以下是小编为大家收集的英语专八命题分析应试技巧:阅读篇,本文共9篇,希望对大家有所帮助。

篇1:英语专八命题分析应试技巧:阅读篇
英语专八命题分析应试技巧:阅读篇
阅读理解是语言学习中最重要的基本技能之一,阅读是获取语言知识最直接、最有效的方法,阅读能力则是衡量掌握语言综合能力的一项重要标志。学习阅读,学会阅读,提高英语阅读能力,是最终掌握英语,提高整体英语水平的必由之路。英语专业八级考试中也设立了阅读理解部分,而且阅读部分在整个考试中占相当大的比重,该部分的得分直接影响到整个考试的成败,因此无论是教师还是考生都对此非常重视。八级考试中的阅读理解部分主要是依据国家教委批准的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》中对英语阅读教学内容和要求的规定,运用科学的测试手段,检验英语专业学生对于高级英语阅读能力和技巧的掌握,从而检查各有关院校对于大纲规定的教学内容和教学要求的完成和执行情况。?
应该说到了准备八级考试的时候,学生已经具备了相当的阅读经验和阅读能力,现在的关键是多做练习,大量阅读,通过阅读来提高阅读水平。如果还存在一些不良阅读习惯的话,比如用手指着读,默读时出声等等,就应毫不犹豫地痛下功夫去改正。下面列出了一些常用的阅读技巧,仅作提醒之用。希望考生能仔细对照自己的情况,尽快改掉不良习惯,以便提高自己的阅读效率。?
1、略读
略读(skimming)是常用的阅读方法之一,其主要特征是选择性地阅读。通常的阅读要求看到每一个词,每次注目看1-2个词。略读不需要看到每一个词,眼睛跳动的频率和幅度都有较大的提高,有时甚至从上一行跳到下一行。略读不可能使你对所读内容全部了解,但是你能大大地提高阅读速度,也能获得大量的信息。?
略读的主要作用是了解文章的大意。经过略读之后,你对所读内容已经有了大致的了解,再仔细阅读,这时你的印象会更深刻,理解更透彻。?
大部分读者不需要正规的训练和指导就可以进行略读。但是有意识地训练会大大地提高。你的略读速度和效率。进行略读训练的最简单的方法是强迫自己在规定的时间内读完某一篇文章,开始训练时,可以把略读速度定为平常阅读的.5/4倍,以后逐步提高。略读的关键是增加眼跳的幅度,高度集中注意力,努力捕捉那些能引起注意或者你认为重要的内容。?
2、扫读
扫读(scanning)是以最快的速度扫视所读材料,在找到所需信息时才仔细阅读该项内容。如查找某个人名、地名、时间、地点等,也即在寻找特定信息、寻找具体事实、寻找答题所需内容时都用这种方法。?
3、研读
研读(study reading)就是仔细阅读,对文章有透彻深刻的理解。根据考题,运用上下文、逻辑关系、背景知识进行判断和推论。对难句的理解和翻译用得着这种方法。提高阅读速度的一个重要内容是扩大词汇量。其必要性表现在以下几个方面:?
1)、词汇量决定了你的阅读理解能力,词汇量越大,你阅读得越广,视野就越开阔,你阅读理解的得分就越高。?
2)、有限的词汇量必然会影响你阅读理解能力的提高。生词的含义只有在上下文中才能完全展现出来,并易于被识记、理解、掌握。换句话说,是上下文给某个词以特定含义,而这个特定含义往往是字典无法提供的。有的人或许会说,我们从中学到大学英语词汇都是通过背生词表来记的。但是这样说的读者忽视了很重要的一点:所学课文后面的词汇表都是为课文服务的,而且,教师上课时对某些词或表达方式所举的实例,实质上是为它们设置上下文。不少教师鼓励学生背句子、段落、或整篇文章,都是出于同一目的,即要学生在上下文中理解并掌握词汇和短语。?
3)、多读是扩大词汇量的最好的方法。不仅要读不同体裁的书和文章,而且要多接触不同题材,才能适应考试的需要。
篇2:英语专八命题分析应试技巧:改错篇
英语专八命题分析应试技巧:改错篇
校对与改错是英语专业八级考试的第二部分。该部分采用主观测试题型。该项目包含两个部分:答题要求和一篇要求修改的短文。答题要求部分说明修改短文的三种方法:加入、删去和改动某一单词,并举例说明。要求修改的短文长度为200字左右。短文的体裁和题材不超出学生所熟悉的范围。短文内含10个错误;错误都出现在标有题号的行内。错误一般涉及单个词;每行只出现一个错误。要求修改的单词既有功能词(如介词、冠词等),也有实义词(动词、名词等)。错误既涉及句内也涉及句际。?
校对与改错部分的测试目的是检查学生在实际语境中灵活运用语言的能力。该项目考查学生的语法和词汇知识,但更侧重评估学生的综合语言能力。校对改错部分要求学生在15分钟内找出10个错误,并根据要求用三种方法之中的一种改正错误。这一部分要求考生掌握三种知识:?
1、语法知识
众所周知,英语语言能力包括众多因素,其中之一是语法知识。没有系统的语法知识,学习者就很难全面、准确地以口头或书面的形式表达思维或意念。对于把英语作为外语的学生来说,语法知识的掌握尤为重要,因为它有助于提高语言的准确性、逻辑性。鉴于此,校对改错项目的一个测试点是检验高年级学生语法知识的掌握程度及其运用能力。一般地说,该项目中要求改正的错误里包括一些语法错误。例如:?
定语从句(第三题),?
情态动词(第一题),?
冠词(19第九题),?
介词(第四题),?
反身代词(19第六题),等等。
校对改错项目要求学生运用已学过的语法知识,来判断句子的正误,找出语病,并作修正。这里要强调的一点是,八级考试的这个项目不是孤立地测试学生的语法知识;它更偏重学生运用语法知识的能力,即怎样把书本知识转化成实际能力。因此,对于学生来说,在平时一要巩固已学过的语法知识,理清概念;二要注重提高运用语言知识解决具体问题的能力。?
2.词汇与搭配
校对改错项目的另一测试点是学生对常用词汇、搭配和用法的了解及运用。比如:
外层空间应为outer space,而不是out space(19第 5题),?
做动作应为 perform an act,而不是 make an act(年第 8题),?
姿式应为posture,而不是post (1997年第10题),?
站起来应为 get to their feet,而不是get on their feet(年第 4题),等等。
词汇测试面涵盖各类词性的词,同时侧重考核它们的搭配与用法。归根结底,词汇测试部分主要是检验高年级学生在词汇方面是否达到英语专业高年级教学大纲所规定的要求。词汇的积累不是一朝一夕即可完成的,它需要在平时的学习过程中逐步积累,积少成多。因此,对于学生来说,平时自己在学习中要注意扩大、巩固已有的词汇量,这点是非常重要的。同时,在学习、掌握词汇的过程中,特别要注意提高自己灵活运用词汇的能力。?
3.篇章结构
在第1、第2点中我们提到校对改错项目的两个测试点:语法和词汇。同时我们也再三强调,这个项目尽管涉及以上两点的评估,但它不是简单、孤立地检验学生的`语法词汇知识。
该项目仍着眼于语言的运用。也就是说,该项目旨在测试在具体语境或上下文中使用语法或词汇的能力。在校对改错这个特定的考试环境中,它所提供的具体语境或上下文是一篇200来字的短文。这篇短文由十来个在意义上相关联的句子构成;而需要修改的语病都出现在这些意义上相互关联的句中。鉴于这个特点,学生就要从篇章结构这个角度去判断句子的正误。也就是说,学生要跳出单句的框架,从语段(表达一相关层次意思的句子组合)的角度来进行判断。??
从语篇角度看,校对改错项目内的错误可大致分为两类:?
1)句内错误:一般对此类错误的判断无须超越句子本身。如:?
96年试卷的第6题?
water rising away from the depths of the earth during(6)_____?
(删去away)?
试卷的第4题
hour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible calories(4)____
(把in 改成 on)
篇3:名师谈英语专八翻译技巧篇
名师谈英语专八翻译技巧篇
英语八级考试中的汉译英试题是对学生综合应用语言的一个测试。它既是对学生汉语水平的测试,又是对英语专业学生四年专业学习之后综合应用英语能力的检测。实践证明,我们的 学生在四年的英语学习过程中,忽略了对汉语的学习,因而在对汉语词语和句子的理解过程 中出现了一些可笑的问题;同时,汉译英测试也反映出学生在用英语表达过程中,由于母语 干扰或其它方面原因,也有很多典型的错误。这里我们仅从理解和表达两个角度,分析英语 专业八级考试汉译英常见的一些问题,并通过分析这些问题,指出英语专业本科阶段汉译英 教学中,加强学生基本功是该课程的一个核心任务。 ?
一般认为,理解汉语对于汉语是母语的中国来说,不应该构成什么问题;翻译过程的第二阶 段,即表达阶段,才是问题出现比较多的地方。但是,在我们的学生中,的确存在着因为汉语 功底不扎实而造成错误理解的问题。 这种错误主要出现在对一些不能够从字面上推测意义 的习语上,例如部分学生对“寒暄”、“破天荒”、“干脆”等词语会产生错误的理解。我们有 同学将“寒暄”译成了“coldly talk for a while”,这说明习语的理解对于汉语功底不深厚 、光顾着学习外语却忽视母语学习的外语专业学生来说的确是一个很突出的问题。 ?
其次,学生还会出现断句的错误。汉语是形成机制不发达的语言,汉语句子在断句问题上并 不严格,因此对句子停顿的认识很多情况下完全取决于读者的语感。学生对此往往认识并不 充分,不敢果断断句,以为原文中的一个长句一定要用英语的一个长句来表达,因而出现跟 原文风格不一致的译文,甚至在组织译文言语的时候出现很多语法错误。当然,汉语功底的欠 缺、语感的薄弱往往也会造成错误的断句,从而导致错误的翻译。例如,八级考试中 ,第一句话是“世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆,它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地 球和各种生物的演化历史”。很多同学用which这个关系代词来形成了一个结构很复杂的主从 复合句,但是在组织这个句子时出现很多错误,造成修饰关系不明的情况。如果我们果 断断句,翻译成: ? The world’s first generation museums are museums of natural history. They introd uce to the ?people? with fossils and specimens the evolution of the earth and vari ous living organism on it. 用这样两个单句来处理,就可以避免语法错误,而且可以使 句子语义鲜明。 ?
此外,断句的错误还表现在词组间关系的`断定上,比如,“科学知识”和“科学技术”,后者“ 科学”和“技术”之间是一种并列关系。这种修饰和并列关系在汉语中并没有形式上的分别, 这种关系是一种意合关系,需要读者发挥自己的判断力和语感。很多同学把这两个短语分别 译成了“science and knowledge”和“scientific technology”,由此可见我们在理解上还存 在问题,学生们的汉语功底还不够深厚。 ? 另外,对原文的理解还需要结合一定的背景知识,例如95年八级考试汉译英试题中提到“奥 斯丁”这位作家,如果我们不熟悉这位作家,我们就可能连她的姓氏如何拼写也不知道。再 比如说,“我的导师是亚裔人”(1998年八级考试),不能简单地翻译成“My tutor is an As ian”,因为所谓“亚裔”,是指亚洲的血缘,但并没明确国籍,根据上下文,却应该是美国国籍,因 此这句话应该翻译为“My tutor is an Asian American.”,同样的道理,在同一篇文章中出 现的“除有一名来自德国外,其余5位均是亚裔学生”也应该处理成? “...except one of German origin, the rest five were all of Asian origin”。?
19八级考试试题中也出现了类似的句子“现今80万温哥华居民中,有一半不是本地 出生的,每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用” 也应该根据以上的理由翻译为“Of the present 1.8 million residents Vancouver, half are not native, and one in every four is of Asian origin. The 250,000 Chinese have been playing a decisive rol
篇4:浅谈应试英语阅读略读技巧
浅谈应试英语阅读略读技巧
阅读是人类从外界获取信息的'主要方式之一,所以在学生英语技能的考核中,占有十分重要的位置.本文对英语阅读略读技巧进行了总结.
作 者:柳济顼 作者单位:浙江广播电视大学工商学院,浙江,宁波,315000 刊 名:科技信息(科学・教研) 英文刊名:SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION 年,卷(期): “”(14) 分类号:H3 关键词:英语阅读 略读技巧 应试技巧篇5:英语专八模拟试题写作篇
英语专八模拟试题写作篇
Some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.
参考范文: Some people may believe that going to classes should be optional, but I disagree. I don’t understand how university students can expect to learn anything if they don’t attend classes. Personal experience can help people learn about themselves and the world outside the classroom, but when it comes to learning about academic subjects, students need to be in class. In class they receive the benefit of the teacher’s knowledge. The best teachers do more than just go over the material in than class textbook. They draw their students into discussion of the material. They present opposing points of view. They schedule guest speakers to come, give the students additional information, or show documentary films on the subject. Also, attending classes on any subject teaches more than just facts. It teaches students how to learn, how to absorb information and then apply what they’ve learned to other situations. Their teacher is the best one to help them with these skills. They can’t learn them just by reading the textbook.
Going to class also teaches students how to work with the other members of the class. Many times students will be given group assignments. This is different from what they did in secondary school. Here they’re with people from different backgrounds and experiences. In this situation, they learn how to handle working with people different from themselves to achieve a common goal. Going to class also teaches students responsibility and discipline. Having to be at a particular place at a particular time prepares them for getting a job. Being at a place on time with an assignment completed prepares them for a career. In short, by going to class students learn more than just information from the teacher. They also learn how to learn, how to work with others, and how to work responsibly. These are not optional skills in life, so attending classes should not be optional in college.
篇6:英语专八模拟试题改错篇答案
英语专八模拟试题改错篇答案
“Home, sweet home" is a phrase that express an essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home _____1
has great importance for many people.
This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlers of American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house _____2
for one’s family, and started a farm. These small households were _____3
portraits of independence: the entire family- mother, father, children,even grandparents-live in a small house and working together to ___4
support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance _____5
of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership _____6
is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.
When U.S soldiers came home before World WarⅡ, for example, _____7
they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was _____8
a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied _____9
a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their way of life._____10
答案:
1. 将 no 改为 not 2. 将 place 改为 land place是可数名词,作“地方”讲,而land意为“土地,田地”是不可数名词。例如:
Solitude is a good place to visit but a poor place to stay.
当你偶尔光顾时,独处是一个美妙的境地,但是如果久留,它却是一个糟糕的地方。
There is a vacant piece of land near the house; we can build there.
3. 将 started 改为 start
start应使用不定式,以和前面的find, build一致。
4. 将 working 改为 work
work应该用第三人称复数,和live一致。另外,family在这里作“家人”讲,是复数。
5 将 anyone 改为 everyone
这里是要用everyone 指每个人,而不是要用anyone泛指。
6. 将 but 删除 7. 将 before 改为 after
根据上下文判断,这里要表达的`是二战之后。
8. 将 But 改为 And
根据语意,这里要表达的是递进关系,而不是转折关系。例如:
When I do good, I feel good. When I do bad, I feel bad. And that’s my religion.
当我行善事,我感到坦然;当我行恶时,我感到内疚。这就是我的人生之道。
9 将 it 改为 they
10 在house the中间加入介词 as
regard...as 作“把……当作……”讲。
篇7:英语专八阅读训练题及答案
英语专八阅读训练题及答案
Equality of Opportunity
These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society’. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim.
It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest’, and ‘might is right’ are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy’ read ‘meritocracy’; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.
Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them ‘a good start in life’. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.
In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
[A] Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.
[B] Equality means money.
[C] There is no such society as classless society.
[D] Nature can’t give you a classless society.
2. According to the author, the same educational opportunities can’t get rid of inequality because
[A] the principle ‘survival of the fittest’ exists.
[B] Nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.
[C] Material rewards are for genuine ability.
[D] People have the freedom how to educate their children.
3. Who can obtain more rapid success
[A] those with wealth.
[B] Those with the best brains.
[C] Those with the best opportunities.
[D] Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.
4. Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? Because
[A] money decides everything.
[B] Private schools offer advantages over state schools.
[C] People are free to choose the way of educating their children.
[D] Wealth is used for political ends.
5. According to the author, ‘class divisions’ refers to
[A] the rich and the poor.
[B] Different opportunities for people.
[C] Oppressor and the oppressed.
[D] Genius and stupidity.
答案详解:
1. A 二十世纪平等的机遇并没有摧毁阶级。文章一开始就对无阶级社会的论点进行了反驳:有人认为君主整体已完全摧毁,幸存下来的王公贵族已经被剥夺了一切政治权力,继承的财产为税收大幅度的削减,到时候,巨大的财富将消失殆尽,在许多国家中,已全面胜利,人民进行统治,伟大的太平盛世已成为政治显示。作者认为:深入检查证实这一断言不实。第二段提出了即使人人都获同样的受教育的机会,可人的天然智慧和能力与平等原则无关,适者生存,强权即公理依然存在。教育的普及摧毁了老的阶级体制,却创造新的,报酬是机遇才干成就。贵族统治就是英才统治,可在其他方面,社会依然,阶级确实存在。后面两段集中论述了金钱的作用。
B.金钱意味着平等是错误的。C.不存在无阶级社会。内容是对的,但不是本文的主题思想。D.自然界不会赋予你一个无阶级社会。
2. B 自然界在分赋人智慧和能力是不会顾及平等。
A.适者生存的原则存在。根据这一原则无智慧和能力者难以生存于社会。C.物质报偿是根据人的真正能力。D.人们有自由选择如何教育自己的孩子。这三项都基于一点――人的智慧和能力。有智慧能力才能生存,才能获报偿,这已经是不平等,即使获同样的受教育的机会,也不可能铲除不平等。
3. A 有钱的人。第三段一开始就点明:真正的能力、动物般机敏狡猾、技能、善抓机会的`诀窍,这一切都带来物质报偿。有了钱的人首要作的事情就是给孩子最佳教育机会,而私人学校教育优于公立学校,人们又有自由选择如何教育自己的孩子。在这个意义上,英才教育在某种程度上是永存的。一个来自富有家庭的有能力的孩子要比其对立面获得成功要快得多得多。
B.具有很高智慧的人,若没有钱是难以成功的。第三段的最后一句话也点明这一点,金钱同从前一样是强有力的武器。文章最后一段即使在完全遵循社会平等原则的社会里,禁止特权的私人教育,人们也是按能力获报酬。小心翼翼而又耗费巨大地把聪明的孩子培养成未来的统治者。C.具有最佳机遇的人。D.是B和C的结合。
4. A金钱决定一切。新的英才教育在一定程度上永存。没有钱,上不起私立学校,谈不上机会,更不用说英才教育。有了钱才能为孩子创造机会。
B.私立学校提供的优越性高于公立学校。C.人们有自由选择教育孩子的方式方法。D.财富用于政治目的。第三段最后三句话:“财富也可以不加区别地用于更远的政治目的。没有强大的财政作后盾,成为民主国家的元首几乎是不可能。金钱和过去一样是强有力的武器,这也说明了金钱的力量,决定一切。”
5. A 富人和穷人。纵然作者提及,同样的教育机会也不可能铲除不平等,因为上天赋予人之智慧是不可能考虑平等原则,可是作者也提到适者生存、强权即公理。贵族政治可读成英才教育。这已说明英才指的是贵族的英才。第四段进一步指出有钱的人首先要做的就是给子女一个良好的教育机会。而私立学校的教育质量优于公立学校。有钱人家的有能力的孩子成功机遇就高。财产还可用于政治目的,要成为民主国家的领袖就得有雄厚的财力支持。钱财和过去一样强有力。即使在以社会平等为原则的社会中,私立学校被禁,酬劳还是以人的能力为准,大量需要有技能的工作人员,而差劲的人没有人关注。天才的孩子予以仔细而又及其昂贵的培养以成为未来的统治者。
总之,政治意识归结为同一个东西――阶级划分存在,不论你是为封建帝王统治,还是为受过教育的农民统治,从这里看,作者的class division指的是A项。
B.人们不同的机遇。C.压迫者和被压迫者。D.天才和笨蛋。
篇8:轻松解决英语专八阅读绝招
轻松解决英语专八阅读绝招
此文笔者想给大家谈谈怎样解决八级考试中的阅读问题:?
A、找出段落的中心思想
任何阅读材料都有主要意思,即大意(main idea)。文字材料的大意有不同的层次。一个比较长的句子可以说很多事情,但一般只有一个大意,可以用几个词概括;一个段落包括很多句子,但也只有一个大意,通常是段落的主题句(topic sentence)包含段落的大意。通常人们说“大意”指的是整篇材料的中心思想。?
非小说体的阅读材料通常有比较明显的大意,其结构也比较清楚。文章的开头部分(introduction)会比较明确地指出文章的中心思想。文章主体部分的每一段也往往有主题句,通常在段首或段尾。有些文章的结尾还会对全文作一个总的概括。?
B、如何对待阅读中的词汇问题?
阅读过程中不可避免地要遇到生词。大纲中规定允许有3%的生词,也就是说个词中允许有60个左右的生词,但一般不会有这么多的生词。有的人一遇到生词就停下来查字典,有的则读完一两页后查字典,有的人则完全不管生词。其实阅读中遇到生词只要不影响你对篇章主要意思的理解,一般应该继续往下读。如果生词的确影响你对内容的理解,查字典当然是一种办法,但很不方便,而且频繁地查字典不仅影响阅读速度,而且影响对文章内容的整体理解。所以在平时阅读时,遇生词最好的方法是通过上下文猜测。以下几条建议可帮助你猜测词义:?
(1)看看上下文中有没有生词的另一种说法,即找同义词。有时上下文会对一个生词作解释,或者提供一些暗示。?
(2)看看生词在文章中的词性,即看这个词是名词、动词、形容词、副词或其他词类。另外再看看这个词在文中与哪些词搭配使用,再根据自己的其他知识,就可以进行正确的猜测。(3)分析生词的构成,尤其是词的前缀和后缀。英语中很多词都是加前缀或后缀变来的。比如你认识这两个词write和similar,根据前缀re-和后缀-ity的含义,你就可以准确地猜出rewrite和similarity这两个词的意思。?
(4)看看同一生词是否在上下文的其他地方出现,把两处的语境相比较,也许能更加准确地猜出词义。?
(5)充分利用你关于所阅读的内容已有的知识。为了巩固阅读过程中的生词,在读完一篇后,你可以把本篇中最重要的生词查一下字典,准确地了解该生词在文中的意思。因为我们训练的篇章都是大纲规定的题材,在真题中也可能会遇到这方面的文章,甚至单词。?
C、推论出段落的`隐含意思
有时,为了某种目的,作者往往不直接说出某一意思,而是含蓄地表达。这种隐含的意思有时是篇章的主要意思。所以阅读短文经常需要推论(making inference)。有时一句话的含义需要推论,有时整个篇章的含义需要推论。以下几条建议可以帮助你进行推论:?
(1)结合作者的思想观点、写作背景进行推论。?
(2)寻找作者直接陈述的诸多事件之间的联系。
(3)仔细体会某些重要词的含蓄意义及其感情色彩。比如politician和statesman的意思都是“政治家”,但前者有贬义的色彩,即“政客”,后者则没有。?
(4)从作者的语气、语调、措辞等文体特征,读出作者的“言外之意”(reading beyond the lines)。?
(5)得出某一推断后,尽量从上下文中寻找证据。?
(6)充分利用自己已有的各方面的知识,把文章中所述的事情和自己的阅历或熟悉的事情联系起来考虑。?
D、预测下文内容
预测下文内容也是提高阅读效率的重要手段。预测与猜测不同。猜测是对自己没有把握的文字意思的假设,预测则是根据已掌握的信息假想下文将会发生什么事情。预测之所以能够提高阅读效率,是因为它使你产生某种“期待”(expectations)。带着这种期待去读下文,你会努力为你的假想寻找证据,你的注意力将更加集中在文中的重要内容上。?
当然,预测也不是随意的,必须根据已经发生的事情或已了解的内容加上你自己的一般常识进行符合逻辑的预测。当你继续阅读下文时,你的预测要么被肯定,要么被否定。无论是肯定还是否定,都会加深你对原文的理解。以下是几条建议:?
(1)如果你对段落的主题思想已有初步的了解,想一想关于这一主题通常要描写哪些方面的事情,这些事情在本文中会发生吗??
(2)运用你的英语语言知识及语言在具体语境中的习惯用法,预测文章将要写什么。?
以上的介绍没有特别将正常阅读和快速阅读分开,是因为无论阅读哪一部分的试题,都会用到。
篇9:英语专八阅读和托福阅读的对比
【1】Located in tropical area at low altitudes, savannas are stable ecosystems, some wet and some dry consisting of vast grasslands with scattered tree or shrubs. They occur on a wide range of soil types and in extremes of climate. There is no simple or single factor that determines if a given site will be a savanna, but some factors seem to play important roles in their formation.
【2】Savannas typically experience a rather prolonged dry season. One theory behind savanna formation is that wet forest species are unable to withstand the dry season, and thus savanna, rather than rain forest, is favored on the site. Savannas experience an annual rainfall of between 1000 and 2000 millimeters, most of it falling in a five-to-eight month wet season. Though plenty of rain may fall on a savanna during the year, for at least part of the year little does, creating the drought stress ultimately favoring grasses. Such conditions prevail throughout much of northern South America and Cuba, but many Central American savannas as well as coastal areas of Brazil and the island of Trinidad do not fit this pattern. In these areas, rainfall per month exceeds that in the above definition, so other factors must contribute to savanna formation.
【3】In many characteristics, savanna soils are similar to those of some rain forests, though more extreme. For example, savanna soils, like many rain forest soils, are typically oxisols (dominated by certain oxide minerals) and ultisols (soils containing no calcium carbonate), with a high acidity notably low concentrations of such minerals as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium, while aluminum levels are high. Some savannas occur on wet, waterlogged soils; other dry, sandy, well-drained soils. This many seem contradictory, but it only means that extreme soil conditions, either too wet or too dry for forests, are satisfactory for savannas. More moderate conditions support moist forests.
【4】Waterlogged soils occur in areas that are flat or have poor drainage. These soils usually contain large amounts of clay and easily become water-saturated. Air cannot penetrate between the soil particles, making the soil oxygen-poor. By contrast, dry soils are sandy and porous, their coarse textures permitting water to drain rapidly. Sandy soils are prone to the leaching of nutrients and minerals and so tend to be nutritionally poor. Though most savannas are found on sites with poor soils (because of either moisture conditions or nutrient levels of both), poor soils can and do support lush rain forest.
【5】Most savannas probably experience mild fires frequently and major burns every two years or so. Many savanna and dry-forest plant species are called pyrophytes, meaning they are adapted in various ways to withstand occasional burning. Frequent fire is a factor to which rain forest species seem unable to adapt, although ancient charcoal remains from Amazon forest soils dating prior to the arrival of humans suggest that moist forests also occasionally burn. Experiments suggest that if fire did not occur in savannas in the Americas, species composition would change significantly. When burning occurs, it prevents competition among plant species from progressing to the point where some species exclude others, reducing the overall diversity of the ecosystem. But in experimental areas protected from fire, a few perennial grass species eventually come to dominate, outcompeting all others. Evidence from other studies suggests that exclusion of fire results in markedly decreased plant-species richness, often with an increase in tree density. There is generally little doubt that fire is a significant factor in maintaining savanna, certainly in most regions.
【6】On certain sites, particularly in South America, savanna formation seems related to frequent cutting and burning of moist forests for pastureland. Increase in pastureland and subsequent overgrazing have resulted in an expansion of savanna. The thin upper layer of humus (decayed organic matter) is destroyed by cutting and burning. Humus is necessary for rapid decomposition of leaves by bacteria and fungi and for recycling by surface roots. Once the humus layer disappears, nutrients cannot be recycled and leach from the soil, converting soil from fertile to infertile and making it suitable only for savanna vegetation. Forests on white, sandy soil are most susceptible to permanent alteration.
★专八作文
★专八答案
文档为doc格式