下面是小编收集整理的如何理解英文报刊中新闻标题的时态,本文共2篇,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

篇1:如何理解英文报刊中新闻标题的时态
动词表示一种动态,新闻标题在浓缩新闻内容时,如能恰到好处地用上一个动词,就能增色不少,给人以形象生动、跃然纸上的感觉。如Attack hits US Financial sector,too.远比Attack in US Financial sector,too.具体而达意。标题中用了动词,固然好处不少,但也给我们阅读英文报刊增加了一个困难。
我们知道,英语中的动词有时态变化,在英语新闻标题中也不例外。但由于新闻标题必须言简意赅,不可能采用英语的完整时态形式来浓缩新闻事实。为此,新闻标题形成了自身独有的时态特点,以达到使动词既传神达意又具时间感的目的。英文报刊的新闻标题中一般不用过去时态,当然更不用过去完成时等时态,而采用现在时态,使读者阅报时有如置身于这条新闻事件中之感觉,这叫做“新闻现在时”(journalistic presenttense),与文学写作中的“历史现在时”(historical present tense)实际上完全一样。所以,英语新闻标题中常用的动词时态主要有三种:一般现在时、将来时和现在进行时。现分述如下:
1)一般现在时通常被用来表示过去发生的事。
通常情况下,报刊所载消息多为已发生过的事,按日常英语语法,标题中的动词应使用过去时态,但是这样容易给人产生一种陈旧感,似有“昨日黄花”之嫌,缺乏吸引力。为了弥补这一缺陷,英语新闻标题常用一般现在时从形式上来增强报道的新鲜感(freshness)、现实感(reality)和直接感(immediacy)。此外,标题构成形式采用动词的一般现在时还可省去动词过去式构成形式中常见的“ed”两个字母,节省标题词数。正因为一般现在时在英语新闻标题中的这一特殊用法,初读英语报纸的读者应特别注意这一现象,不要把它误以为是日常英语语法中的一般现在时,从而影响对全文内容的阅读与理解。例如:
Toxic mushroom kills 6 farmers.
(=Toxic mushroom killed 6 farmers.)
2)动词的将来时更多地直接采用动词不定式来表达。
英语新闻标题中动词将来时的表达形式除一般将来时“will +动词原形”外,更多的还是采用“连系动词be+动词不定式”结构,其中连系动词be通常省略,以节省标题词数。换言之,动词不定式在英语新闻标题中可直接表示未来动作,这是因为不定式标志“to”只由两个字母构成,比一般将来时中的“will”来得少,故频频见诸于英语报端。例如:
China to play a more important role in new century.
(=China is to play a more important role in the new century.)
Party to embrace nonpublic sector.
(=The Party will embrace the nonpublic sector.)
3)现在分词直接表示正在进行的动作或事件。
对于正在发生的事态或动作,英语新闻标题也按日常英语语法规则处理,采用现在进行时“be+现在分词”这一形式,但其中“be”又通常省略。因此,剩下的现在分词便在新闻标题中直接表示正在进行的动作或正在发展的事态。例如:
Pupils recovering from milk poisoning.
(=The pupils are recovering from milk poisoning.)
Sheer price cut not working well.
(=Sheer price cut is not working well.)
篇2:英文摘要中语态和时态的用法论文
英文摘要中语态和时态的用法论文
英文摘要的`字数大多数期刊规定不超过250个词,内容应与中文摘要对应。医学论文中,一般少用第一人称和主动语态,多用第三人称和被动语态,用以体现叙述客观事实。所用时态需与事情发生时间一致,叙述基本规律时可用现在时,叙述研究对象、方法和结果时,用过去时。举例如下。Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine whether an in hospital transportable CT scanner can provide diagnostic brain images and to compare the quality of these images with those from a convertional fixed? platform CT scanner.
Subjects and Methods:Twenty seven patients with known or suspected intracranial pathology underwent imaging on a transportable scanner and a fixed? platform scanner within 1hr of each other.Images from each CT examination were evaluated independently by two neuroradiologists who were unaware of patient history.Conspicuousness of intracranial pathology and normal anatomy were rated on a 5? point scale (1 point #39;optimal;5 points#39;poor or not visualized).Statistical comparisons were made using nonparametric tests.
Results:Seven CT scans were interpreted as showing normal findings and 20 scans revealed intracranial pathology on both CT scanners.Image quality was higher on the fixed scanner(average rating#39;2.42 points#39;SE=0.12)than on the transportable scanner(average rating#39;3.10 points#39;SE=0.12(p=0.001).Depiction of the cerebellum#39;midbrain#39;and supratentorial gray? white matter was better on the fixed scanner(p<0.05=。However#39;we found no significant differences in detection of intracranial pathology between scanners.Both radiologists found images from both scanners to bediagnostic in all 27 patients.
Conclusion:Images of the brain on the transportable CT scanner were less clear than those on a fixed scanner.However#39;images from the transportable CT scanner were diagnostic in 27 consecutivepatients.The implications of this finding are important for the provision of CT services for critically ill patients who cannot be transported to the radiology department.
上面是AJR(美国放射学杂志)中一段完整的英文摘要,从中可以看出其特点:①用词简练、准确;②时态为过去时;③不用第一人称,多用被动语态;④方法和结果中强调统计方法及数据。对母语非英语的作者来说,撰写英文摘要的质量好坏直接与作者的英文水平有关,在这方面,只有多阅读英文文献,才能提高英文写作水平,从而写出高质量的英文摘要。
★报刊标语
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