以下是小编为大家整理的猪流感是如何传播的？中英文对照阅读，本文共8篇，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
篇1：猪流感是如何传播的？中英文对照阅读
How does swine flu spread?
Influenza viruses can be directly transmitted from pigs to people and from people to pigs. Human infection with flu viruses from pigs are most likely to occur when people are in close proximity to infected pigs, such as in pig barns and livestock exhibits housing pigs at fairs. Human-to-human transmission of swine flu can also occur. This is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu occurs in people, which is mainly person-to-person transmission through coughing or sneezing of people infected with the influenza virus. People may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.
篇2：猪流感是如何传播的？中英文对照阅读
流感病毒能够直接从猪传染到人，或者从人传染到猪。人被猪感染最常见的情形是人与受感染的猪有近距离接触，例如在猪圈里，或者在市场上展出的猪。人与人的猪流感传播也是可能的，它的传播方式被认为与季节性流感传播的方式一样，即主要通过病人的'咳嗽，打喷嚏的方式在人群之间传播。在接触含有病毒的物体之后再摸嘴巴或者摸鼻子也有可能感染病毒。
What do we know about human-to-human spread of swine flu?
In September 1988, a previously healthy 32-year-old pregnant woman was hospitalized for pneumonia and died 8 days later. A swine H1N1 flu virus was detected. Four days before getting sick, the patient visited a county fair swine exhibition where there was widespread influenza-like illness among the swine.
In follow-up studies, 76% of swine exhibitors tested had antibody evidence of swine flu infection but no serious illnesses were detected among this group. Additional studies suggest that one to three health care personnel who had contact with the patient developed mild influenza-like illnesses with antibody evidence of swine flu infection.
How can human infections with swine influenza be diagnosed?
To diagnose swine influenza A infection, a respiratory specimen would generally need to be collected within the first 4 to 5 days of illness (when an infected person is most likely to be shedding virus). However, some persons, especially children, may shed virus for 10 days or longer. Identification as a swine flu influenza A virus requires sending the specimen to CDC for laboratory testing.
What medications are available to treat swine flu infections in humans?
There are four different antiviral drugs that are licensed for use in the US for the treatment of influenza: amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir. While most swine influenza viruses have been susceptible to all four drugs, the most recent swine influenza viruses isolated from humans are resistant to amantadine and rimantadine. At this time, CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with swine influenza viruses.
我们知道多少关于人与人之间的猪流感传播？
在1988年9月，一个之前健康的32岁孕妇因为肺炎住院并于8天后不幸死亡，从她身上检测出了H1N1猪流感病毒。病人在发病的4天前去了一个乡镇市场，那里的猪普遍感染上了类似于流感的疾病。
在随后的调查中，市场上76%的猪农被检出有抗体，证明他们被猪流感感染过，但没有发现这群人感染了严重的疾病。接着，研究发现大约有1-3名与患者接触的医护人员患上了轻微的类似流感的疾病，抗体检测证实他们是感染上了猪流感。
How common is swine flu infection in humans?
In the past, CDC received reports of approximately one human swine influenza virus infection every one to two years in the U.S., but from December through February , 12 cases of human infection with swine influenza have been reported.
这种情况多吗？
在以往，CDC(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，美国疾病预防与控制中心)在美国平均每1-2年会收到大约1起人感染猪流感的报告，但从12月到2月出现了12例猪流感感染人的病例。
篇3：猪流感有生命危险吗？猪流感Q&A 中英文对照阅读
猪流感有生命危险吗？猪流感Q&A 中英文对照阅读
猪流感有生命危险吗？猪流感Q&A 中英文Q&A: Swine flu
What is swine flu?猪流感是什么
It is a contagious respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses. Pigs are hit by regular outbreaks. There are many different types of swine flu and the current cases involve the H1N1 strain of type A influenza virus.
How do humans catch it?
While people do not normally catch it, humans can contract the virus, usually if they have been in close contact with pigs. It is also possible for the constantly changing infection to spread from person to person, which has happened in the latest outbreak. Experts believe it spreads in the same way as seasonal flu - through coughing and sneezing.
What are the symptoms?猪流感的症状是什么？
The symptoms of swine influenza in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human seasonal influenza infection and include fever, fatigue, lack of appetite, coughing and sore throat. Some people with swine flu have also reported vomiting and diarrhoea.
What is the difference between swine flu, avian flu and the flu commonly seen in the UK during the winter?猪流感和禽流感的'区别，以及与冬天的流感区别？
Influenza viruses are commonly circulating in the human and animal environment, with different strains causing illness in humans, bird and pigs. Seasonal influenza is caused by viruses that are adapted to spread in humans. Humans have some natural immunity to the strains that are in common circulation, and this immunity can be boosted by immunisation with a vaccine. Avian influenza is caused by influenza viruses adapted for infection in birds. Similarly, swine influenza is caused by influenza viruses adapted for infection in pigs. These illnesses all cause the same respiratory symptoms in sufferers and can be passed between one another.
How dangerous is it?猪流感有多危险？
More than 80 people have died and thousands made ill, in Mexico in particular, although cases have also been reported in the US and New Zealand. However, testing has shown that the antiviral drugs oseltamavir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) appear to be effective against the human swine influenza H1N1 strain,
Why should we be worried about it?我们为什么要担心猪流感？
The World Health Organisation warned the outbreak had “pandemic potential” and countries were advised to step up surveillance and preparation in case the infection spreads rapidly. Flu viruses have the ability to change and mutate, making it difficult for drugs manufacturers to ensure effective vaccines are available. The new version of the H1N1 virus is a mix of different animal and human versions of the disease. Mixing can lead to the development of changed viruses to which humans have little immunity.
What is a pandemic?什么叫流行病？
If the flu spreads over a wide geographic area and affects a large proportion of the population it goes beyond an epidemic and becomes a pandemic. According to the Health Protection Agency, an influenza pandemic is defined as a new or novel influenza virus that spreads easily between humans. When new influenza viruses are introduced into the environment, humans do not have any natural immunity to protect against them. Therefore, there is a risk that that new influenza viruses could develop into a pandemic if the virus passes easily from human-to-human.
Will it spread to the UK?猪流感会传播到英国么？
It is too early to say whether the cases reported so far will lead to a larger outbreak, the HPA said. No cases have been reported in the UK although experts are monitoring the situation closely. Anyone who has recently returned from affected countries should consult a doctor if they notice flu-like symptoms.
What is being done in the UK to prevent the infection?英国目前怎样预防？
The HPA said it is working with the UK government to review the current incident and any threat it poses to UK public health. It advised people to follow general infection control practices and good hygiene to reduce transmission of all viruses. This includes covering their nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, disposing of dirty tissues promptly and carefully, washing hands frequently with soap and water and cleaning surfaces which are regularly touched.
篇4：口罩对阻止猪流感传播有帮助吗？中英文对照
口罩对阻止猪流感传播有帮助吗？中英文对照
Can masks help stop flu spread?口罩对阻止流感传播有帮助吗？By Nick Triggle Health reporter, BBC News 医疗卫生记者，BBC新闻
One of the abiding images of the swine flu outbreak is the pictures from Mexico of people wandering the streets wearing masks. 猪流感爆发后来自墨西哥一个常见的画面是人们戴着口罩在街上漫步。
And as the disease has spread from country to country, reports have emerged of people purchasing all sorts of products on the internet.当疫病向各国蔓延时，网络上也开始出现人们抢购各种防护用品的消息。
But while the scramble is understandable, experts are sceptical about just how useful they are. 但是，尽管这种抢购可以理解，专家们还是不能肯定这些用品的效用。
Professor John Oxford, a virologist at leading London hospital, The Barts and the London, said: “Really, there is very little evidence that masks actually offer much protection against flu.
来自伦敦最一流的医院The Barts and the London的病毒专家John Oxford教授说：“确实没有什么根据可以证实口罩对于防范流感能提供多少 实际的保护。”
”I think handing them out to the public as has happened in Mexico just destroys confidence.“
“我认为像墨西哥那样向公众发放口罩会摧毁了人们的信心。”
Health staff
It is these sorts of issues that has prompted officials from groups such as the World Health Organization and England\'s Health Protection Agency to steer clear of calling for them for general public use.
医护人员
这样一类问题让来自世卫组织和英国保健机构的官员们退避三舍，而不是为公共需求而呼吁。
While Mexico has handed them out to members of the public, most other countries, including the UK, are just reserving them for health staff. 尽管墨西哥向公众发放了口罩，但大多数国家包括英国仅限于向医护人员发放口罩。
Others, such as Belgium, have bought some for flu patients, while several, including Spain, have handed them out to passengers on planes returning from affected areas.
其他国家，如比利时给流感病人买了一些口罩，而有几个国家包括西班牙向疫区返回航班上的乘客发放口罩。
It is believed there are enough masks for half the NHS workforce, but officials are already in discussion with suppliers about ordering another 30m to help cope if a pandemic develops.
Health workers have been told to wear them, along with special gloves, if they are in contact with potential victims.
据信，口罩足够供应英国50%享受全民健康服务的人员，不过官员们已经在和供应商讨论增加订购3000万个口罩，以应对疫情的蔓延。
医护人员被告知如果与可能的患者接触，要戴口罩和专用手套。
“ The problem is that when someone sneezes they tend to take a mask off. I think masks give people a false sense of security ” Dr Ronald Cutler, of the University of London
“问题是有人打喷嚏时往往会摘下口罩。我认为口罩给人一种虚假的安全感，”伦敦大学的Ronald Cutler博士说。
Professor Oxford believes this approach is right.
”They are the people who will be most likely to be coming into contact with the virus and the ones who could be passing it on.“
The Department of Health has focused on getting what are known as respirator masks. These have filters, which stop a person breathing in some particles in the air.
They are much more effective than the standard surgical masks or dust masks that are sometimes used by builders.
However, none of the masks can stop 100% of the particles getting through and become less effective once they become moist.
Instead, they are better at stopping the virus getting out.
Oxford 教授认为戴口罩这种方法是正确的
“他们是最有可能接触病毒和传染病毒的人。”
卫生部重点准备那些带过滤装置的口罩，这种口罩的过滤器可以防止人吸入空气中的一些微粒。
它们比标准的'外科口罩或有时建筑工人使用的防尘口罩要有效得多。
不过，没有一种口罩能够百分之百地阻截空气中的微粒，一旦变湿，效用就要减弱。
相反，它们阻止病毒从体内逸出的作用更大。
Spread
Dr Ronald Cutler, deputy director of biomedical science at the University of London, said: ”If you sneeze with a mask the virus will be contained so from that point of view if everyone wore them it might stop the spread.
传播
伦敦大学生物医学系副主任Ronald Cutler博士说：“如果你戴着口罩打喷嚏，病毒就被阻截在口罩里，因此，从这一点看，任何人戴口罩都可以阻止病毒传播。
“Or you could get the people with flu wearing them, but by the time they are diagnosed it could be too late. “或许你可以让流感患者戴口罩，但是等他们已确认为流感时就已为时过迟。
”And the problem is that when someone sneezes they tend to take a mask off. I think masks give people a false sense of security. “问题是有人打喷嚏时往往会拉下口罩，我认为口罩给人以一种虚假的安全感。
“They are not bio-chemical suits. Masks are obviously just covering one part of the body so your hands and clothes could all have the virus on and when you take them off you will infect yourself.
“它们不是生化服。显然，口罩只是遮盖了身体的一部分，你的手和衣服可能都带有病毒，当你摘下口罩时，就会被自身携带的病毒传染。
”However, because people are wearing a mask they will think they are protected and may go into crowded areas. “可是，因为人们戴了口罩，所以认为自己已受到保护，就可能出入于人群聚焦区域。
“The best advice is to wash your hands and cover your mouth when sneezing.” “最好的办法是洗手，打喷嚏时用手捂住嘴。”
Glamorgan University expert Gail Lusardi agreed. （英国）格拉摩根郡大学专家Gail Lusardi同意这一点。
“Masks alone will not prevent spread of the influenza virus and basic hygiene measures like hand washing, safe use and disposal of tissues and cleaning of environmental surfaces are key to preventing infection transmission.”
She also said it was important they were correctly fitted - some of the more expensive respirator masks are molded to fit the face unlike standard masks that can be bought on the high street.
And she added: “A mask can be worn continuously for up to eight to 10 hours, but must be replaced if it is taken off at any stage.”
“仅仅是口罩不能防止流感病毒的传播，洗手、安全使用和处理纸巾、清洁周围环境是防范流感传播的关键。”
她也说佩戴尺寸合适的口罩很重要――一些比较贵的过滤式口罩是按照人的脸型制作的，不像在大街上就能买到的那些标准口罩。
她补充说：“一只口罩持续佩戴可以达8-10个小时，但是期间一旦摘下就必须更换。”
篇5：以色列建议猪流感改称墨西哥流感中英文对照阅读
以色列建议猪流感改称墨西哥流感中英文对照阅读
以色列建议猪流感改称墨西哥流感Flu scourge has a pig of a name for Jewish state
A man feeds pigs at a fair in Paris. It may be called swine flu around the world, but Israel has changed the term in order not to pronounce the name of the animal whose meat is banned by Judaism.
It may be called swine flu around the world, but a senior Israeli official on Monday changed the term in order not to pronounce the name of the animal whose meat is banned by Judaism.
“We will use the term Mexican flu in order not to have to pronounce the word swine,” said Deputy Health Minister Yakov Litzman of the ultra-religious United Torah Judaism party.
Eating pork is prohibited by Judaism, the religion practised by the majority of Israelis. Islam, adhered to by most of Israel's Arab minority, likewise bans the consumption of pork.
Israel has yet to confirm a case of the swine flu epidemic that is believed to have killed more than 100 people in Mexico and has spread to the United States and Europe.
A 26-year-old Israeli man who returned from Mexico last Friday has been hospitalised and authorities are waiting for test results to determine whether he has contracted the potentially deadly strain that the World Health Organisation has warned could reach pandemic proportions.
Another man who had recently returned from Mexico was quarantined on Monday after checking himself into a hospital in the centre of the country complaining of a sore throat, officials said.
The World Organisation for Animal Health said on Monday that the name swine flu is a misnomer as the deadly virus has origins among birds and humans as well as pigs.
可能全世界都称眼下的这场疾病为“猪流感”，但以色列一位高级官员于本周一改变了这一叫法以避免直呼“猪”名，因为以色列的犹太教禁食猪肉。
以色列卫生部副部长雅科夫?利兹曼说：“为了避讳‘猪’这个字眼，我们将使用‘墨西哥流感’这一说法”。雅科夫是极端虔诚的圣经犹太教联盟党成员。
多数以色列人信奉的犹太教禁食猪肉，而生活在以色列的大多数阿拉伯少数民族信奉的伊斯兰教也同样禁食猪肉。
目前以色列尚未确诊猪流感传染病例，据称猪流感已导致墨西哥一百多人死亡，并已蔓延至美国和欧洲。
上周五从墨西哥回国的一名26岁的以色列人已经住院，官方正在等待检查结果，以确定他是否感染了这种潜在致命性疾病，世界卫生组织提醒称这场疾病可能会大范围流行。
以色列有关官员称，另一名刚从墨西哥回国的.男子因咽喉疼痛住进了以色列中部的一家医院，之后他于本周一被隔离。
世界动物卫生组织于本周一称，“猪流感”的说法不够恰当，因为这种致命性病毒的源头不仅存在于猪体内，还存在于禽类和人体内。
篇6：如何诊断人感染了猪流感？中英文对照阅读
如何诊断人感染了猪流感？中英文
What other examples of swine flu outbreaks are there?
Probably the most well known is an outbreak of swine flu among soldiers in Fort Dix, New Jersey in 1976. The virus caused disease with x-ray evidence of pneumonia in at least 4 soldiers and 1 death; all of these patients had previously been healthy. The virus was transmitted to close contacts in a basic training environment, with limited transmission outside the basic training group. The virus is thought to have circulated for a month and disappeared. The source of the virus, the exact time of its introduction into Fort Dix, and factors limiting its spread and duration are unknown. The Fort Dix outbreak may have been caused by introduction of an animal virus into a stressed human population in close contact in crowded facilities during the winter. The swine influenza A virus collected from a Fort Dix soldier was named A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1).
Is the H1N1 swine flu virus the same as human H1N1 viruses?
No. The H1N1 swine flu viruses are antigenically very different from human H1N1 viruses and, therefore, vaccines for human seasonal flu would not provide protection from H1N1 swine flu viruses.
篇7：如何诊断人感染了猪流感？中英文对照阅读
如果需要诊断A型猪流感，一般需要收集病人最开始4-5天发病期的呼吸道标本，这段时间是病人最有可能传播病毒的时期。但对某些人(特别是儿童)可能在最开始的10天时间(或者更长)就开始传播病毒。如果需要确认A型猪流感病毒，需要将标本送至CDC进行实验室检验。
感染了猪流感的病人有何治疗措施？
现在有4种抗病毒药品被允许在美国治疗流感：金刚烷胺(amantadine)，金刚乙胺（rimantadine），奥塞米韦(oseltamivir)和扎那米韦(zanamivir)。这四种药品对大部分猪流感病毒都有效，但最近从人类分离出来的猪流感病毒对金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺有抗药性。因此，CDC建议使用奥塞米韦和扎那米韦来对猪流感病毒进行治疗和/或预防。
还有其他猪流感病毒爆发的例子吗？
最著名的例子也许是1976年新泽西州迪克斯堡(Fort Dix)在士兵中爆发的猪流感。X光证据证实至少有4名士兵因为猪流感病毒而感染肺炎，1名士兵死亡。所有这些病人之前都是健康的。病毒通过在同一个基本训练组的士兵之间的近距离接触进行传播，而在训练组之外的传播则比较少。该病毒在传播了一个月之后消失，而该病毒的来源，何时传入迪克斯堡，以及限制它传播和存活的因素为何仍然还是个谜。这次流感的爆发很可能是由动物病毒引起的，并且，高压力的人群之间的近距离接触，拥挤的'设施以及在冬季都是它爆发的原因。从福克斯堡士兵中提取的A型猪流感病毒被命名为A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1)。
H1N1猪流感病毒与H1N1人流感病毒是一样的吗？
不是。H1N1猪流感病毒在抗原上与人流感病毒非常不一样，因此，针对人类季节性流感的疫苗不会保护人免受H1N1猪流感病毒的侵袭。
篇8：猪流感警戒级别可能提升 中英文中英文对照
猪流感警戒级别可能提升 中英文中英文对照
Swine flu pandemic warning levels may rise, says WHO chief世界卫生组织（WHO）主任陈冯富珍于昨日表示，猪流感可能升至最高警戒级别。但是这位引领全球对抗猪流感的女士同时认为，虽然警戒级别升至六级，但人们不该因此恐慌。她对西班牙《国家报》说：“不管怎么说，六级并不意味着世界末日。我们得明白这一点，否则，六级警戒级别的公布会带来不必要的恐慌。”
The head of the World Health Organisation, Margaret Chan, yesterday suggested the swine flu pandemic alert would eventually move to its highest level.But the woman in charge of the global fight against the H1N1 outbreak said a move to level six should not be taken as a cause for panic.“Level six does not mean, in any way, that we are facing the end of the world. It is important to make this clear because [otherwise] when we announce level six it will cause unnecessary panic,” she told Spain's El País newspaper.
联合国以及世卫组织的官员随后坚称，没有立即提高警戒级别的计划。但他们一致认同，最终很可能会达到那个级别。Officials from the United Nations and the WHO later insisted that there were no imminent plans to raise the alert level. But they agreed that going to the highest level could be an eventuality.
六级警戒等级意味着疫情在全球人群中广泛传播。然而官员们强调说，全球疫情的传播并不一定是指该疾病会致命。
Raising the alert level to six would mean that a global pandemic was in full effect. However, the officials emphasised that a pandemic did not necessarily mean the disease was particularly deadly.
在一次与陈冯富珍的视屏连线中，她试图缓和人们的恐惧：“我们还没有到那个程度。”
And in a video link with the UN, Chan appeared to attempt to allay fears, adding: “We are not there yet.”
根据金融时报报道，陈冯富珍将猪流感疫情警戒级别提升至五级后，暗示了继续提升至六级的可能性。她警告说，如果第二波全球范围的.传播在冬季流感多发期时袭来，疫情的大爆发或许会真正开始。The Financial Times also reported that Chan, who recently raised the threat of a pandemic to level five, had suggested a move to level six was likely. She warned that the real blow might come if a second wave of cases swept across the globe at the start of the winter flu season.
她说：“如果真的发生了那种情况，这将是21世纪人类面临的最大一次疫情爆发。”
“If it's going to happen, it would be the biggest of all outbreaks the world has faced in the 21st century,” she said.
联合国秘书长潘基文说：“我们别忘了，即便WHO宣布六级警戒级别，这也仅仅说明了病毒的传播范围而非流行病的严重程度。”The UN secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, said: “Let us remember that even if the WHO does declare phase six, a pandemic, that would be a statement about the geographic spread of the virus, not its severity.”
西班牙依旧是出现猪流感病例最多的欧洲国家。截至昨天已报告了54个病例，包括四名在乡村感染的患者。疫情爆发加深了人们对本地旅游业的担忧。
Spain remains the European country with the most cases of swine flu. By yesterday there were 54 reported cases, including four people who were infected in the country. The outbreak has raised concerns over its potential impact on tourism.
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