a few weeks until the university begins its annual observance.
正如你们许多人已经知道的，三月是女性历史月，因此到大学开始它的年度庆祝就只有几周了。
The Women's Studies Program, in conjunction with the College Life Office, is pleased to announce that a full schedule of events is planned throughout March.
女性研究项目，连同大学生活办公室，很高兴地宣布，一个贯穿整个三月的满满的活动安排已经计划出来。
The opening activity will be a lecture by Dr. Linda Thompson, coordinator of the Women's Studies Program; she'll talk about the status of women on college campuses.
开幕活动将会是女性研究项目的协调员，Linda Thompson博士的一个演讲，她将谈论大学校园的妇女地位。
All students are invited to attend at eight p.m. on March first in the Student Center, Room 112.
所有学生都被邀请出席，在三月一日晚八点，学生中心，112房间。
On March fourth, the Student Center Café will offer a forum for women poets to read their works.
在三月四号，学生中心咖啡馆将会为女性诗人朗读她们的作品提供一个讨论会。
The English department's Kate Benson will read from her recently published poetry collection The Ways of a Woman.
英语系的Kate Benson将会朗读来自她近期出版的诗集：一个女人的道路。
Student poets will be encouraged to share their poems as well.
学生诗人也将被鼓励去分享她们的诗作。
Interested people should sign up at the Women's Studies Office.
有兴趣的人可以在女性研究办公室报名参加。
On the fifteenth, come out and hear Thomas Lane, author of the best-selling The Gender Connection, talk about male-female relationships.
在十五号，出来听听Thomas Lane，最畅销的《性别关系》的作者，谈论男女关系。
The talk will be held in the Student Center Auditorium at 7:30 p.m. with a reception to follow.
谈话将于晚上7:30在学生中心礼堂举行，之后会有招待会。
Lots of other events are being planned, including a show of the work of women artists, a panel discussion about women's legal issues, and more.
很多其他的活动在计划之中，包括一个女性艺术家的作品展示，一个关于女性法律问题的专题讨论会，以及更多的(活动)
Check the campus paper for times and places, or stay tuned to WRUC for further details.
时间和地点查查校报，或者持续收听WRUC(Wireless Radio of Union College)来(获取)进一步的细节。
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