下面是小编整理的2月25日托福写作真题答案及解析，本文共10篇，希望能帮助到大家!
篇1：2月25日托福写作真题答案及解析
Basically, the professor in the lecture makes three statements regarding palm oil production, and these statements cast some serious doubt on the reading material which says that palm oil production should be expanded because it has positive consequences.
To begin with, the professor argues that although palm oil has higher efficiency compared with other oil and growing palm tree consumes less land than cultivating other crops, the expansion of palm oil production actually will lead to increasing deforestation. That is because as a very desirable oil, there’s growing demand for palm oil, which will make people destroy more wild land to grow palm trees. This directly challenges the first idea in the reading that encouraging the expansion of palm oil production will help preserve more wild forests.
Then, the author of the passage points out that the by-product of palm oil production, i.e. biodiesel, is an alternative energy source which causes less carbon when burning. However, this is not the case at all. It is true that burning biodiesel creates less carbon. Unfortunately, the growing of palm trees will need people to burn the forest first. While doing this, large amount of peats will be burned and this process creates more carbon than burning fossil fuels. Again, this contradicts what the reading passage says about the same issue.
Finally, the professor points out that growing more palm trees will not help farmers get rid of poverty. Because the owners of small farms will not have long control over palm tree growing. Large companies will take over all farmland for growing palm trees from farmers. In this case, farmers lose control of their land and get little return. Yet, the reading is of the opposite view that this move will help small-scale farmers get richer thereby improving their living standard.
独立
Do you agree or disagree: The way people dresses is a goodindication of his or her personality or character.
篇2：2月25日托福写作真题答案及解析
When we meet some new friends, we are always very anxious to know about them yet afraid of asking a lot of questions. In this case, we actually have other ways to know about their personality or character by some indirect methods. Apart from the books a person likes to read or the movies a person likes to watch, the way he or she dresses will tell us a lot about his or her personality and character.
First, the color of one’s dress can tell us about this person’s character. According to color science, especially color psychology, people’s color preference reflects parts of their characteristics. For example, people who are normally in black, white or grey suits have a steady touch in dealing with things. People who tend to wear bright-colored clothes are comparatively outgoing and have good ability to get along well with others. On the other hand, if a person always wears the same one or two colors, he or she might be more introversive; and a sociable person’s wardrobe may have all colors in.
Second, the style of one’s dresses is also a good indication of his or her personality. Take the teachers in my school as examples. My history teacher is very strict and never plays jokes with us. He always wears suit and leather shoes. My English teacher, who is very easy-going and intellective but never shares her private life with us, wears dresses in classic styles all year around. My art teacher is eloquent and has distinct opinions about things. She once expressed her counterview about our headmaster’s decision face to face with him. She now wears sport suit and sneakers like a student, then wears fashionable clothes and high heels like a super star. So, a person wears what kind of clothes tells us what kind of person he or she is to some degree.
Admittedly, we cannot fully rely on the way a person dresses to know about his or her personality or character. Sometimes, people’s taste in clothes changes as time goes by while their personality or character remains the same. Sometimes, they like many colors and styles, which makes it hard to conclude a certain type of their clothes. Anyway, we can still have some prediction about their personality or character according to the way they dress at that moment, then verify it by long-term interaction.
To conclude, we cannot deny that the way a person dresses is an indication of his or her personality or character. But, we should never jump to hasty conclusions about others’ personality and character merely by what they wear nor judge them by their dresses.
202月25日托福写作真题回顾资料
托福独立写作部分
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The way a person dresses is a good indication of his or her personality or character.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福写作真题分析：看到这道题目的同学内容是两种走向的，一种同学欣喜若狂，这就是我练过的啊!!!!另外一种同学捶胸顿足，见过没练过啊!!!!
面对ETS温柔地重复6月15日的考题，很多同学都有点措手不及，但这也确实表现了一种新的命题趋势。
outline：擒贼先擒王，抓住dress这个词来分析，着装可以反映什么呢。除了性格其实更直接的有很多因素，比如教育程度，文化，经济实力等等等等，那么很明显我选择不反应性格会比较好写。
那么我们来找几个分论点：
1. 一个人的着装受文化因素影响也同时反应了文化因素。东方西方的不同，宗教国家和普通国家的不同，南方北方的不同等等都表现了这一点。
2. 经济因素可以绝对服装那么当然也可以被反映出来。富人和穷人，发达地区和贫困地区等等。
3. 教育文化水平也是重要的一个因素。学者和白丁，白领和蓝领这些都可以通过着装反映出来。
托福综合写作部分
阅读 听力 总观点 因为棕榈树具有广泛应用用途，所以科学家强烈推荐扩大种植 总观点 盲目扩大必然会带来负面效果 分论点1 因为棕榈树的产油量高于其它农作物，所以需要的土地相对较少，可以避免过度砍伐森林 分论点1 种植棕榈树会进一步加剧森林的砍伐。 虽然棕榈树种植需要更少的面积但是其用途广泛。带来极大的经济效益势必会引起大面积砍伐森林种植棕榈 分论点2 将棕榈油用作生物柴油（biodiesel）可以减少碳排放。碳排放降低了，对缓解全球气候变化有积极的影响 分论点2 燃烧棕榈油制成的生物柴油会增加碳排放。农民需要先将土地上的植被烧掉来种植棕榈树，在烧的过程中，会燃烧一种泥煤这种东西中含有大量的碳，所以会产生更多的碳排放。 分论点3 生产棕榈油可以缓解贫困。大部分棕榈树都是由低收入的农民种植的。并且，棕榈树相比于其他农作物利润更高，所以可以提高这部分农民的生活水平。 分论点3 从长期来看，农民的收入不会提高。一开始，是农民生产棕榈树。到后来，大规模的公司会开始种植棕榈树并控制利润。
本文是年2月25日托福写作真题回顾资料，建议正在备考的同学们要将这些资料全面分析一下。
托福写作是不是字数越多越好？
托福写作字数越多分越高?关于这点，实在是众说纷纭。
“(独立写作)500字以上，26分稳!”
“我独立写作洋洋洒洒写了500，最后也没到25……”
“综合220，独立360，最后写作29，字数影响不大!”
首先，ETS官方给出的作文评分标准中并没有字数的明确要求：
托福独立写作5分原始分(最高分)要求
An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:
- Effectively addresses the topic and task
- Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplification, and/or details
- Displays unity, progression, and coherence
- Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors
但同时上述要求也写明了文章需要well developed，而充实完整的文章也往往需要一定量的字数支撑。
托福写作部分由人工评分和E-rater共同进行，取两者的加权平均分。据一位托福评分员在Quora上的回复来看，在评判一个考生的写作部分时，确实会首先注意到文章长度。但在最终打分时，落脚点是在文章中的细节、整个文章体现的语言水平上。
有的考生虽然写了很多字，但却没有说出任何实质内容，车轱辘话来回说，字数再多也无法取得高分。
而另一方面，通过具体的案例支持完整阐述一个论点都需要一定量的内容。字数少了，很难分析到位。这也是为什么官方建议大家字数不少于300字。
但并不排除有些驾驭语言能力较强的人能够用精炼的语句表达清楚。这时候300字也绝非一个硬性指标。在ETS的研究中心，取得高分的102篇文章中，最少的字数只有261个词。
所以说，对于大部分中国考生来说，并不是简单地“字数越多分越高”，但字数越多你确实越有可能进行充分的论述。字数的要求会逼迫你用事例来支持论点，逼迫你展开讨论。
但只解决了长度问题还不够，一篇文章的好坏除了内容是否写得充实外，还需要考虑内容的相关度、语言的质量以及语句之间的逻辑衔接等。
篇3：2月25日托福听力真题及答案解析
下面是2017年2月25日托福阅读真题及答案解析，大家试着做一下再对答案，祝你们考试顺利！
2017年2月25日托福听力真题及答案解析
C1 office hours 论文话题-雕塑主题
学生去找professor说需要go over 一下他的essay，其中有几个问题，然后教授就建议学生可以多做一些话题相关的研究，比如Edgar Degas的雕像作品Little Dancer Aged Fourteen一开始材料不是青铜，而是Vex version，青铜只是一个在ED死了之后别人所造的copy，还有就是原版中的雕像动作也是和青铜版的不一样，青铜版的作品中舞者的头抬得更高一些，学生听完建议以后，感觉他的论文改起来不会太难(考点，有个态度题)。
TPO相似文章：TPO30C2-Writing about Van Gogh’s painting
C2 service encounters图书馆话题-找资料
学生去找图书管理员解决一个学生员工帮他解决不了的事情，有一本有关历史方面的书，在图书馆相应的书架上面找不到，管理员有些书可能没有放在相应的位置，然后学生想问下是否还有其他关于这本书的来源，管理员在系统里找到了关于这个书还回的信息，但是工作人员应该还没有放到相应的书架上面去，可能需要等一星期左右的时间，但是学生的作业下个星期就要交了，管理员建议他去问教授要一份copy，学生委婉的拒绝了这个建议，因为他的作业早就该完成了，但是现在还没有完成，不好意思去问教授要书，可能让教授推荐另一本书，最后管理员还是要求学生把邮件信息留下，找到了书联系他。
TPO相似文章：
TPO24-C1-Looking for New Kind of Science
TPO27-C1-Looking for Books on New Zealand
L1 商科-管理学
每个公司有自己的管理结构，但是怎么知道这个管理结构是有效的，讲座中提到了the McKinney Study(麦肯锡研究),从三个方面来说明可帮助公司有效管理，第一是direction，公司的领导是要让员工明白公司的目标，有目标以后再结合适当的刺激措施，这样的话员工的效率更高，举了关于bonus的例子来说明这点的重要性(考点，问为什么举这个例子)，第二是accountability ,即要让员工清楚明白自己的责任有哪些，举了与合伙人公司谈判的例子来说明accountability的重要性(考点：问为什么举这个例子)，第三是culture，即公司应该创造一个合适的环境，让员工敢于承认错误，提出错误，对于员工提出错误一开始应该表示感谢，然后和员工一起找到解决方案。
TPO相似文章：TPO12-L2-Managing by Wandering Around
L2 环境科学-能源
提出algae oil可以通过catalysts 来反应成为bio-fuel，用了人类消化系统的例子来帮助说明这个过程，接着提出vacuoles 这个概念，说到对于环境保护来说，algae oil bio-fuel相比较于corn和canola要更加有益于环境，接着还提到很多人想对环境保护作出贡献，那么应该要人们了解the high-density vertical bioreactor的概念，algae oil bio-fuel就是这样的物质，使用以后可以对环境更加友好，提倡人们使用。
TPO相似文章：
TPO12-L4-Solar Energy
TPO44-L4-Tidal Energy
L3 天文学-地外生命&火星
一开始提出火星之前比现在更加warmer and wetter，然后说有很多理论试图解释原因，其中有一个理论说是由于火星大气的二氧化碳含量很高，然后二氧化碳是温室气体，会聚集更多的热量，导致其更热，但是二氧化碳是溶于水的，会形成一种carbonate 的岩石，但是spectroscopic 分析(中间解释了一下什么是spectroscopy技术，是一种利用火星表面反射的光来检查二氧化碳含量的技术)并没有发现有carbonate的痕迹，证明这个理论不可靠，后来又说到可能大气中有sulfur ,会和二氧化碳反应，导致二氧化碳含量降低，且在火星表面的C Hills发现了carbonate ，但是只在表面的一个部分找到了carbonate，如果在其他地方没有找到的话，那么争议还将继续。
TPO相似文章：
TPO30-L3-Jarosite
TPO41-L4-Exoplanets
L4 音乐-古典音乐
在贝多芬时期的时候patronage很常见，就是royal patron会雇佣音乐家来为自己演奏古典音乐，贝多芬也是被雇佣的人之一，但是他喜欢给雇主们表演他自己的音乐，而且后来随着越来越多的人家里买的起钢琴，人们想要在钢琴上表演贝多芬的音乐，于是就出现了卖乐谱的情况，后来贝多芬的创作中出现了钢琴上没有的音符，要求钢琴生产者改进钢琴，促进了钢琴产业的发展，再后来贝多芬想要为royal patron之外的人表演音乐，于是就出现了公共表演，所以说贝多芬对于现代音乐产业的发展有重要的作用。
TPO相似文章：
TPO16-L2-Piano
TPO27-L2-History of Musical Instruments-violin
托福听力需注意的细节 考点就在他们周围
托福听力两个Section下来，总会有种注意力越来越散的感觉。如果能够知道哪些地方预示着考点出没，那就相当赞啦！
1.Conversation：段落开头提到的原因必考：problem/question。
2.段落开头提到的本次主题必考(如Today……)，段落结尾的点评和总结必考。
3.段落中重复两次的地方必考。通常为本节课的要点，师生各重复一次的地方必考，注意在笔记中划双线，重复两次的名词必考，一般重复的名词是选项中的替换词。
4.段落中的强调句型多引出分论点，是考点：
This is the first time…
One thing important is…
The most important thing…
You should remember/notice/bear inmind/keep in mind---conversation引出建议的句型。
5.针对上下文明显的肯定或者否定的回答必考：definitely,absolutely, exactly, it’s a good question, excellent question, 注意听好教授在这些回答之后的解释，一定会对重要内容作同义的重复。
6.段中主论点下有定义加举例的必考(配对表格题)；
罗列多个事实处必考（是非型表格题）；
说明多个程序、步骤的必考(排序题)，中间的步骤一定注意：then, so, ok, well, replace, the next stage.
7.难点的解释说明必考(核心概念)：小黑板，带字的笔记本，只要出小黑板都会有停顿。
注意引导词：it refers to, that is, that means, which means, This is to say, inother words, in another words, by that he meant, let me make it clear, let memake it simpler, let’s put it this way.
8.段中引用的观点必考，对应都是对分论点的看法：think，argue，believe,一定有小黑板，或者人物肖像。
9.形容词和副词最高级后面的点重要，themost important, biggest, 因为是形容重要特点。
10.一定注意教授跑题的内容，话题的转移、布置作业、一会儿再谈、我打算先谈些什么、谈一下个人的经历……会在语义理解上出题（细节）。
11.教授对学生的警告或指令必考（重听）：Conversation表建议，Lecture中表强调重点。
12.托福听力出题的顺序和文章顺序完全一致，一定注意干扰选项：后面的内容在本题中会作为干扰项出现。
13.一定注意教授的点评，会作为结尾的题目出现(whatdoes the prof think of)。
好了，以上就是托福听力中的一些细节，可以在听的过程中去试试哦~
托福听力听写也重要
托福听写是提高托福听力的一个捷径。而今天托福听力听写过程又分为三大部分，听写、跟读、复述。听写跟读能够最大限度的帮助考生，解决掉词汇和语句范围的麻烦。那么在理解了文章的意思后，我们不仅要听懂，更要总结出来，这也就是复述了。
复述的操作非常简单明了：首先不再听托福听力原文，而是根据之前的笔记，将文章复述出来，首先是英文，而后是中文。复述要从简单的、熟悉的材料入手，循序渐进。经过复述之后，考生能够用自己的话把文章大意，重要支撑观点总结出来，并且不遗漏重点细节，那么这样的复述就是成功的。
这里出现了一个之前较少谈及的概念：笔记。
笔记对于水平较为一般的考生来说，可操作性小，时常会影响到正常听音，顾此失彼，而且记下的往往对考试帮助不大。所以对于能力一般的考生，我们不强求笔记，还是要先在听写和跟读两步中将自身实力提高。
对于能力较好的考生，建议下功夫锻炼笔记能力。笔记也是帮助我们，一定程度上也是检验我们对于文章整体，重要细节把握程度的考察。
因此，对于托福听力技巧来说，记笔记的要求就是：简洁;关系明确。
简洁方面，要求考生尽量不要大篇幅写词汇，一些连接性的词汇，表达重要程度的词汇，否定肯定的词汇，最好是通过符号代替，因为这次词汇的重复率高，形式固定，所以通过符号不仅节省时间也便于理解。至于专业词汇，专有词汇，最好通过大写某一部分，只要清楚指代就可以。
关系明确的要求在于，每个文章都有自己的结构，重要细节等等，笔记要较为清晰的表现出来这些关系，而且这些关系一般都是题点。这里就涉及到听力的一些解题原则，比如：so代表总结原则，but代表转折，also或者plus等代表并列等，这些词汇都很清晰的表明上下文的关系，也是托福听力常考的地方，笔记自然要特别注意这些地方。
同时，托福听力练习中笔记要从熟悉的文章开始。经过听写和跟读的文章是最适合最初练习笔记的材料，因为对内容熟悉，逻辑关系比较明确，通过练习这些材料，能够使学生快速建立对笔记的认识和自身个性化笔记符号体系的形成。毕竟托福词汇和文章结构的重合度还是比较高的，类似文章的笔记能够做好，那么就证明考生的整理归纳能力完全没有问题。
但是有的同学还是会出现，熟悉的文章做笔记完全没有问题，但是碰到新文章，依然记得毫无章法。这就说明学生在辨音辨义或者 篇章理解上还有欠缺，笔记先不要强求，最好先通过听写和复述来提高自身能力。
篇4：2月25日托福口语真题及答案解析
Suppose my friend Philip will move to a school and is worried about making new friends there, I would recommend that he should join a book club since he loves reading novels all the time. It will be quite easy to break the ice if Philip and members of the club share some interest in, say, the new Harry Potter book. They can have discussions over a cup of coffee about the highlights in the book and its relevance to the first seven novels. While Philip expresses how thrilled he is when he reads the book, other members of the club can relate to the situation. Naturally, Philip can make some new friends at the new school.
T2
Many people prefer to read books in electronic format on a computer screen or other devices. Some other people prefer to read books on paper printed copies. Which way do you prefer? Why?
篇5：2月25日托福口语真题及答案解析
The professor uses his personal experience to illustrate the concept of peak-end rules which means that people only remember the most intense part and the ending segment of any event. At the beginning of the vacation the weather was a bit nasty and the professor had to stay in his hotel room, reading books and watching TV. When the weather cleared up, the professor and others sailed on the sea. The scenery was breath-taking and the sharks swam in groups, which gave the professor great experience. In the following days, nothing extraordinary happened. The professor just read books and chilled on the beach. At the end of the vacation, the professor went to a party at which he met a person who came from his hometown. When his coworkers asked him about the vacation, the professor only remembered the sailing trip and the party, the most intense and the ending segment of the experience.
T5
问題: 作为head-editors，男生遇到的问题是有一个news reporter always makes mistakes about the facts。有一次搞错一个教授的教龄和背景，之后还继续犯错。
解决方案1：give him other assignments, such as comment on movies and campus issues.
缺点1：这个reporter喜欢news reports
解决方案2：他自己花额外时间多检查几遍他的文章，保证正确。
缺点2：对于他来说工作量很大，而且不知道值不值得这么做。
范文：
The male student is a head editor and one of his news reporters always makes mistakes about the facts, such as the working experience and educational background of a professor. I recommend that the student should give the reporter other assignments rather than check his articles for the reporter. The reporter may show great enthusiasm in news reports; however, he will work even harder if the head editor assigns other tasks to him. It is possible that the reporter can learn to be detail-oriented when he finds that basic facts in movies and campus issues are important. Besides, the editor already has a lot on his plate and does not have time to check the possible errors for the reporter. Even if he finds time to do this, the reporter will not have the opportunity to grow as a qualified news reporter.
T6
话題：一些在树上生活的灵长类避免从树上掉落的两个adaptations
要点1：Grasp and hold to the branches
例子1：用尾巴缠住树枝，避免掉落。
要点2 ：准确测量树枝与树枝的距离
例子2：有时候从一个树枝到另一个树枝比较远，需要swing to other branches 而不能run，所以需要准确测量距离，以便能够跳跃过去。
篇6：2月25日托福口语真题及答案解析
Many people prefer to read books in electronic books on their laptops, tablets or cellphones. However, I prefer to read paper printed copies when it comes to best-selling novels. You can call me a nerd, but when the new Harry Potter book came out, I was really thrilled to have one more chance to enjoy the adventures in the world of magic. When the first seven books were introduced in my country, paper printed copies were what I saw. It would feel so wrong if I read the eighth book on my tablet or other electronic devices. I just love the feeling of turning the pages with my fingers and the new book is such a page-turner.
T3
阅读
标题: Research Thesis Presentation
原因1：学生可以gather wider range of topics and ideas by reading others' thesis
原因 2：虽然论文通常很长很复杂，但是他们可以给别人看提纲和重点节选。
听力
态度:反对
原因1：学校的websites有更多的信息可以去获得，帮助学生扩大知识面。
原因2：论文通常很复杂很长，节选或提纲只能让别人有一个片面的认识，不能看到the whole picture.
篇7：2月25日托福口语真题及答案解析
Some primates living on trees have two adaptations to avoid falling from the trees. The first adaptation is to grasp and hold onto the branches of the trees on which they live. Some primates use their tails to wrap around the branches so tightly that it is almost impossible for them to fall from the tree if they are careful with their movements on the tree. Another adaptation is to measure in accuracy the distance between branches. When there is a wider distance between the branch the primates are standing and the other branch, it makes more sense if the primates swing rather than run to their destination. Under this circumstance, the primates measure the distance accurately in order to swing to the other branch. These are the adaptations some primates make to avoid falling from trees.
托福口语考试类型
独立口语题
新托福口语考试的前两题属于独立口语题，考察的不仅是学生的语言能力，还有发散思维的能力。要求考生在15秒钟的准备时间之后，用45秒来回答问题。这些问题都是最身边、最生活、最简单的话题，考生只要用最简单的语言答问题之所问即可。
小贴士1：尽可能地使自己的答题完整些，在未完成自己要表达的一个要点前，不要转到下一个要点。
小贴士2：在独立口语题中要获得高分的很大一个关键是充分并有逻辑性地表达自己的观点。但这并不意味着你需要给出非常多的要点，按照一般中国考生的英文语速，两个要点足以在规定时间内达到很好的效果。
小贴士3：答题时不一定要遵循真实想法，可以适当给出合理的“白色谎言”，一切答题均以方便自己作答为主。
小贴士4：许多考生喜欢在答题的第一句话给出类似“I have three (or whatever) reasons to support my idea”这样的topic sentence，但却又往往出现规定时间内无法完成自己的要点作答。因此，建议考生可在topic sentence时以“I have a couple of reasons to say。”这样抽象的概念取代。
综合口语题
小贴士1：尽可能详细地记下所有讲话人的主要观点，可以通过缩写或者符号来提高自己的note-taking速度。如“+”“-”来表达说话人同意或不同意的态度。平时安排口语备考练习时，不妨加上note-taking的练习，由简入难，一旦掌握好note-taking的能力，对新托福考试的其他科目成绩提升也有很大的帮助。
小贴士2：遇到自己不熟悉的话题，不要慌张，因为答题中并不影响。实在不明白的专有名词，可以尝试记下它相对应的发音，在作答时重复相仿的发音即可。
小贴士3：尝试精简自己的答案。由于考试时间的限制，你不会有足够的时间将每一细节完整复述出来。归纳能力也是托福口语考试的主要考察方面之一。
小贴士4：讲话人在说话中用到的信号词将是帮助你记笔记及理解听力很好的一个要素。提前熟悉好常见信号词，并在练习中刻意留意信号词。常见的信号词如：“what“s more” and “moreover”等。
篇8：2月25日托福口语真题及答案解析
Students are supposed to make a presentation on their research theses to gather a wider range of topics and ideas by reading others ‘theses. Although their theses are often long and complicated, students can give outlines and highlights of their theses. The woman/man finds the plan unconvincing. Firstly, the students in this university can have other ways to get information for their theses. They can get more information on the website of the university so that they can know a wider range of topics for academic development. Secondly, the theses are too long and too complicated for students to handle. Outlines and highlights can only give students a partial picture rather than a whole picture of the arguments in the theses.
T4
阅读
标題：Peak-End Rules
定义：与传统的将广告放到电视、报考、杂志上不同，ambient 人们在回忆过去的经历时通常只会回忆起记忆最深刻和发生在最后的事情。
听力
例子: 教授去旅游前几天天气很不好，只能在室内读书，看电视。后来天气变好了，他们出海去航行，看到很美妙的风景，看到成群的鲨鱼，特别棒的体验。后来几天就很普通，在沙滩上看书和放松。旅行结束时参加了一个party，认识了一个来自同一个地方的人。当他的同事问他这次旅行，他只提到第二段出海和最后party认识一个新朋友的。而没有提到别的。
篇9：托福写作真题及解析
原文回顾：说的是讲美国铁路发展和影响，先说了铁路给人们带来了很多好处，后面还说铁路比其他交通工具更为广泛。然后大概说17世纪的几个铁路说明跨越疆域的时间变得有多短。然后分别写旅游和经济的影响。原来一个洲到另一个洲要好久，现在时间缩短了很多。这一篇词汇题考的比较多，其中有词汇题quantify，很多人可以有personal travel。还有一个问题问的是对当地居民的影响，说他们可以种更加适合气候的庄稼，因为交通的便捷。
学习：
Early American Railroads
In 1869, a golden spike linked the Central Pacific Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad at Promontory, Utah.
The development of BB#00081900RAILROADS was one of the most important phenomena of the Industrial Revolution. With their formation, construction and operation, they brought profound social, economic and political change to a country only 50 years old. Over the next 50 years, America would come to see magnificent bridges and other structures on which trains would run, awesome depots, ruthless rail magnates and the majesty of rail locomotives crossing the country.
The railroad was first developed in Great Britain. A man named BB#00081901GEORGE STEPHENSON successfully applied the steam technology of the day and created the world's first successful locomotive. The first engines used in the United States were purchased from the BB#00081902STEPHENSON WORKS in England. Even rails were largely imported from England until the Civil War. Americans who had visited England to see new BB#00081903STEAM LOCOMOTIVES were impressed that railroads dropped the cost of shipping by carriage by 60-70%.
This stereograph of the Central Pacific Railroad would have appeared three-dimensional when viewed through special glasses.
Baltimore, the third largest city in the nation in 1827, had not invested in a canal. Yet, Baltimore was 200 miles closer to the frontier than New York and soon recognized that the development of a railway could make the city more competitive with New York and the Erie Canal in transporting people and goods to the West. The result was the BB#00081904BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD, the first railroad chartered in the United States. There were great parades on the day the construction started. On July 4, 1828, the first spadesful of earth were turned over by the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, 91-year-old BB#00081905 CHARLES CARROLL.
New railroads came swiftly. In 1830, the BB#00081906 SOUTH CAROLINA CANAL AND RAIL-ROAD COMPANY was formed to draw trade from the interior of the state. It had a steam locomotive built at the West Point Foundry in New York City, called BB#00081907THE BEST FRIEND OF CHARLESTON, the first steam locomotive to be built for sale in the United States. A year later, the Mohawk & Hudson railroad reduced a 40-mile wandering canal trip that took all day to accomplish to a 17-mile trip that took less than an hour. Its first steam engine was named the DeWitt Clinton after the builder of the Erie Canal.
Although the first railroads were successful, attempts to finance new ones originally failed as opposition was mounted by turnpike operators, canal companies, stagecoach companies and those who drove wagons. Opposition was mounted, in many cases, by tavern owners and innkeepers whose businesses were threatened. Sometimes opposition turned to violence. Religious leaders decried trains as sacrilegious. But the economic benefits of the railroad soon won over the skeptics.
Shares were sold to fund the construction of the B&O Railroad. In only 12 days, the company had raised over $4,000,000.
Perhaps the greatest physical feat of 19th century America was the creation of the BB#00081908 TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD. Two railroads, the BB#00081909CENTRAL PACIFIC starting in San Francisco and a new railroad, the Union Pacific, starting in Omaha, Nebraska, would build the rail-line. Huge forces of immigrants, mainly Irish for the BB#00081910UNION PACIFIC and Chinese for the Central Pacific, crossed mountains, dug tunnels and laid track. The two railroads met at BB#00081911PROMONTORY, UTAH, on May 10, 1869, and drove a last, golden spike into the completed railway.
20托福听力真题及解析
托福听力 Conversation 1
一个女生上了professor的课之后发现原来童话挺复杂的而且有别的含义。然后她开始问怎么写童话故事的assignment，她觉得跟着传统写法很奇怪，教授让她还是要根据童话故事的element写，但是detail可以不同，举了hero的例子，这里出题了。最后那个女生问教授关于 setting，时间的问题，然后这里也有出题。
Lecture 1
讲的是sculpture，主要讲一个艺术家怎么样unconventional方法去创造那个雕塑，那个雕塑有一些地方不成比例的大，这里有出题。后面也讲到，其实他创造的方法里面也有typical的方法。
Lecture 2
主要讲了果蝇怎么用眼睛探测magnetic field，先讲了做个实验，有不同的变量，这里有出题问。但是光是必须的。后来进一步说因为果蝇眼睛里有一种c的物质，让他们可以sense磁场。
托福听力 Conversation 2
停车的通行证问老师，然后就说没地方停车?然后那个人就说可能是因为有一个展览，而且那个地方本来就是个停车的火爆区域，然后建议女生步行。然后女生就说她有一个课不方便，然后那个人说你可以坐学校的免费SHUTTLE BUS,然后可以给你refund你的卡钱，但是因为没有卡了在哪也不能停，这个学生又提出了一些问题，好像是会影响她周末干嘛，然后她决定还是去继续找 PARKING的地方，找不到再去。
Lecture 3
讲的是古代的一种disc上面画着星星月亮太阳的图案，但是图案的形状和月相和自然中的事实是不一致的，因为月亮的阳面应该对着太阳，而disc上的阴面对着太阳(有出题)，所以怀疑这个disc和calendar有关，后来一直都在讲这个和calendar的关系，一种一个是七颗星星组成的图案，被猜想可能是代表的什么pleiades，古代人一般使用的是阴历，通常和公历有一定的误差，所以需要补一个月使他们的calendar和solar calendar保持一致，因此他们利用这个disc对着天空，根据星团和月亮的位置来判断第13个月开始的日期(有出题)，后来在巴比伦也发现了类似的图案，怀疑可能与宗教有关(有出题)。
Lecture 4
冰河世纪的新仙女木时间(yd)，气温在百年内忽然升降，可能是大洋中的fresh water的增加导致了影响。突然的降温使得迁移到高纬度地区的动植物大批死亡。
年托福口语真题及解析
托福独立口语Task 1： talk about the advantages of moving to a new place to study or work.在一个新地方学习工作的优点
Task 1参考答案：
In my opinion, moving to a new place to study or work has the following advantages: first, you have more chances to get to know new and interesting people, which helps to expand your social circle and give you more opportunity to make new friends; for example, I met my best friend Linda, after I was transferred to a new senior high school in a new city. Second, you are also more likely to be exposed to a new local culture, experiencing totally different life-style or cultural values, which might be totally surprising and fascinating.
托福独立口语Task 2： do you agree or disagree that students should learn to draw or paint
Task 2参考答案：
I agree with the statement, coz first, they offers students a good way to release pressure; nowadays students are under a huge amount of school work pressure, like we have to take classes almost 8 hours, and deal with endless exam and class assignments; painting or drawing definitely offers a good way to blow off steam or unwind; also, it helps students to enhance artistic taste and offer the needed inspirations, like sometimes when I am stuck in math, a short period of immersion in painting will refresh my mind and help me to crack the problem.
2016年托福写作真题及解析
托福写作真题回顾
A/D: It is more important to read and watch news presented by people whose opinion is different from your own view than by people whose opinion are similar to yours.
名师点睛
题目大意：人们应该阅读或收看与自己观点不同的人呈现的新闻而不是接收与自己观点一致的人呈现的消息。 题目的核心是“是否要听取与自己观点相悖的人提供的信息”，有些许抽象，波波建议选择同意，即认为应该去获取与自己观点不同的人呈现的消息。理由如下：1.有助于获取全面的信息 2.有助于结交更多的朋友
篇10：托福写作真题及解析
原文回顾：非洲铁的发展，非洲曾经是被殖民的地方，殖民者大量开采非洲的铁矿资源，并且他们在非洲大规模的用铁矿资源冶炼金属，牵扯到起源，谁把铁的技术引进非洲，以及铁技术之后的发展和改变。注意这篇阅读有地图。
学习：
(1)The African Iron Age is traditionally considered that period in Africa between the second century AD up to about 1000 AD, when iron smelting was practiced. In Africa, unlike the Europe and Asia, the Iron Age is not prefaced by a Bronze or Copper Age, but rather all the metals were brought together. The advantages of iron over stone are obvious--iron is much more efficient at cutting trees or quarrying stone than stone tools. But iron smelting technology is a smelly, dangerous one. This brief essay covers Iron Age up to the end of the first millennium AD.
Pre-Industrial Iron Ore Technology
To work iron, one must extract the ore from the ground and break it into pieces, then heat the pieces to a temperature of at least 1100 degrees centigrade under controlled conditions.
African Iron Age people built a cylindrical clay furnace and used charcoal and a hand-operated bellows to reach the level of heating for smelting. Once smelted, the metal was separated from its waste products or slag, and then brought to its shape by repeated hammering and heating, called forging.
African Iron Age Lifeways
From the 2nd century AD to about 1000 AD, the Chifumbaze spread iron throughout the largest portion of Africa, eastern and southern Africa. The Chifumbaze were farmers of squash, beans, sorghum and millet, and kept cattle, sheep, goats and chickens.
They built hill top settlements, at Bosutswe, large villages like Schroda, and large monumental sites like Great Zimbabwe. Gold, ivory, and glass bead working and trade was part of many of the societies. Many spoke a form of Bantu; many forms of geometric and schematic rock art are found throughout south and eastern Africa.
(2)In Africa, where there was no continent-wide universal Bronze Age, the use of iron succeeded immediately the use of stone.[14] Metallurgy was characterized by the absence of a Bronze Age, and the transition from ”stone to steel\" in tool substances. Sub-Saharan Africa has produced very early instances of carbon steel found to be in production around 2000 years ago in northwest Tanzania, based on complex preheating principles. Nubia was one of the relatively few places in Africa to have a sustained Bronze Age along with Egypt and much of the rest of North Africa. The Meroitic script was developed in the Napatan Period (c. 700–300 BC).
Iron Age finds in East and Southern Africa, corresponding to the early 1st millennium Bantu expansion.
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