以下是小编为大家收集的对外汉语教案知识-VS与PK,本文共14篇,希望对大家有所帮助。

篇1:对外汉语教案知识-VS与PK
对外汉语教案知识分享-VS与PK
VS是versus的简写,versus是拉丁文,表示“相对照、相对立”的意思,它的同义词是Against(对抗)。VS这个词及其简写,后来被英文采用,又辗转流人了汉语之中。在英语中,VS是个介词,它有以下三种典型的用法。 1、体育报道中,表示谁跟谁进行比赛。例如:罗马VS国际米兰。 2、一般报道中,表示两个对立的事物。例如:国家安全VS个人自由。 3、法律文书中,表示谁跟谁发生了诉讼。例如:“布朗VS教育会议”案。 一般情况下,VS都可以翻译成“对”,比如可以说:“今晚的球赛是罗马对国际米兰。”但表示两种事物对立的时候,“对”往往无法传达“VS”所包含的“对抗,对立”的意思。有一部关于美国性书大亨的电影,名叫《人民VS拉里・弗林特》,我们翻译成《人民反对拉里・弗林特》,其实不尽准确。因为VS只表示两者对立,并没有说明谁反对谁。当然,要是翻译成《人民对拉里・弗林特》,那就不知所云了。正因为“VS”没有一个确切的汉字与之对应,所以才原装进口过来。 另外,即使在“VS”可以翻译成“对”的场合,人们也更喜欢用这两个字母。因为VS放在汉字中非常醒目,起到了分词的效果,从而给人们的阅读带来了方便。 “VS”进入汉语之后,只继承了英语中的前两种用法。除了“对”这个用法,另一种是在法律文件中,人们一般都把“VS”翻译成“与”。 汉语为什么要借用这个外来的字母组合?有两个原因:第一,汉语一时找不到合适的词翻译它;第二,它有比汉字更直观的.作用。 “VS”从球场到公堂,“对抗”的含义就成了“诉讼”,但在老外的眼里意思依旧,反正球场如公堂,公堂如球场,胜负难说,生死未卜,对抗(抗辩)双方总要你死我活一争雄雌,只不过球场上那你争我夺的肢体语言变成了公堂的舌枪唇剑。“诉讼”一词中国老百姓更喜欢说“打官司”,所以在特定的司法场合,VS就是“打官司”,“打官司”就是VS,在海外的华文报刊上,有时出现《张三VS约翰》的大标题,华洋杂处的中文读者就知道是张三和约翰打官司了。现在国内有些时尚报刊把VS作为“遇上”以及“与”的意思,略显牵强,比如“成龙VS梅丽尔”,一看标题,还以为是成龙“叫板”梅里尔,其实是两人在一起演戏罢了。有些编辑可能对VS的来龙去脉不是特别的清楚,进而“模糊使用”。但万一成龙先生认真起来,要与你VS――打官司的话,那可就吃不了兜着走了。 PK与VS在用法中的微妙区别,大家可以在日常使用中慢慢体会。(来源于:www.mandaringarden.org/chinese/)篇2:对外汉语-教案知识
对外汉语-教案知识分享
如何让学生感到学起来有兴趣呢?这是汉语老师特别关注的实际问题。以前我觉得对初学者来说,就是我怎么教,他怎么学,因此只注意要求让学生听,然后模仿,再不断地开口练习。其结果是使学生们一直处在很被动的地位,课堂上不能产生积极的互动效应,老师学生都感到很累和枯燥无味。 作为教师,充分利用课堂时间,让学生反复操练,加强开口率,是完全正确的。问题的所在是忽视了初学者的心态和潜在的积极性。一个初学者不管他有没有明确的学习目的,都对即将学习的语言有新鲜感,都有踏进汉语门槛的欲望;他们也知道面临的是一个新的挑战,都会希望能成为个胜利者等等。这些都是他们的心态,也正是他们的积极性,是学习好任何一门知识最宝贵的因素。如果忽视了这些积极性,实际上就有可能使其逐渐削弱甚至消失,到那时,你想再调动,就难了。 保护和调动学生的积极性,没有什么特别的招数,就是备课的时候要记住几个原则:1.要千万百计地让学生感到不太难(或者说不是难得不可解决),别把他们吓倒或吓跑;2.引发学生的积极性;3.学生学了一点儿以后就能用一点儿。以上这3点在一节课中也可能无法兼顾得很好,但这是老师在备课中必须要考虑的重要问题。 下面就略谈一下汉语拼音课堂教学的具体问题。 学习汉语拼音很枯燥,因为它只是一个工具而已。但是应该看到它是一个不可缺少的工具,是学汉语的开始,也是学好汉语的基础。掌握了这个工具,对发音,以及以后的深造都有极大的`帮助。所以面对一无所知的初学者也必须要调动他们的积极性,让他们大胆积极地参与。 首先是让他们不要怕读错,敢于张口,大声地唱出声母、韵母和四声。采用带唱、齐唱、单唱、分组唱等,也可用各种教具帮助教学,包括手势等等。总之,在课堂上营造一个较为轻松的,大家相互关心,共同学习的氛围。 二是以各种方式鼓励学生,除了说“好”“很好”以外,还可以表情、手势等让学生感到老师的支持和鼓励。在正音的时候,切忌针对一个学生次数过多,尤其是对性格内向的学生。 第三是要解决学生遇到的难点。汉语拼音教学包括韵母、声母和声调等内容,学习时学生会遇到很多问题,老师要找到产生问题的原因并予以解决。以韵母教学为例,现分别举例说明: 一、单韵母的发音中,学生普遍感到学“弧薄埃椤比菀祝“e”和“u”有点儿难,“ü”难,“o”最难。 有的学生把“e”和英文字母的发音混淆,这样的问题老师常常提醒即可,不属于难点。大多数学生真正的问题是出自不知道发音要领。 例如:读“e”的时候,发出来的是在“弧庇搿埃濉敝间的音,含混不清。怎么解决?其实主要问题在开口度和唇型上。建议教师在示范发音的时候,口部动作要夸张一些,“弧钡淖煺趴度大,“e”则是嘴角稍向左右咧开。让学生明显地看到唇型的不同,唇型不同又很自然地带动了舌、牙部位以及口腔空间的变化;教师也可在黑板上以图示意等等。在授课时,不是教师讲,而是通过实际演示让学生看,再让学生自己试验,通过学生自己体会试验后,使发音得到校正,此时再训练效果要好得多。通过学生参与后初步掌握了发音要领,这样会记得牢,比单纯机械地重复训练要有意思得多。 “u”的发音要注意圆唇,口腔内的各部位不要紧张,那么舌位也会随着唇型的变化自然地就抬高了。同样需要让学生看教师的示范发音或图示。 学习“ü”时,采用从“i”过度到“ü”的方法,因为“i”“ü”的发音除了嘴唇的形状不同以外,其他发音部位完全相同。教师示范后,让学生和自己一起做并体会要领,先读“i”,嘴唇是扁形,再过度到“ü”,嘴唇撮成一个小圆孔(上下唇收缩到一块儿,中间留一个小孔),声音不要间断,只是嘴唇形状在变化;再从“ü”过度到“i”,这样反复几次,学生就有收获了。 “o”的发音很难,学生发出的常常是复合元音“唬铩薄埃铮酢被颉埃酰铩薄T因是学生听不准老师的发音,很难模仿,再仔细观察他们的口型,总是滑动的,所以出现了复合音。因此,第一要让学生听准发音;二是让他们知道单元音的嘴唇稍微拢圆,但是嘴唇是不动的。 记得小学课本上的“o”的卡片上常常画一只大公鸡昂首高唱,金鸡报晓,发出了“o―o―o”的声音,这个对我们很有启发:这个声音很接近“o”的发音,还有口型是不动的。让学生试试,很好玩儿。在这个基础上教师示范和带读,学生就容易掌握了。 二、复合韵母的发音比较容易。单元音的发音是基础,这个基础打好了,复合韵母的发音就不在话下了。从开始的元音不间断地向第二音(第三个音)滑动,开口度大的重读,最后自然地读成一个复合音。学生自己就可以读出了,教师稍加指导即可,学生此时会很有成就感。 三、鼻韵母的发音难点是如何区分前鼻韵母中的“-n”和后鼻韵母中的“-ng”,它们在音节中只是跟在一个或两个元音后面的一个韵尾。教学时,先让学生体会鼻音,闭合口腔的各发音器官,让气流从鼻腔出来,震动声带。 顾名思义,前鼻韵母在发音时舌尖起作用,要抵住上齿龈;后鼻韵母发音时舌根起作用,要抬起,抵住软腭(口腔上部是硬腭,后面就是软腭,再后面是小舌),这就是区别。发音时,如果把大姆指和食指放在鼻梁左右,会有震动感。要让学生自己体会一下。教师带读后,再让学生自己练习有前后鼻韵尾的韵母。练习和辨析发音时,教师可以用手的动作提醒学生前后鼻韵母的舌位:手心朝下伸平后,手指上翘,是前鼻韵母,手心朝下手指向下,手腕拱起,这是后鼻韵母。 总之学生自始至终都是在和教师共同交流和体验中学习,实际上还是老师在指导,学生在学习,却加强了教学的互动性,也加强了学生的参与,解决了学生的难点。 还有一点要说的是,在学习拼音的过程中,总是韵母和声母互相搭配地进行,这样就可以边学习边拼出一些音节(一定是由少到多),教师可根据每次学的声母和韵母拼出与学生生活贴近的音节(词语),让学生知道一些下课就可以说的词语(如爸爸、妈妈、弟弟、哥哥、地图、你、他、读等),学一点就能用一点儿。 以上的做法,可以让学生感到自己是个参与者,并在参与中解决了困难问题,课堂和自己成为一体。学生从无知到有知,增强了成就感,积极性会保持下来的。这不正是老师要达到的目的吗?篇3:PK与VS含义的溯源
关于PK与VS含义的溯源
关于PK与VS含义的文化溯源作者:三峡在线
题记:如今,随着“超级女声”的走红,“PK”一词也火了。随着NBA的深入人心,“VS”一词也是随处可见。
经常有也有问我:“PK”到底是什么意思呢?P代表什么?K 又代表什么?相信很多的人与我一样,一下也说不出一个究竟。
带着这些疑问,今天终于有时间坐下来查查相关资料了。下面就我找到的相关资料与大家分享一下。
一、关于“PK”
1、PK有两个“渊源”
a、是指网络游戏中的玩家之间彼此对打,源于英文Player Killing的缩写;
b、是指足球里的罚点球,也就是penalty kick的缩写,引意为一对一单挑,只有一个人能赢。
2、PK的特点
a、PK把个体的优劣淋漓展现,高下立判;
b、PK反对了传统的大牌沙龙,能够“人尽其才”,优秀便突出;
c、PK真实、直观、明朗,是外界认识个体的优秀途径,从经济观出发,PK符合新消费观,突出了卖点。
3、PK含义的延伸
现在,“PK”一词的使用率急剧上升,甚至出现在一些比较正式的场合。
PK这个词虽跳脱出游戏和足球的范畴不久,但很多的时尚事件很是演绎了PK理念一番,如火如荼的“超级女声”,更是把PK之精神注入千万人 心中,《超级女声终极PK》专辑热卖就是明证。 随着“超级女声”的热播,该节目中一个叫“PK”的环节使这个词也家喻户晓了。“PK”就是两名实力相当的选手进行比拼,最后只有一人胜出,另一人淘汰出局。
现在也有单挑的意思,现在PK一词的含义变得越来越广,有的人甚至连打架斗殴也用PK来形容(个人观点 作者:三峡在线 注)。
二、关于“VS”
一如OK和WC,VS也渐渐成为咱们中国老百姓熟悉的.英语缩写,无论是NBA篮球大战,还是英超足球联赛,电视屏幕上VS总是最先出现在观众的视野里,什么“火箭”VS“湖人”,什么“阿森纳”VS“利物浦”,VS就是那洋汁洋味的“对”字。
1、VS的“渊源”
VS是versus的简写,versus是拉丁文,表示“相对照、相对立”的意思。这个词及其简写,后来被英文采用,又辗转流人了汉语之中。V首当其冲,按英语乃至大多数语言字母缩略的习惯,“老大”肯定是要保留的,而一个单词里有两个S,再怎么也不能把它略去。VERSUS的同义词是AGAINST(对抗),因此我们就可以对这个英语的“对”字有更确切的了解了。
2、VS的三种典型用法
a、体育报道中,表示谁跟谁进行比赛。例如:罗马VS国际米兰。
b、一般报道中,表示两个对立的事物。例如:国家安全 VS个人自由。
c、法律文书中,表示谁跟谁发生了诉讼。例如:“布朗 VS教育会议”案。
VS进入汉语之后,只继承了英语中的前两种用法。在法律文件中,人们一般都把“VS”翻译成“与”。
3、汉语为什么要借用这个外来的字母组合?
大致可以理解成两个原因:
a、汉语一时找不到合适的词翻译它;
b、它有比汉字更直观的作用;
c、VS放在汉字中非常醒目,起到了分词的效果,从而给人们的阅读带来了方便。
以上综合了网络中一些相对成熟的观点,供大家参考,目的是当有人再问起它们的究竟的时候,你也能说上个一二三来!足矣!
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篇4:儒森对外汉语老师 教案知识-珍惜时间
儒森对外汉语老师 教案知识分享-珍惜时间
中国有很多名言是告诉我们要珍惜时间的。比如:明日复明日,明日何其多;少壮不努力老大徒伤悲;一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴等等。 对于“一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴”这句话,“光阴”是时间,为什么要用“寸”来量呢?我查了一下,和大家分享。 这里的光阴用寸来计量,是起源于我国古代的.一种测日影定时刻的计时仪器――日晷。据记载,我国早在汉代以前就已开始用日晷来计时了。日晷由晷盘和晷针组成,晷盘一般为石质,四周刻有子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥等十二个度,用来表示时辰。晷针常为铜质,立于晷面正中垂直于晷面。日晷需在阳光下使用,晷针的日影指向晷盘的哪一位置,便可知道是哪一时刻。遇上有风雨的日子,日晷就不方便使用了。“寸晷”指一寸长的日影,借指小段的时间。“一寸光阴”,就是晷针的影子在晷盘上移动一寸所耗费的时间。 古代诗文中常出现“寸阴”、“寸晷”、“分阴”等词语。如贾岛的“寸晷不相待,四时互如竞”等。唐末诗人王贞白,早年在江西庐山五老峰下的白鹿洞书院读书时,曾写下《白鹿洞诗二首》,其中有“读书不觉春已深,一寸光阴一寸金”的句子,这也是“一寸光阴”的最早出处。 不仅仅在中国,世界也有很多关于珍惜时间的名言。我最喜欢的一句就是马克思说的:“任何节约归根到底是时间的节约。”篇5:地震知识与自救主题班会教案
地震来了,我们应该怎么办?
——地震知识与自救主题班会
九年级一班
一、班会时间:20__年_月_日
二、班会地点:九.一班教室
三、参加人员:全班同学及班主任
四、主持人: 班主任
五、班会主题:地震知识与自救
六、活动目的:
1、通过学谚语和顺口溜,让学生初步了解地震前自然界的异常表现,培养孩子们的观察能力和自我保护意识。
2、孩子们在教师的组织和引导下,演练遇到地震这种突发事件时有秩序地逃生自救的技能,让学生掌握来不及逃离的情况下如何躲避地震伤害的本领,努力把伤害降到最小。
七、活动准备:
各种有关地震防震图片和防震科普宣传画。
八、活动过程:
(一)通过学谚语和顺口溜,让学生初步了解地震前自然界的异常表现,培养孩子们的观察能力和自我保护意识。
震前井水变化的谚语: 井水是个宝,地震有前兆。 无雨泉水浑,天干井水冒。 水位升降大,翻花冒气泡。 有的变颜色,有的变味道。 动物反常情形的谚语:
震前动物有预兆,群测群防很重要。 牛羊骡马不进厩,猪不吃食狗乱咬。 鸭不下水岸上闹,鸡飞上树高声叫。 冰天雪地蛇出洞,大鼠叼着小鼠跑。 兔子竖耳蹦又撞,鱼跃水面惶惶跳。 蜜蜂群迁闹轰轰,鸽子惊飞不回巢。 家家户户都观察,发现异常快报告。
植物在震前也有异常反应,如不适季节的发芽、开花、结果或大面积枯萎与异常繁茂等。
(二)教师讲解有关地震时应注意的问题:
1、家庭应准备好食物、水、手电筒、毛巾、简便衣物、塑料布和简易帐篷、收音机、呼叫机等,对煤气、电闸等做好关闭的应急准备。易燃易爆、剧毒物品不宜放在室内,要妥善安置。较高家俱上不堆放笨重物品。房屋正门、楼道、走廊内不堆放杂物,以利人员疏散。发布临震预报后,家庭成员都要听从当地政府的指挥,按指定路线和地点疏散。
2、地震发生时,如何进行个人防护?
a. 如果你在室内,应就近躲到坚实的家具下,如写字台、结实的床、农村土炕的炕沿下,也可躲到墙角或管道多、整体性好的小跨度卫生间和厨房等处。注意不要躲到外墙窗下、电梯间,更不要跳楼,这些都是十分危险的。
b. 如果你在教室里,要在教师指挥下迅速抱头、闭眼、蹲到各自的课桌下。地震一停,迅速有秩序撤离,撤离时千万不要拥挤。
c. 如果你在影剧院、体育场或饭店,要迅速抱头卧在座位下面;也可在舞台或乐池下躲避;门口的观众可迅速跑出门外或体育场场内。
d. 如果你在室外,要尽量远离狭窄街道、高大建筑、高烟囱、变压器、玻璃幕墙建筑、高架桥和存有危险品、易燃品的场院所。地震停下后,为防止余震伤人,不要轻易跑回未倒塌的建筑物内。
e. 如果你在百货商场,应就近躲藏在柱子或大型商品旁,但要尽量避开玻璃柜。在楼上时,要看准机会逐步向底层转移。
g. 如果你在行驶的汽车、电车或火车内,应抓牢扶手,以免摔伤、碰伤,同时要注意行李掉下来伤人。座位上面朝行李方向的人,可用胳膊靠在前排椅子上护住头面部;背向行李方向的人可用双手护住后脑,并抬膝护腹,紧缩身体。地震后,迅速下车向开阔地转移。
h. 无论在何处躲避,都要尽量用棉被、枕头、书包或其他软物体保护头部。如果正在使用明火,应迅速把明火灭掉。
(三)进行简单的防震演练。
教师哨响发出地震警报,学生迅速躲藏在桌子下面;后教师哨响表示强烈晃动结束,组织学生有秩序地快速撤出教室。(不到2分钟全班师生就按计划撤到达操场空旷处,完成了这次紧急情况的安全疏散任务。)
(四)教师总结:
这次班会,我们知道了很多知识,了解地震时如何有效的避震,如何及时的进行自救,下面我再强调地震时的自救四大常识 :
1.大地震时不要急 。 破坏性地震从人感觉振动到建筑物被破坏平均只有12秒钟,在这短短的时间内你千万不要惊慌,应根据所处环境迅速作出保
障安全的抉择。如果住的是平房,那么你可以迅速跑到门外。如果住的是楼房,千万不要跳楼,应立即切断电闸,关掉煤气,暂避到洗手间等跨度小的地方,或是桌子,床铺等下面,震后迅速撤离,以防强余震。
2.人多先找藏身处。学校,商店,影剧院等人群聚集的场所如遇到地震,最忌慌乱,应立即躲在课桌,椅子或坚固物品下面,待地震过后再有序地撤离。
3.远离危险区。如在街道上遇到地震,应用手护住头部,迅速远离楼房,到街心一带。如在郊外遇到地震,要注意远离山崖,陡坡,河岸及高压线等。 4.被埋要保存体力。如果震后不幸被废墟埋压,要尽量保持冷静,设法自救。无法脱险时,要保存体力,尽力寻找水和食物,创造生存条件,耐心等待救援人员。
篇6:地震知识与自救主题班会教案
所谓就近躲避,就是因地制宜地根据不同的情况做出不同的对策。
学校避震
正在上课时,要在教师指挥下迅速抱头、闭眼、躲在各自的课桌下。 在操场或室外时,可原地不动蹲下,双手保护头部,注意避开高大建筑物或危险物。不要回到教室去。震后应当有组织地撤离。千万不要跳楼!不要站在窗外!不要到阳台上去, 必要时应在室外上课。
家庭避震
地震预警时间短暂,室内避震更具有现实性,而室内房屋倒塌后形成的三角空间,往往是人们得以幸存的相对安全地点,可称其为避震空间。这主要是指大块倒塌体与支撑物构成的空间。
室内易于形成三角空间的地方是:炕沿下、坚固家具附近;内墙墙根、墙角;厨房、厕所、储藏室等开间小的地方。
公共场所避震
听从现场工作人员的指挥,不要慌乱,不要拥向出口,要避免拥挤,要避开人流,避免被挤到墙壁或栅栏处。
在影剧院、体育馆等处:就地蹲下或趴在排椅下;注意避开吊灯、电扇等悬挂物;用书包等保护头部;等地震过去后,听从工作人员指挥,有组织地撤离。
在商场、书店、展览、地铁等处:
选择结实的柜台、商品(如低矮家具等)或柱子边,以及内墙角等处就地蹲下,用手或其他东西护头;避开玻璃门窗、玻璃橱窗或柜台; 避开高大不稳或摆放重物、易碎品的货架;避开广告牌、吊灯等高耸或悬挂物。
在行驶的电(汽)车内:
抓牢扶手,以免摔倒或碰伤; 降低重心,躲在座位附近。地震过去后再下车。
户外避震
就地选择开阔地避震:蹲下或趴下,以免摔倒;不要乱跑,避开人多的地方;不要随便返回室内。
避开高大建筑物或构筑物:楼房,特别是有玻璃幕墙的建筑;过街桥、立交桥;高烟囱、水塔下。
避开危险物、高耸或悬挂物:变压器、电线杆、路灯等,广告牌、吊车等。
避开其他危险场所:狭窄的街道;危旧房屋,危墙;女儿墙、高门脸、雨篷下;砖瓦、木料等物的堆放处。
篇7:地震知识与自救主题班会教案
班会目的:向学生介绍地震的有关知识,使学生能够科学地对待地震。
班会形式:介绍讲解,交流发言
班会过程:
一、地震的成因和分布
二、地震前兆异常
地震前兆异常一般分微观和宏观异常,微观异常是通过现代精密仪器测量分析得出,宏观异常人们能直接观察到,一般指气象和动物异常。但是,前兆异常并非全都由地震引起的,如动物异常也可能与环境的剧烈变化、天敌和病害等有关。因此,对待宏观异常应持慎重态度,并及时向当地政府或地震管理部门报告。常见的异常有:鸡到处飞,猪羊等大牲畜拱圈、乱跑乱窜,狗猫等动物狂叫乱咬;地下水异常;地光明亮而且恐怖;地声强烈而且怪异……
(在介绍地震的成因和分布的过程当中,班级的同学都积极地参与到其中,运用所学的地理等知识来解释,每个同学都发表了自己的意见,气氛热烈。)
三、地震预防知识
1、学习地震知识
(1)学习地震知识可使你在地震时不害怕、不惊慌,避免不必要的伤亡
(2)了解家庭、学校和办公房所处的地质构造情况 (3)掌握基本的地震防御办法 (4)注意身边自然界的异常现象 (5)不要听信和传播地震谣言
2、室内防震措施 (1)高柜要和墙体固定在一起,以免倾倒砸人或堵塞逃生之路
(2)较高的家具上面堆放笨重物品 (3)最危险的是组合家具,可用角铁或结实的木条固定各部分,再和墙体连接,或干脆拆除
(4)固定桌面上的贵重物品,如计算机等。
(5)系紧或加固悬挂物,如灯具、挂钟镜框和厨房用品等。
(6)取下阳台围栏上的花盆、杂物。
(7)卧室,尤其是老人或儿童的卧室尽量少放家具和杂物,尤其不要放高大物品。
(8)有条件的家庭,可设计一个室内避震空间。如重点加固一间居室或在床上增设结实的抗震框架等。
(9)每个家庭成员都要熟悉电、水、气阀门的位置,掌握正确的关闭方法。
(10)不要把易燃、易爆物或农药、有毒物品放在屋内
3、室外防震措施
(1)正门、楼道、走廊不堆放杂物,以利人员疏散。
(2)选择疏散避震的安全场地。场地应就近、宽敞,应避开高大建筑物、电线杆、砖墙、路灯和变压器
(3)发布临震预报的地区,应按政府安排,按指定地点修建临时防震棚。在外期间注意卫生,防火,储备饮用水等,遵守和维护社会秩序
四、总结:
今天,我们了解了有关地震的知识,希望同学们能够科学地对待地震。
班会效果:通过班会同学们了解了有关地震的知识,克服了惧怕地震的心理,掌握了有关地震的防护知识,能够科学地对待地震。
篇8:第一课教案:责任与角色同在,知识导引
第一课教案:责任与角色同在,知识导引
一、学习目标
知识目标:知道责任的含义;知道责任的;懂得人因不同的社会身份而负有不同的责任;懂得每个人应该自己对自己负责;知道负责任的表现和意义,了解不负责任的后果;懂得承担责任会得到回报,但同时也要付出一定的代价;懂得有些责任即使不是自愿选择的,也应尽力承担好;了解不计较个人得失、无私奉献者的事迹。
能力目标:能够分清责任的;能够随着角色的变换,调节角色行为,承担不同的责任;能够对自己负责,也为他人负责;能够正确评估承担责任的代价与回报,作出最合理的选择;能够为自己的选择负责。
情感、态度与价值观目标:明确自身肩负的责任,增强责任意识;愿意为自己的行为负责;对那些为自己、为社会承担责任的人心怀感激之情;有足够的勇气为自己的选择承担相应的责任;以积极的态度承担应该承担的责任;崇敬不言代价与回报、无私奉献的人,努力做一个负责任的公民。
二、知识网络
三、学法点拨
第一框:我对谁负责谁对我负责。
第一目:我的角色我的责任。什么是责任呢?可以说,责任是一个人应当做的事情,也可以说,责任是不应该做某些事情。责任从何而来呢?可以说,责任产生于社会关系中的相互承诺。这种承诺,表现在生活中的方方面面,如来自对他人的承诺、分配的任务、职业的.要求、法律规定、传统习俗、道德原则等。人因不同的社会身份而负有不同的责任。
第二目:谁在对我负责。其一,自己对自己负责。只有对自己负责的人,才能享有真正的自尊,才有资格、有信心、有能力承担起对他人、对社会的责任……诚实守信、自尊自信、自立自强,都是对自己负责任的表现。其二,当你在为别人、为社会承担责任的时候,很多人也在为你的成长和生活承担着责任。在生活中,我们无时无刻不受惠于他人对我们负有的责任。其三,社会是一个整体,人们在社会生活中扮演着不同的角色,承担着不同的责任。自己对他人负责,他人也对自己负责。自己对自己负责,说到底,也就是对他人负责、对社会负责。我们每个人都应该具有责任感。
第二框:不言代价与回报。
第一目:什么代价什么回报。其一,承担责任,往往伴随着获得回报的权利,但同时也是履行自己应尽的义务。要说回报,更重要的是无形的财富,如良好的自我感觉、他人的赞许、获得新的知识或技能等。承担责任是要付出代价的,如时间、精力和金钱,还可能因做得不好而受到责备,甚至受到处罚。其二,在很多情况下,我们可以选择自己承担的责任。对承担责任的代价与回报进行正确的评估,作出最合理的选择。一旦我们作出选择,就应该义无反顾地担当起我们应负的责任。其三,对于人的成长来说,承担责任是自尊自信的表现,是自立自强的必然选择,是走向成熟的重要标志。
第二目:我承担我无悔。其一,有些该做的事情,并不是我们自愿选择的,但我们仍然要为它们承担责任。如果采取抱怨、懈怠等消极态度,同样是缺乏责任心的表现。只要我们把它们当成一种不可推卸的责任担在肩头,全身心地投入,同样能够把事情做得出色。其二,对于承担责任的代价与回报,不同的人有不同的认识。面对责任不言代价与回报,则是那些富有责任心的人共有的情感。其三,在我们的周围,有许许多多这样的人,他们履行社会责任,从来不言代价与回报。正因为有无数的人在不言代价与回报地履行责任,我们的生活才更加安全,更加多彩,更加温暖,更加充满希望。
篇9:《防火知识我知道》大班安全教案与反思
《防火知识我知道》大班安全教案与反思
设计背景
孩子有着强烈的求知欲和好奇心,对熠熠生辉的火光总感到好奇,总喜欢睁大眼睛盯着看。然而由于年龄的限制和生活经验的缺乏,他们不了解防火知识,不懂得安全用火,常常因为好奇和贪玩,致使小火成大灾,酿成无可挽回的悲剧。我们必须根据日常生活中常遇到的问题和孩子常犯的错,有选择地教会他们一些实用的`知识,增强幼儿防火意识,提高幼儿防火能力,对保护幼儿生命安
活动目标
1、让幼儿了解防火知识,懂得火不能玩,有基本的安全知识。
2、让幼儿了解火灾发生的几种简单原因,懂得如何防范。
3、初步掌握几种自救逃生的方法及技能,提高自我保护能力
重点难点
重点:了解防火知识,懂得火不能玩,有基本的安全知识。
难点:初步掌握几种自救逃生的方法及技能,提高自我保护能力。
活动准备
消防标志,火灾逃生视频,儿歌视频。
活动过程
一、出示消防标记,介绍11.9是消防日 。
1.认识火警电话119
创设情景表演(新年到了,思思和东东好高兴,两个人在一堆稻草旁放鞭炮,玩着玩着,突然草堆冒起浓烟了,他大叫起来:“不好啦,着火了!”)
(1)讨论 “你怎么知道着火了?”
(2)着火了我们该怎么办呢?
重点教育幼儿,尽最大能力离开火源,找大人寻求帮忙。同时出示119图片 ,介绍11.9是消防日,同时告诉幼儿119是火警电话。因为小朋友年龄还小,当有火灾时,要赶快离开火源,告诉大人请他们帮忙。
二、大火烧起来浓烟滚滚,火势冲天,会把所有的东西都烧光,甚至会把人烧死,是多么危险呀,那我们在生活中应当怎样做才能避免火灾的发生呢?引导幼儿说出预防火灾的方法,认识“防火”标志。(附属图片,加深认识)
1.预防火灾,小朋友们不能随便玩火。
2.不玩插座、插头和电线。
3.不能随便燃放烟花爆竹。
4.提醒爸爸不乱扔烟头。
5.认识“严禁烟火”,安全出口,灭火器等标记。
三、学习火灾逃生
1、观看视频。
2、讨论逃生的初步方法方法 。
首先要有秩序,要用湿毛巾捂住嘴巴预防烟呛。
3、幼儿练习逃生的方法。
四、播放消防知识儿歌结束。
教学反思
一、安全是幼儿园的头等大事,消防安全更是重中之重。幼儿生活是多姿多彩的,安全教育也应把握时机。两个小朋友春节高兴放鞭炮引起火灾,老师抓住这一生活例子并对幼儿进行了一系列的安全教育,让幼儿在真实情感中感受,更加容易接受。
二、活动中,就幼儿生活经验的几个片断,让幼儿主动探索、寻找日常生活中不能随便说的易引发火灾的物品,并让幼儿自主地说出不能玩的原因。发展幼儿语言表达能力,丰富幼儿安全防火知识,从小培养安全意识。最后,儿歌结束,让幼儿在歌声中熟记防火知识。
三、要提高幼儿的安全质量单靠幼儿园是不够的,需要家长,社会的全体支持。以后我我更加积极的争取到的家长配合,使家长真正成为老师的好帮手,幼儿园的好合作伙伴,为孩子们的发展和健康成长起到最大的作用。
篇10:《获取体育和健康知识的基本途径与方法》教案
一、教材分析
体育作为文化教育的重要组成部分,现在已经成为人们文化生活中不可缺少的内容;健康是人追求的目标和权利,也是人生最为宝贵的财富和为人民服务的前提;掌握体育和健康知识既是每人更好地维护健康和科学健身、增进健康的需要,也是每个人必须具备的文化素养。
初中生获取体育与健康知识的基本途径和方法有:学好体育与健康课程(可以比较系统地学习并掌握体育和健康基础知识、技能的基本途径)、积极参加课余体育文化生活(可以从多种途径学习掌握体育和健康知识及其方法)、充分利用现代媒体(既可以获取体育和健康知识,又可以培养自己应用现代科技手段获取和更新体育与健康知识的能力)。
二、教学目标
1.理解掌握体育与健康知识的意义
2.80%的学生能掌握获取体育与健康知识的主要途径和方法
3.能学会更多的方法学习体育与健康知识
三、教学重点与教学难点
教学重点:
篇11:《获取体育和健康知识的基本途径与方法》教案
教学难点:
如何运用方法学习体育与健康知识
四、教学过程
1、情景导入
伟大的无产阶级思想家、革命家马克思说过:健康是人的第一权利。
提问学生:什么是健康? 什么是体育? 为什么学习体育与健康知识?
2、情景发生
观看NBA篮球赛。
提问:比赛中看到了什么?
小结:外行看热闹,内行看门道,所谓“门道”即体育与健康知识,不具备体育与健康知识就不能够欣赏比赛,不能从中获得乐趣。
巴金的长寿(101岁)和杰出的贡献。
英年早逝者蒋筑英(43岁)的事迹对比,说明健康是人生最为宝贵的财富和为人民服务的前提。
跑步时摔倒的技巧、剧烈运动后喝凉水为什么引起腹痛?出现组织损伤是按揉还是冰敷?等等说明学习体育与健康知识能让我们更加科学地锻炼身体更好地维护身体的健康。
其意义?(请一名学生大声朗读)
提问:我们同学平时是用什么方法学习体育与健康知识?
可能得到的回答:听爷爷奶奶说、看书、上网、老师讲……
请男、女生代表至黑板,看谁写得多,并以五角星奖励,对没有表达出的,教师进行适当启发后补充归纳:
1. 体育与健康课程
2. 家庭体育和健康体育
3. 体育和健康书籍、报刊
4. 体育和健康知识讲座
5. 运动比赛(参加和观赏)
6. 健康检查、体质测定
7. 体育与健康知识咨询
8. 与同学、朋友交流
9. 广播、影视节目
10. 录象和VCD、DVD
11. 计算机数据库、互连网
教师归纳分类获取体育与健康知识的基本三个途径,让学生对其所写方法进行分类
1.学好体育与健康课程
2.积极参加课余体育文化生活
3.充分利用现代媒体
讨论,分组讨论把最喜欢的体育和健康书籍、报纸、电视节目、电视节目主持人和最崇拜的明星评选出来。
2、情景结束
1.教师小结本课内容。
2.布置课后作业:
平时有没注意学习体育与健康知识?
在学习体育与健康知识方面还有哪些不足?
3.在《健康歌》歌声中结束本课教学。
教后记
在学生讨论学习体育与健康的方法时,可改为给学生一分钟每人都写,然后推介一代表板书,男女生比赛轮流写,不可写相同的,教师可适时帮助将学生想不到的启发引导
此次课将会终生难忘,碰到此类学生要灵活机动想办法调动他们的积极性,在课的后半段学生已不那么紧张了,但我却吓的结束部分的歌曲没敢放,怕学生不唱冷场,由次可见我的心理素质也有问题,其实课上完我就想到了高招,但上时面临要改变自己准备多日的教案,底气不足,而教训是改有可能成功,不改只会失败。
A组
你们了解的体育与健康类的书籍有:
其中最喜欢的:
B组
你们了解的体育与健康类的报纸、杂志有:
其中最喜欢的:
C组
你们了解的体育与健康类的电视节目和电视节目主持人有:
其中最喜欢的:
D组
你们崇拜的体育明星有:
其中最崇拜的:
为什么崇拜?
人教版初中体育与健康《体育与机能发展》教案
一、学生特点分析:
学生通过体育和生物课堂学习对体育和人体机能方面的知识略有所知,但是对体育与机能发展就很生疏了。为了使学生更好的锻炼身体,促进生长发育和提高机能,学生需要了解身体机能发育的特点和为什么体育锻炼能够发展身体机能,从而培养他们的体育兴趣,为以后的体育锻炼及终身体育打下坚实的基础。
二、教学内容分析:
人体的运动能力可以体现在肌肉力量、运动速度、耐力、灵敏、柔韧等多方面,人们若想通过科学的体育锻炼提高自身生理机能的发展,就必须了解影响人体运动能力的生理基础和发展运动能力的方法。
1、什么是身体机能
2、初中阶段身体机能发育的特点
3、为什么体育锻炼能够发展身体机能
4、发展身体机能应注意的事项
三、教学目标:
1、让学生了解与身体机能有关的知识,对自己的身体机能进行客观的评价。
2、使学生了解身体机能发育的特点,明白体育锻炼能够促进身体机能的发展。
3、学会在发展身体机能中的注意事项。
四、教学重点、难点分析:
重点:体育锻炼对运动系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统的影响。
难点:激发学生体育锻炼的兴趣和发展身体机能时的注意事项。
五、教学课时:2课时
六、教学过程:
导入新课:
利用人体生理图片让学生思考:为什么体育锻炼能够发展我们的身体机能?运动能力是人体进行体育活动的基础,而人体进行锻炼也是为了提高包括运动能力在内的各种身体机能。人体的运动能力可以体现在肌肉力量、运动速度、耐力、灵敏、柔韧等多方面,只有通过科学的体育锻炼提高自身生理机能的发展,才能提高人体运动能力和发展人体的技能。
(一)、什么是身体机能?
身体机能是指人的整体及组成的各器官,系统所表现出来的生命活动。
(二)、初中学生身体机能发育的特点:
教师介绍初中阶段身体机能发育的特点。身体机能发育在不同年龄段,安静心率、肺活量、血压是不一样的,男女间、城乡间是有差别的;青少年的心肺功能随着年龄的增长而逐步增强(利用多媒体来教学)。
1、初中学生的心跳随着年龄的增长而逐步减少,每分钟大约80次。
2、初中学生呼吸频率随着年龄的递增而逐步减少,每分钟18—22次。
3、初中学生肺活量随着年龄的增长而增加,男生在2500—3000毫升,女生在—3000毫升左右。
4、初中学生血压随着年龄增长而增加,收缩压在14—15千帕,舒张压在8.5—8.8千帕。
把你们的安静心率、肺活量、血压与课本上的数据对照一下,看看自己身体机能发育状况是否良好?(心率、肺活量和血压学校一年一次体检)
(三)、引导学生正确评价自己的身体机能(10——12个学生分成一组讨论)。
(1)学生推荐2——3个同学的测试数据进行分析讲解。
(2)利用经常参加体育锻炼和不爱锻炼的人的安静心率、平时心率和肺活量进行比较,说明体育锻炼可以提高身体机能的发育水平。
(四)、为什么体育锻炼能够发展我们的身体机能。
1、多媒体展示运动员和一般不爱运动的人的身体机能的相关数据。
2、讲解为什么体育锻炼能促进身体机能的发展?
(五)、发展身体机能应注意的事项。(分组讨论,理论与实际相结合,举例说明,教师小结)
1、选择良好的锻炼环境,注意呼吸道卫生。
2、注意正确的呼吸方法,即动作和呼吸正确配合,屈体动作应呼气,挺身动作应吸气,避免做过多屏气(讲解、示范呼吸方法,让学生进行练习)。
3、不要进行过多的力量性和静力性练习,运动项目要丰富,如健身操、跑步、羽毛球、网球和游泳等。
4、使学生学会控制运动时间和强度。
七、课堂练习:(多媒体显示,一个组一道题分组讨论,指定1——2人回答,教师小结)
1.请分析下蹲练习中的呼气和吸气的过程。
2.从下面练习中选择1——2种提高心肺功能的最佳练习方法:踢足球、短跑、健身操、打篮球、长跑、蹲马步、引体向上和跳高。
3.描述身体机能常用的指标有哪些?(安静心率、肺活量、收缩压、舒张压)
4.在跑步中怎样养成正确的呼吸方法?
5.发展身体机能的练习中最忌讳的是什么?(过多的力量性、静力性练习和练习中过多的屏气)
八、作业安排:
1.你觉得体育锻炼对自己的身体机能有哪些好处?
2. 选择适当的锻炼方法提高你的心肺功能。
九、教学反思:
通过学习学生哪些方面有提高?
(1)掌握了科学锻炼身体的一些方法
(2)学生对身体机能的测试很感兴趣,调动了学生的积极性
(3)激发了学生讨论的热情,学会了倾听他人发言、尊重他人和独立思考
篇12:校本课程 太极拳入门知识与实践 第二课时 备课 教案
校本课程 太极拳入门知识与实践 第二课时 备课 教案
太极拳入门知识与实践 备课 第二课时 时间: ,3,8 地点: 体操房 出席情况: 教学目标 1. 要求学生了解杨氏太极和陈氏太极拳主要特点。 2. 了解什么叫站桩。 3. 初步了解拳式呼吸。 4. 学习起势、左右野马分鬃、白鹤亮翅、左右搂膝拗步、手挥琵琶。 教学过程: 一、对30位同学进行分组。 分成4排。 二、纪律要求 1、 老师授课时要安静认真听讲,保证听课效果。 2、 加强运动安全意识。在做有关基本功练习和学习相关招式时要循序渐进,防止关节和韧带拉伤。对于技击性的动作以自我体会为主,用意不用力,或者做到点到为止,不可肘、靠发力。 3、 穿宽松的衣裤,平跟软底运动鞋。 4、 不可无辜缺席。不得已时要提前请假。 三、主要手型介绍。 1、 掌 2、 拳 3、勾 四、主要步型介绍 1、 马步 2、 弓步 3、 仆步 五、预备式 双腿站立,平稳呼吸。 讲解太极拳的呼吸方式。 从自然呼吸慢慢过渡到到拳式逆呼吸的`过度。 1、 自然呼吸 2、 拳式逆呼吸 3、 呼吸要深、缓。不可憋气。 六、起势 1、 站立转马步 2、 马步要领:立身中正,虚领顶劲,含胸拔背,塌腰,松胯,沉肩坠肘,气沉丹田。上虚下实,意念放松。练太极是一个求软摧僵的过程,练出似弹簧般的张力,全身精气膨胀 七、左右野马分鬃、白鹤亮翅 八、左右搂膝拗步、手挥琵琶。 九、课后作业 回顾本节课讲授的内容,利用活动课练习站桩和呼吸。 (动作详解见博客中简易太极拳英文解释部分)。篇13:《烛之武退秦师》知识与能力训练教学教案
《烛之武退秦师》知识与能力训练教学教案
一.有关知识
1.史书体例
①编年体:按年月日顺序编写成的史书。《春秋》是我国最早的编年体史书。《左传》是我国第一部详细完整的编年体史书。因为《左传》和《公羊传》《谷梁传》都是为解说《春秋》而作,所以它们被称为“春秋三传”。
《左传》以《春秋》的记事为纲,以时间先后为序,详细地记述了春秋时期各国内政外交等大小事实(起于鲁隐公元年,终于鲁哀公二十七年)。记事比《春秋》详备具体(字数近二十万,超过《春秋》本文的十倍)。
②国别体:先分别不同国家,再在一国之内按时间先后编写的史书。我国最早的国别体史书是《国语》。《战国策》也是国别体史书。
③纪传体:以人物传记为中心所编写的史书。
《史记》(原名《太史公书》)是我国第一部纪传体通史。它记载了上起传说中的皇帝,下迄汉武帝太初四年约三千年的历史情况。
2.学法指导:
①本文情节波澜起伏:
初,秦晋大军压境,郑国危在旦夕,气氛十分紧张。佚之狐推荐烛之武,使郑国获得了一线生机。可烛之武因长期得不到重用而“辞”,又使郑国的希望趋于渺茫。但面对烛之武的牢骚与愤慨,郑伯不但没有生气,而且引以自责,终使烛之武答应了此事。凭着烛之武的说辩才能,秦军退兵。本可松一口气,可晋大夫子犯又建议攻打秦军,秦晋关系顿时紧张起来,而晋侯的一番言辞又使之得以平息。这种时张时弛的情节,牢牢吸引着读者,我们需认真品味,并在写作上加以借鉴。“文似看山不喜平”,切中肯綮。
②“晋侯,秦伯围郑,以其无礼于晋”的原因。
鲁僖公四年十二月,晋献公听信宠妃骊姬的谗言,逼迫太子申生自缢而死,又企图谗言重耳、夷吾二公子,重耳外逃。下面是公子重耳“过郑”一段。
及郑,郑文公亦不礼焉。[郑文公:郑国的君主,名捷。]叔詹谏曰:[叔詹:郑国的大夫,执政有贤名。]“臣闻天之所启,人弗及也。[天之所启:上天所开导、赞助的人。启,开。弗及:赶不上。]晋公子有三焉,天其或者将建诸?[有三焉:有三件不同寻常的事(可以看出是天意来)。天其或者将建诸:上天或者要树立他吧?其,表推测的语气。建,建立、树立。诸,“之乎”的合音。]君其礼焉![君其礼焉:您还应该以礼相待。其,表示劝告的语气助词。]男女同姓,其生不蕃,[男女同姓,其生不蕃:中国古代有同姓不婚的说法,认为夫妻同姓,所生的后代不能蕃盛。蕃,繁盛。]晋公子,姬出也,[姬出也:指重耳的父母都姓姬。]而至于今,一也;[而至于今:却能活到今天。]离外之患,而天不靖晋国,殆将启之,二也;[离外之患:遭到出亡在外的患难。离,同“罹”,遭遇。外,指出奔在外。靖:安定,平定。这里用作动词。殆:大概。启之:赞助他为君。这里是说晋国不安定,是上天为重耳开辟一条回国为君的'路。]有三士足以上人而从之,三也。[三士:据《国语》,三士指狐偃、赵衰和贾佗。贾佗,也是跟从重耳一起出亡的人。上人:超出他人之上。]晋、郑同侪,其过子弟,固将礼焉;[晋、郑同侪(chái):晋国和郑国都是同等地位的国家。侪,辈、类。子弟:这里指重耳是晋国国君的儿子。固将礼焉:本来就应以礼相待。固,本来、本应。]况天之所启乎?”弗听。
[译文]
到了郑国,郑文公也没有以礼相待。(郑国大夫)叔詹劝谏(文公)说:“我听说上天所赞助的人,常人是不能赶上他的。晋公子身上有三件不寻常的事(可以看出天意来),上天或者要树立他(为君)吧?您还是以礼接待吧!同姓的男女结婚,他们生的孩子不会旺盛,晋公子重耳,父母都姓姬,而他却一直活到今天,这是其一;(晋公子)遭遇流亡在外的灾难,上天却不让晋国安定下来,大概是(上天)正替重耳开辟一条路,(使他有机会回去做国君),这是其二;晋公子有(狐偃、赵衰、贾佗)三个足以胜过一般人的贤士跟随他,这是其三。晋国和郑国是同等地位的国家,晋国的公子路过郑国,我们本来就应好好地接待。何况(晋公子)又是上天所赞助的人呢?”(郑文公)不听(叔詹的劝告)。
二.能力训练
1.下列句子中红色字用法与其它三项不同的一项是
A、公从之 B、何厌之有
C、子犯请击之 D、许之
2.对下列句子中红色字的意义判断正确的一项是
┏①今急而求子 ┏③无能为也已
┗②子亦有不利焉 ┗④且君尝为晋君赐矣
A、①与②相同,③与④不同
B、①与②相同,③与④相同
C、①与②不同,③与④不同
D、①与②不同,③与④相同
以下各题,分别与例句中红色字的意思相同的项是
3.以乱易整
A、以其无礼于晋 B、夜则以兵围所寓舍
C、皆以美于徐公 D、以三保勇而多艺
4.失其所与
A、与郑人盟 B、公与之乘
C、蹇叔之子与师 D、与赢而不助五国也
5.微夫人之力不及此
A、夫晋,何厌之有 B、则亦知夫病者所见非鬼
C、其夫呓语 D、一夫不耕,或受之饥
6.下列红色词语的意义和用法解释错误的一项是
A、晋军函陵,秦军汜南(驻军,名词作动词)
B、夜缒而出(用绳绑住身体,名词作状语)
C、阙秦以利晋(使……得利,使动用法)
D、秦伯说,与郑人盟(结盟,名词作动词)
7.下列句子中,没有通假字的一项是
A、寒暑易节,始一反焉
B、行李之往东,共其乏困
C、秦伯说
D、既东封郑
8.下列红色的词与现代汉语意义相同的一项是
A、若郑亡而有益于君,敢以烦执事
B、微夫人之力不及此
C、亦去之
D、行李之往来,共其乏困
9.下列各句,省略的词语解说有误的一句是
A、许之(省略了主语“烛之武”)
B、敢以烦执事(“以”后省略了宾语“之”)
C、晋军函陵(“晋军”后省略了谓语“驻扎”)
D、君所知也(省略了主语“此”)
10.下列语句在文中的意思,正确的一项是
若亡郑而有益于君,敢以烦执事
A、如果让郑国灭亡而对您有利,那就冒昧地拿亡郑这件事麻烦您。
B、假若使郑国灭亡有益于您,那怎敢麻烦您呢!
C、如果灭亡的郑国对您还有益处,那就冒昧地拿亡郑这件事麻烦您。
D、倘若让郑国灭亡而对您有益处,那就不敢再麻烦您了。
课外阅读
《刘公嘉话》云:岛( )赴举京师,一日于驴上得句云岛宿池边树僧敲月下门( )欲着“推”字,欲着“敲”字,练之未定。( )于驴上吟哦,时时引手作推敲之势。时□□吏部权京兆,岛不觉冲至第三节。左右拥至尹前,岛具对所得诗句云云。韩立马很久,谓岛曰:“作敲字佳( )。”<甲>遂与并辔归。<乙>留连论诗,与为布衣之交。
注释:
①赴举:去考进士 ②练:用心琢磨使词句精美
③权:代理 ④京兆:京师的地方长官
⑤第三节:仪卫队伍的第三部分
⑥并辔:骑马一同走
⑦留连:多时不离开
11.“岛”是指唐朝诗人________,他在《__________》一诗中有“只在此山中,云深不知处”之句。
12.□□处是指唐代著名文学家______________,他以其气势雄健的散文著称于世,他与同时代的柳宗元同为“____________”之首。
13.对文中红色的“着、势、尹、对”解释完全正确的一组是
A、用,情势,府尹,对答
B、着落,姿势,府尹,正确
C、用,姿势,京兆尹,回答
D、接触到,气势,京兆尹,对付
14.对文中划线句标点正确的一项是
A、一日,于驴上得句云:“鸟宿池边树,僧敲月下门”。
B、一日,于驴上得句,云,“鸟宿池边树;僧敲月下门”。
C、一日于驴上得句云:“鸟宿池边树,僧敲月下门”。
D、一日于驴上得句,云:鸟宿池边树,僧敲月下门。
15.文中有六个括号,它们均是虚词,依次填写全部正确的一项是
A、初、始、而、遂、哉、而
B、始、初、又、遂、耳、矣
C、始、初、而、才、矣、以
D、初、始、又、遂、矣、而
16.选出与“时时引手作推敲之势”一句中的“引”字意义和用法相同的一项是
A、君子引而不
篇14:必修4 unit 1 Advertising 全单元的知识讲解与练习(译林牛津版高一英语必修四教案教学设计)
话题领悟
一. 背景导入
Some slogans for advertisements
1. Good to the last drop. 滴滴香浓,意犹未尽。(麦斯威尔咖啡)
2. Obey you thirst. 服从你的渴望。(雪碧)
3. The new digital era. 数码新时代。(索尼影蝶机)
4. Take time to indulge. 尽情享受吧!(雀巢冰激凌)
5. Poetry in motion, dancing close to me. 动态的诗,向我舞近。(丰田汽车)
6. Just do it. 只管去做。(耐克运动鞋)
7. The taste is great. 味道好极了。(雀巢咖啡)
8. Feel the new space. 感受新境界。(三星电子)
9. Intelligence everywhere. 智慧演绎, 无处不在。(摩托罗拉手记)
10. The choice of a new generation. 新一代的选择。(百事可乐)
11. Let’s make things better. 让我们做得更好。(飞利浦电子)
12. No business too small, no problems too big. 没有不做的小生意,没有解决不了的大问题。(IBM公司)
二. 自主探究
1.Where can ads be found? How do people react to ads?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the basic principles and function of advertisements?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Do all the ads make profits? If not, could you please show us your explanation?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
课堂演练
Reading
一.快捷识记
1. We are so used to them that we often do not even realize how many we see and hear in a day. 我们已经对广告习以为常了,以至于我们常常忽略了一天看过或听过多少广告。
在So + adj. / adv. / v. + that…. 结构中,平时较为见的是so后面加形容词或副词,本句的结构中的so是对be used to something / doing something这一动词短语的修饰。
He was so happy that he even jumped up and down.
他是如此的高兴以至于都上窜下跳了。
The boy ran so quickly that his mother couldn’t catch up with him.
那男孩跑得如此之快以至于他的妈妈都赶不上他。
The good news so excited the crew that they set sail at once.
这个好消息使全体船员如此的激动以至于他们马上就起航了。
2. An advertisement provides information and uses persuasive language and exciting images to encourage people to buy a product or service or believe in an idea. 为了达到鼓动人们消费或对他们的产品信任的目的,广告通常提供一些信息或使用说服性的语言或是激动人心的画面。
该句的谓语部分连用了三个并列的动词短语,后又连用了三个目的状语,形成了一定的排比气势。Provide information / use persuasive language / use exciting images是三个并列谓语短语,buy a product / buy s service / believe in an idea 是三个并列的目的。
provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb 向某人提供某物,供应
The management will provide food and drink.
= The management will provide the staff with food and drink.
= The management will provide food and drink for the staff.
管理部门将给全体员工提供饮食。
persuasive 是动词persuade(说服, 劝说)的形容词,意为 “有说服力的, 劝导性的”
He tried to persuade him with a persuasive speech, but failed.
他试图用一次充满说服力的演讲来说服他,但却失败了。
3.A commercial advertisement is one which someone has paid for to promote a product or service. 商业广告是为了推销某种产品或服务而支付费用的广告。
句中one指代的是advertisement,引导的定语从句用来修饰advertisement。
“promote” 在该句中意为“推销,促销”此外,promote还有“提升策划”之意。
How can we promote the sale of this kind of product?
我们如何推销这种产品呢?
The young army officer was promoted to captain。
这位年轻的军官被提升为上尉。
These days the students’ Union are promoting an English Speech Competition.
这些天学生会正在策划一场英语演讲比赛。
4. PSAs are often placed for free, and are intended to educate people about health, safety, or any other issue which affects public welfare. 公益广告常常不计任何回报,他们的目的是就健康,安全,或其他影响公共利益等社会问题对人们进行教育。
place 在此句中意为“安排”,即arrange;
intend to do = plan to do / in order to do
I don’t intend to listen to this rubbish any longer!
我在也不想听这种无稽之谈了!
intended 意为“计划的,打算的,意欲的”,即“planned/ meant/ desired”
issue = important topic for discussion, point in question 问题, 议题
affect = have an influence on 对…有影响
welfare=care for the safety and health意为公共福利,健康。
Parents are responsible for the welfare of their children.
父母要对孩子的年个幸福负责。
5. China has strong laws to protect people from advertisements that lie or try to make people believe untrue claims about products or services.为保护人们免受虚假广告欺骗或是受到不真实的产品或服务承诺的欺骗,国家制定了强有力的法律措施。
strong 在此意为powerful “强有力的”
protect… from….意为保护….免受….
He stayed under the shade to protect himself from the sun.
claim vt 声称,自称,索取,要求
claim sth claim to be claim that
There is a man at the gate claiming to be a journalist.
门口有位自称是记者的人。
The terrorists claimed that they were responsible for the bombing.
恐怖分子声称对此次爆炸事件负责。
He claimed to be the manager of this department。
他要求成为这个部门的经理。
6. We must not fall for this kind of trick. 我们(消费者)不能跌入这样的(消费广告)陷阱。
fall 在此句中意为“be cheated or be played trick on”
fall 还有意思为“失去地位或垮台”
The government fell after the revolution。
fall还可以作为联系动词,相当于become/turn
She fell silent at the key moment, thus the talk broke down half way.
在关键时刻她突然变得默不作声,这让和谈半途而费。
7. PSAs are meant to teach us and help us lead better lives. 公益广告的目的是教育我们帮助我们生活得更好。
be mean to = be planned to do ,mean to do sth 意思是“打算干某事”
We meant to help you,but had no time indeed。
我们蹦打算帮助你的,但确实没有时间。
mean sth / doing sth 意思是“意指某事,意思是”
She often say something bitter though she means no harm。
她虽然经常说一些挖苦性的话,但她确实没想伤害任何人。
8. China began a nationwide public service advertising campaign in 1996, and since then numerous PSAs have appeared around the country. 中国在96年展开了一场公共广告服务的运动,从那时候起,大量的公益广告在全国涌现。
nationwide = all over the nation
campaign = series of planned activities with a particular social aim “运动”
an advertising campaign 广告宣传运动 / an election campaign 竞选运动
numerous= very many
on numerous occasions 无数次
9. We all want to be smart about what we believe, so be smart about advertisements!
我们都不轻易相信任何东西,因此也应该小心提防商业广告中的陷阱。
此句中的“be smart about”= be careful about / look out for
二.随堂过关
1. We won’t think any of his remarks no matter how __________ they turn out to be.
A. persuading
B. persuaded
C. persuasive
D. persuade
2. I ________ to go out for a walk but the ________ decision was canceled(取消) because of the rain.
A. intend; intending
B. intended; intended
C. intending; intended
D. was to intend; intending
3. The little rabbit __________ of the danger and disappeared in the bush.
A. be aware
B. was aware
C. aware of
D. aware
4. He does __________ help and ________ no harm.
A. mean to; means
B. meant; mean
C. mean to; meaning
D. to mean; meant
5. As they went near the zoo the day _______ dark.
A. turn
B. turning
C. was falling
D. fell
阅读延伸
用所给单词的正确形式填空
Nowadays whenever you are on the website, (1)___________ advertisements are being kicked here and there. Most of us are so (2)__________ the phenomenon(现象) that they often consider them as (3)______________. In fact, an advertising (4)___________ is (5)_____________ trick careless readers. In order to (6)_________ its product, and to persuade (7)_____________ into buying its product, they pay to design all types of exciting pictures and (8)_____________ speeches. Many of the (9)____________ may (10)_______ for this kind of trick.
Word power
一.快捷识记
常见后缀
1.名词后缀
(1) -er表示“从事某种职业的人,某地区的人” banker, villager, Londoner.
(2) –or,表示“…者” doctor, operator, inventor. …2.形容词后缀
-able, comfortable, valuable,movable
-ish, foolish, selfish boyish
-ful, helpful, wonderful, beautiful
-ine, marine, feminine, masculine
(3) 动词后缀
-ize, modernize, organize
-en, quicken, weaken, soften, harden
-fy, beautify, simplify
(4)副词后缀
-ly, possibly, simply
-ward, downward, upward
-wise, otherwise, clockwise
-ways, always, sideways
1. The boss of the company needs a lot of information about the sales and marketing of the product. 公司的老板需要知道关于产品的销售和市场规划方面的消息。
information是不可数名词,类似的不可数名词还有knowledge, news等
marketing是名词,
2. … will present the information from their market research to the boss. (销售经理)将把从时常调查中所获得的信息呈送给老板。
present sth to sb = present sb with sth 意为“将某物赠送给某人”
He presented all his toys to other poor children.
= He presented the other poor children with all his toys.
他把自己所有的玩具都赠送给那些贫穷的孩子们。
3. … the one which is expected to be most popular with consumers. (该产品)被预计是最受消费者欢迎的一种产品。
be expected to = expect… to … 预料,期望
He is expected to be a scientist in the future.
= People expect him to be a scientist in the future.
人们期望他将来能成为一名科学家。
be popular with 受欢迎
Snoopy is popular with the children in China.
在中国,史努比很受孩子们的欢迎。
4.If they want to become the market leader, the company must ensure that their product is of high quality. 如果公司的产品想在市场(份额)上走在前列,公司必须确保他们产品的高质量。
ensure意为 “确保, 担保” = make sure
I can ensure that the computer is working well and there’s no need to fix it.
我能确信这台电脑运行良好,没有必要修理。
ensurance 是ensure的名词形式,意为 “保险”
the ensurance company 保险公司
be of high quality = qualified “高质量的,有素质的”
be of value = valuable 有价值的
be of (great) importance = (very) important 重要的
二.随堂过关
1. In modern society, the more _______ you own, the more _____ you shall get every day.
A. knowledges; informations;
B. knowledge; information;
C. knowledges; information;
D. knowledge; informations
2. The captain ________ him ________ a medal for his special contribution ____ the navigation(航海).
A. offer; to; for
B. present; for; to
C. presented; with; to
D. offered; to; to
3. Classic music is popular ______ those who have a good knowledge of music.
A. to B. for C. with D. on
4. The album(相册)is ___________ to me as it keeps a record of my childhood life.
A. of great valuable
B. with very value
C. for great value
D. of great value
5. He __________ the safety of the ship before set sail across the ocean.
A. ensured B. ensures C. has ensured D. had ensured
Grammar and usage
一.快捷识记
(一)陈述句
如果引述的句子原来是一个陈述句,在变成间接引语时要注意以下几点:
1.在引语的开头用连词that
He said: “Mother, sister is in her room.”
→ He told his mother that sister is in her room.
2. 根据意思改变人称
He said to me: “I have left my book in your room.”
→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.
3. 注意引语中的谓语与句子主要谓语在时态上一致
Mary said , “I;m getting on well.”
→ Mary said that she was getting on well.
4. 根据意思将指示代词,地点及时间状语等作必要的变动
在直接引语中 在间接引语中
指示代词 this
these
now
today that
those
then
that day
表时间的词 this week (month,etc.)
Yesterday
last week (month, etc.)
two days (a year, etc.) ago
the day before yesterday
tomorrow
next week(month, etc.)
the ay after tomorrow that week(month, etc)
the day before
the week(month, etc.) before
two days(a year, etc.) before
two days before
the next (following) day
the next (following) week (month, etc)
two days after
in two days’ time
表地点的词 here there
动词 come go
二 特殊疑问句
在引述一个特殊疑问句时,连词that 是永远不能用的。除了注意人称,状语等的变更和时态的一致之外, 还要注意把引语的语序变为陈述句语序。
Mr Smith asked, “What’s your name?”
→ Mr Smith asked what my name was.
She asked, “How are you getting along?”
→ She asked us (them ) how we (they) were getting along.
三 一般疑问句
如果直接引语是一个一般疑问句或反意疑问句时,通常用whether或if引导,而引述选择疑问句时,只能用whether引导。
He asked, “ Are you sure your mother will come?”
→ He asked whether(if) I was sure my mother would come.
He asked: “ Are you a teacher or a student?”
→ He asked me whether I was a teacher or a student.
四 祈使句
引述祈使句通常用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。引述表示命令的祈使句,常用动词order, tell, warn ; 引述表示请求的祈使句常用动词ask, beg; 引述表示建议劝告的祈使句常用动词advise等
He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.”
→ He asked me to go there again tomorrow.
He said, “Don’t do that again.”
→ He told me not to do that again.
He said, “Do have a look yourself first.”
→ He advised me to have a look myself first.
二.随堂过关
句型转换(每空只能填一个词)
1. “Why did you come so late?” Mr Smith asked me.
Mr Smith wanted to know _____ _____ _____ ______ so late.
2. Xiao Li said to me, “I joined the Party in 1980.”
Xiao Li _____ me that _____ ______ the Party in 1980.
3. “Can I make you a cup of coffee?” she asked.
She asked _____ ______ _____ ______ ______ a cup of coffee.
4. He said, “It was completed a year ago.”
He said it _____ _____ ______ a year ______.
5. Mike said, “I’m starting the work the day after tomorrow.”
Mike said _____ ______ _____ _____ the work ____ _____ _____ ______.
6. He said, “Don’t look up any words.”
He _____ _____ ______ ______ look up any words.
7. “Please keep quiet.” the teacher said.
The teacher _____ ______ _____ keep quite.
8. “ Is this book yours or his?” the teacher asked.
The teacher asked ______ _____ _____ was _____ or his.
Task
一.快捷识记
1. The price has gone up by 5 percent. 价格上涨了5%。
go up 意为“上涨,上升”,意为“下降”
It doesn’t matter to me whether the price go up or down。价格的涨跌与我无关。
by后加表示幅度性的量词
He is older than his little brother by 6 years.
The English edition of the book is more expensive than the Chinese one by 2 yuan.
2. There was no change. The figure / percentage remained/stayed the same.,没有任何变化发生。销售额或百分比保持不变。
上述句子中,remain 和stay都是联系动词,后多加名词,形容词作表语。
In order to remain healthy, he takes exercise every morning. 为了保持身体健康,他每天都进行早锻炼。
remain 和stay 还可以作实意动词使用。
The teacher asked me to remain after school.老师让我放学后留下来。
He stayed at home during the Christmas as it was raining hard outside.
由于一直在下雨,他圣诞节没有外出。
You should stay calm when you are in danger. 遇到危险时要保持冷静。
3. The figure started off at 20 and ended up at 230. 销售额最初是20最后以230结束。
start off意为 “开始”,相当于begin
It is impossible to stop him talking once he starts off. 他一打开话匣子就停不住了。
end up at…/ end up in…/ end up with…end up后加不同的介词(或介词短语),可表示不同的意义,但都有 “以…结束”的意思。
He ended up in the prison.他最终在监狱里了度余生。
He ended up his speech with a charming song.他用一首动人的歌结束了他的演讲。
He end up stealing. 他最终沦落为小偷。
4. The sales figures vary between 40 and 50 percent . 销售份额从40%到50%不等。
vary between… and …. = vary from … to…表示从…到…不等, 在…范围内浮动/变化
The age of my classmates varies from 17 t o19.
5. The figure peaked at 5,000 at the end of the year.销售额在年底达到了最高峰5000。
peak在此句中是动词, 意为 “达到高峰, 达到最高值”
peak还可作名词,意为“尖顶,山峰”
The plane flew over the snow-covered peaks.飞机在积雪的山峰上飞过。
at the end of the year “在年底”, 是一个过去时间; 而by the end of the year则表示的是一段时间, 意为”到年底为止”, 一般句中要用完成时态。
The y will have finished half of the .project by the end of the year. 到年底为止他们将完成工程的一半。
6. However, we need to keep some design features of the existing packaging to make sure that the ChocoLoco bar does not look completely different from our company’s other products. 然而,我们有必要保持原有包装的一些设计特点,防止新包状完全脱离我们公司的其他产品外观。
design feature设计特点, design原本是名词表示“设计”,在这里作定语;
exist是不及物动词, existing为形容词, 意为存在的, 现有的
look different from = be different from与….不同
She is different from her mother in appearance.
= She differs from her mother in appearance.
二.随堂过关
1. If you go on stealing, you’ll ________ in the prison.
A. end
B. end up with
C. end with
D. end up
2. The ______ of the mountains are the highest in this area, and thus no one can reach them.
A. top
B. peaks
C. peak
D. peaking
3. If you take away five of the apples, another five will ______.
A. remained
B. remains
C. be remained
D. remain
4. Whether the price will _______ or down remains to be seen.
A. rise up
B. go up
C. be up
D. go
5. Nothing may ______ on earth if there’s no air and water.
A. happen
B. exist
C. existing
D. exists
Project
一.快捷识记
1. Have you ever thought of laughing an ad campaign about social concerns? 你是否想过开展一项关于社会问题的运动?
laugh 在此句中意为“开展,发动”,相当于develop;
concern 在此句中是名词,意为“关心的事情”
concern还可作为动词使用,常见的短语为be concern about对…关心,关注
My parents are much concern about my marks after the college entrance examination.
高考后父母对我的高考成绩很关注。
2. Unlike a single advertisement, an ad campaign is an organized programme of advertisements using various kinds of ads to reach a particular audience. 与单个的广告所不同的是,广告运动是使用各种广告来迎合特定观众群体的有组织的广告节目。
Unlike是连词,意为“不像, 不同于”;而dislike是动词,意思是“不喜欢”
Unlike his mother, he dislikes noodles at all.他不像他母亲,他一点也不喜欢面条。
3. The people you want to reach are your target audience. 你想通过广告把产品推销给哪些人,哪些人就是你广告的观众。
reach意为transmit the (product)information to
target原意为”目标, (射击的)靶子”,在此句的意思是 “特定的推销目标”.
The experienced hunter watched the wild pig for a couple of days and then he shot at the target. 这位老猎人观察了野猪几天,然后朝目标射击。
4. It is important to always try to appeal to the way the audience will react.
appeal to迎合…投合…的心意或兴趣
Teaching as a career appeals to many people because of the holidays.教师之所以迎合很多人的职业趋向是因为有寒暑假期。
react to 对…作出反应
She didn’t look up or even react to anything。她既不抬头也没有任何反应。
~ on/upon sb对…产生影响;起作用=have an effect on
Applause reacts to a speaker. 鼓掌对讲演者有影响
5. The way you choose to advertise should depend mainly on your target audience and which kinds of ads reach that particular group best.你所选择的做广告的方式应该主要以你的推销目标和能达到最好的效果为依据。
depend on 意为“依靠,取决于”, 相当于base on
Whether we are out depend on the weather.
我们明天是否外出取决于天气。
mainly 是程度副词,相当于mostly
二.随堂过关
1.The rise of oil costs _______the price of food.
A. appeals to
B. appeal on
C. appeal to
D. appeals on
2. He didn’t come to the party and that is _____ his usual action.
A. unlike
B. dislikes
C. unliking
D. unlikes
3. ---- How much money do you spend each month?
---- Well, ___________, but the average sum is 20 $a month.
A. It’s a secret
B. It depends
C. I don’t know
D. I won’t tell you
4. Those who _________ the state events would watch TV or read newspapers everymoring.
A. is concerned about
B. are concerned about
C. are concerning with
D. are concerned with
5. We often refer to those who have ________ a lot as _____ person.
A. experience, experienced
B. experience, experience
C. experienced, experienced
D. experiences, experiences
点击名题
考题回顾
例1. (05全国卷I、II 第32题)
The storm left , a lot of damage to this area .
A.caused B.to have caused
C.to cause D.having caused
【答】D
【精析】暴雨已经导致一些破坏,是主动,故选D
例2.(05全国卷III 第20题)
“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, __________ away.
A.run B.running C.to run D.ran
【答】B
【精析】作伴随状语
例3 . (05北京春季第34题)
with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
【答】C
【精析】be faced with 是固定短语
例4. (05安徽卷第34题)
I really can't understand ______ her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
【答】D
【精析】动名词的复合结构,you 可以用 your代替
例5 (05北京卷第28题)
. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ______ the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. having had C. Have D. Having
【答】D
【精析】动名词作主语
例6 (05北京卷第34题)
. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
【答】 A
【精析】“with+名词+宾补”的复合结构,是主动意义,故选A. going on
精解名题
例1
When help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”
A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered D.offered
【答】D
【精析】过去分词作状语,表示被动关系
例2
_____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
【答】A
【精析】“(be) dressed in” 是固定短语,“穿着…”
例3
________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
【答】B
【精析】(be) lost in 迷路,过去分词单独作状语。
例4.
The manager, _______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
A.who has made B.having made C.made D.making
【答】B
【精析】经理先讲清楚了他不同意,然后才离开,有时间的先后关系,故选B
例5.
All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas.
A.in order to have received B.in order to receive
C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving
【答】C
【精析】so as to 和in order to 都可以表示目的,但是信件应该是北收到,故选C被动形式。
例6.
You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_______ often enough.
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
【答】D
【精析】have sth done结构
单元冲刺
I.听力
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What do you know about Jim?
A.He’s sorry.
B.He came this morning.
C.He’s coming this afternoon.
2.When did the woman get to know Jane?
A.In high school.
B.In the office.
C.In the classroom.
3.What’s the weather like this week?
A.Rainy.
B.Sunny.
C.Windy.
4.Where are the man and woman?
A.In a shop.
B.In the library.
C.In the street corner.
5.What are the man and woman talking about?
A.Time.
B.Catching the train.
C.Days of weeks.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟时间阅读每小题。听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。
6.What’s Miss Jackson’s problem?
A.She forgets things.
B.She can’t go to sleep.
C.She takes too much medicine.
7.What’s the cause of Miss Jackson’s problem?
A.She can’t finish her plan.
B.She works too hard in her job.
C.She doesn’t follow the instructions.
8.What does the doctor suggest in the end?
A.Take a holiday.
B.Take more medicine.
C. Follow the instructions closely
听第7段材料,回答第9至10题。
9. What’s the problem with the woman’s computer?
A.It has poor connection
B.It can’t start up properly
C.It can’t be shut down properly
10.When will Paul come on Saturday?
A.9:30 B.10:00 C.10:30
听第8段材料,回答第11至14题。
11.Where did Tom go?
A.California
B.Los Angeles
C.San Francisco
12.What DOESN’T Tom say about the place he went to?
A.The beach, the sea, and the sunshine
B.The sunshine, the nightlife and the ball games
C.The seafood, the nightlife and the beach parties
13.What does Tom say about the girl he likes?
A.She attracts Tom because she talks a lot
B.She is not beautiful, but she attracts him
C.She is beautiful, and she shares the same interests with Tom
14.What’s going on between Tom and the girl likes?
A.They call each other every day.
B.Tom has visited the girl at her place
C. The girl is going to visit Tom this weekend.
听第9段材料,回答第15至17题。
15.What DOESN’T the woman do in order to buy a train ticket?
A.Buy a timetable first
B.Find out the number of the train
C.Buy the ticket from one of the windows.
16.Where is the woman going?
A.To Wuxi.
B.To Nanjing
C.To Shanghai.
17.What’s the number and time of the train that the woman should take?
A.K04, 11:13
B.K84, 11:30
C.K804, 11:30
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.What does the woman say about the weather condition?
A.It’s going to snow.
B.It’s going to be wet.
C.The wind will stop in 24 hours.
19.What does she say about the temperature?
A.It will be lower than zero.
B.It’s very bad weather for skating.
C. It will be cold for three or four days.
20.Why does the woman call her report “special”?
A. Because she is making a joke.
B. Because they will have a white Christmas.
C. Because it seldom snows at that time of year.
II. 单项选择
1. ----$500, but that is my last offer.
----OK, it is a _________.
A. cost B. price C. reward D. deal
2. This book is said to be a special one, which_____ many events not found in other history books.
A. writes B. covers C. prints D. reads
3. I have been studying computer for several years and I still ________.
A. have B. do C. have been D. am
4. ----Remember the first time we met, Jim?
----Of course I do. You ________ in the library.
A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read
5. Can you give us any ______ about how we can improve our English?
A. information B. suggestion C. sentence D. expression
6. It is too expensive for me to buy the car. I can’t _____ it.
A. pay B. afford C. sell D. spend
7. Electricity _____ us with light, heat and power.
A. makes B. gives C. provides D. send
8. The price of this type of TV sets is ______ in our city.
A. expensive B. cheap C. low D. dear
9. --- Would you please do me a favour?
--- I’m sorry, _____ I’m busy typing papers.
A. or B. so C. but D. now
10. Jane _____ 100 francs for the gold necklace.
A. cost B. took C. spent D. paid
11. To ______ the truth, I don’t think his painting is the best.
A. say B. talk C. tell D. speak
12. --- What did he say about himself?
D.
13. _________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.
A.To find out B.Finding out C.Find out D.Having found out
14. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
15. Victor apologized for _____ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able
C. his not being able D. him to be not able
III.完型填空
Advertising can be a 1 to the customer. This is true when advertisements give 2 information about the goods advertised. Such information is needed if the customer is to make a__3 choice when he buys. It is useful 4__ it lets him know of the kinds of goods in the shops.__ 5 advertisements do this job best. _6 can collect them and compare them. They can be taken along to shops and their claims can be checked against the actual goods in the_ 7 .
However, some 8 are not very 9 to the customer. Instead of helping him to _10 his real needs, they set out to make him want things. They set out to create a need. These advertisements are clearly clone(复制品). The people who produce them understand our _11 . They set out to make us believe that what they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier and more handsome, if only we use it. Actually, it is our money they are after and we should be on __12 .
Some advertisements mislead customer by using part of the truth to suggest something __13 , and it is 14 made to give that idea to the careless reader, listener or viewer.
At its best advertising can be useful to the customer. At its 15 it can mislead him. Many newspapers check on the 16 for which the advertisements made claims. Most newspapers are very 17 about the small advertisements, which sell goods 18 to the readers by post. Advertising has become a very big business, and good firms in it do all they can to make sure it is conducted with some attention to truth. This is a 19 to the customer. 20 the best way is for customers to be on the outlook.
1. A. information B. service C. time D. relationship
2. A. reliable B. suitable C. proper D. believed
3. A. available B. aware C. sensible D. believable
4. A. in that B. so that C. only if D. that
5. A. printing B. print C. to print D. printed
6. A. people B. children C. customer D. customers
7. A. factory B. companies C. shops D. homes
8. A. ads B. newspapers C. shops D. goods
9. A. help B. use C. useful D. generous
10.A. agree B. satisfied C. satisfy D. prefer
11.A. hobby B. preference C. likeness D. weakness
12.A. safe B. look C. guard D. watch
13. A. mistake B. useless C. error D. false
14. A. skillfully B. skillful C. perfect D. truly
15.A. better B. worst C. worse D. best
16.A. goods B. ads C. company D. person
17.A. care B. careful C. useful D. caring
18.A. direct B. directly C. properly D. carefully
19.A. help B. news C. fact D. use
20.A. So B. Thus C. However D. But
IV.阅读理解
(A)
Although commercial movers have been around for thousands of years, existing even in the days of man's earliest societies, there have always been heads of families who thought they could do the job better or for one reason or another preferred not to entrust(交托) their personal belonging to any commercial operation.
Today, millions of Americans move their family goods, using their own or a borrowed truck for the job. This operation can work very well if one has the strength, equipment, and knowledge to do the job-- pins enough insurance(保险) to cover any difficulty that may appear. The suggestions for a do-it -your- self move are relatively new:
﹡Plan the move well ahead of time
﹡Make sure that the required truck will be able to be got at the time needed and that it is in good and safe working order and properly licensed
﹡Get proper materials for packing and furniture protection
﹡Line up necessary aid for the day of the move
﹡Buy enough insurance for protection of family goods and the truck used
﹡Keep changeable in the weather and other surprises
﹡Don't expect the entire operation to be an easy job. The expert who makes the job look easy has experience and abilities the average person lacks.
1.Which of the following is mentioned as a good reason for moving
A. You have safe feeling about your possessions.
B. You build up friendships among those who help you.
C. You get practice driving a truck with a heavy load.
D. You save money on insurance.
2. From the passage, we can see that a do-it -yourself move ________
A. is what the Americans like to do
B. is often done by those who can not afford a commercial move
C. is not a job that everybody can do
D. can only be done by those who have had special training courses
3. In the passage, the advice offered to the do-it-yourselfer includes the suggestion to
A. pick a moving date and remain firm no matter what may happen
B. move during the winter to avoid the fall hurricane season and the spring rains
C. ask experts for advice before the operation
D. make certain there are enough helpers able to get on the day of the move
4.In the author’s opinion, _______.
A. The time when commercial movers were popular is gone
B. Most of Americans move their family goods by themselves
C. ‘Do-It-Yourself’ is a new kind of job in America
D. Everyone cannot do a do-it -your- self move
(B)
“Do you believe in life after death?” Jack’s boss asked Jack.
“Yes, sir.”
“Well then, that makes everything just fine,” the boss went on. “About an hour after you left yesterday to go to your grandfather’s funeral(藏礼), he dropped in(来访) to see you.”
5. What do you think jack did?
A. He planned to attend a funeral but he didn’t
B. He attended his grandfather’s funeral
C. He told a lie to get the day off
D. He did nothing special but worked in his office
6. What do you think Jack’s grandfather was doing the day before?
A. He was very angry because Jack told a lie B. He was saved from danger by the doctor
C. He was well and alive as usual D. He was said to be dead
7. When the boss said “that makes everything just fine,” _________.
A. he meant he was glad Jack’s grandfather was still alive
B. he meant he was glad Jack believed in life after death
C. he was telling Jack everything was Ok
D. he was telling Jack he knew Jack had told a lie
8.Who does the story tell us really believe in life after death?
A. Jack B. Jack’s boss C. Jack’s grandfather D. None of them
9. What do you think of Jack ?
A. He is humorous B. He is busy C. He is dishonest D. He is lazy but honest
(C)
A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can help your body grow strong to take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The diary group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a god lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired in these days and you can’t think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong.. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.
10. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?
A. Eggs, tomatoes and chicken B. Milk, bread, cabbages and beef
C. Corn, fish, cream and pork D. Rice, beancurd, apples, fish and chicken
11. Which of the following is a good habit?
A. Going to school without any breakfast
B. Eating fish and chips for supper
C. Finishing your lunch in a very short time
D. Having at least one food from all four groups each meal
12. In this passage the writer mainly tell us that ________.
A. every person needs food to grow well B. taking exercise can keep your body strong
C. right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy
D. enough energy helps people think more quickly
13. The underlined word “dairy” in the second paragraph means _________.
A. the food made out of cows such as milk and butter B. the shop that sells milk and butter
C. a farm where cows are kept D. a place where milk products are made
(D)
My grandfather was a teacher. He was the headmaster of a school for boys between thirteen and eighteen. I know that he was a kind and gentle man at heart, because when I was young, he gave me presents, and seated me on his knee, and told me stories. But I believe the boys at his school were afraid of him.
At school, when he walked into a room full of noisy boys, here was a silence at once. When he looked at a boy with a certain look in his eyes, the boy went red in the face, and looked down at his shoes. If a boy brought him poor, careless work that was not the best the boy could do, my grandfather would pick up the boy’s book and throw it across the room, shouting, “Do it all again, and bring it back to me in the morning!” If the boy was late, or if he forgot to bring the book, he had to do it again, and yet again. My grandfather never forgot.
He was a very different man at school from the man I saw day by day in his own home.
14. I knew my grandfather was kind and gentle, because _________.
A. he was a teacher
B. he let me seat on his knee
C. he told me stories about how kind he is
D. he was the headmaster of a school
15. When he looked at a boy in a certain way, the boy __________.
A. went red and could not return my grandfather’s look
B. looked back at my grandfather’s red face
C. looked at his shoes to see if they were dirty
D. went red in the face because his shoes were dirty
16. My grandfather didn’t like to receive ___________.
A. worse work than he could do for himself
B. the most careful work that the boys could do
C. work that boys couldn’t do
D. work that was not as well as the boys could do
17. When he received poor work, my grandfather _________.
A. would become very angry
B. threw the work on the floor, and shouted across the room
C. threw the book at the boy
D. went red in the face
18. He was a different man at home because that _________.
A. he didn’t get angry at school like he did at home
B. he was not as gentle at home
C. he didn’t throw books about at school like he did at home
D. he did not get angry at home
V.短文改错
John was trying a new blue jacket in a shop. He looked 1.
at himself in the mirror and thought it was very well. 2.
He took off the jacket and told the shopkeeper to put them 3.
into a bag. On that moment his friend Ron came in. They 4.
haven’t seen each other for months. They were so pleased 5.
to meet each other that they talked on and on. Then 6.
they decided to have for dinner. John picked up the bag 7.
and began leave. The shopkeeper stopped them and asked 8.
John to pay for the jacket. John looked surprise but soon 9.
realized what was the matter. He said sorry but paid for 10.
the jacket. Then he left with Ron.
VI.书面表达
人类已经进入了一个崭新的世纪,不同的人有不同的幸福观。Today’s English公益广告部发出“幸福是什么”的广告征文,请你根据下表提示,用英语写一篇短文,以便向该刊投稿。
Students Possessions Benefits
Some Money Buying and doing anything
Some Health Enjoyment
Some Wealth from parents Free from work
I Knowledge For mankind
注意:
1.词数:120左右
2.必须阐明自己对个别观点的看法;
3.不能抄袭表中内容;
4.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Happiness
Happiness means different things to different people…
Although different people value happiness differently, my “wealth” of happiness is my study.
Answers for Unit 1
Reading
二.自主探究
Various answers are possible
二.随堂过关
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A. 5. D
阅读延伸
(1) numerous (2) used to (3) public services (4) campaign (5) intended to
(6) promote (7) customers (8) persuasive (9) customers (10) fall
Word power
二.随堂过关
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D
Grammar and usage
二.随堂过关
句型转换(每空只能填一个词)
1. why / I / had/ gone
2. told / he / joined
3. if / she / could / make / me
4. had / been / completed / before
5. that / he / was / starting / in / two / days’ time
6. told / them / not / to
7. asked / them / to
8. whether / that / book / mine
Task
二.随堂过关
1-5 D. B. D. B. B.
Project
二.随堂过关
1-5 DABBC
点击名题
考题回顾
1-6 DBCDDA
精解名题
1-6 DABBCD
听力:
1-5 BAAAB 6-10 BBABC
11-15 ACCCA 16-20 ACBAA
单选:
1-5 DBDAA 6-10 BCCCD
11-15 CDAAC
完型:
1-5 BACAD 6-10 DCACC 11-15 DCDAB 16-20 ABBAD
阅读:
(A).1-4 ACDD (B). 5-9 CCDDC (C). 10-13 BDCC 14-18 BADAA
改错:
1.在trying后加on。 2.改well为good/nice/fine。 3.改them为it。 4.改On为At。 5.改haven’t为hadn’t 。 6.此行正确。 7.删去for。 8.改leave为to leave/leaving。 9.改surprise为surprised。 10.改but为and。
VI.书面表达:
Happiness
Happiness means different things to different people. For example, some students believe that if they have much money or large possessions, they will be happy. They believe that they will be able to do anything they want to if have much money. Some students think that they should be in good health, and enjoy whatever they like. Many students wish to have much wealth from their parents. In this way they don’t have to work hard, and they can own everything. I don’t quite agree with the above points. I don’t think money means happiness. We can’t buy many of the things with money, such as health, happiness, and knowledge. I value knowledge, which makes me happy, for I can do much for mankind with knowledge. Although different people value happiness differently, my “wealth” of happiness is my study.
听力录音稿
第一节
1.W: Where have you been? Jim has been waiting for you all morning!
M: Oh, I am sorry.I thought he wouldn’t come until this afternoon.
2.M: You seem to know Jane very.When did you get to know her?
W: Well, we were in the same class in high school.And now we work in the same office
3.W: Oh no, it’s raining again.I really miss the sun now.
M: Yes, so do I.It has been like this for more than five days now.
4.M: Excuse me, but where are the computer books?
W: Look for them on the shelf in the corner, beside the paper and the ink.
5.M: Hurry up, Eileen.I don’t want to miss the train twice in one week.
W: Don’t rush me.There’s thirty minutes to go, isn’t there?
第二节
听第6段材料,回答第6-8题
M: So, what’s wrong this time, Miss Jackson?
W: The same problem, Doctor Smart.I still can’t go to sleep after taking the medicine.
M: Did you follow the instructions closely?
W: Yes, I took the medicine thirty minutes before going to bed.But the moment I touch the pillow, I begin to worry.I just can’t forget that I have a problem in going to sleep.
M: Tell me something about your job, then, Miss Jackson.Are you busy in your job?
W: Well, yes, we’ve been busy making a plan these two weeks.There is so much to do and I really need to sleep well.
M: I’m afraid it’s all because of your job, Miss Jackson.You have pushed yourself too hard in your work.
W: So what can I do, Doctor?
M: I am afraid you need to take a holiday.
听第7段材料,回答第9-10题
W: Paul, would you be free this Saturday?
M: Let me see .I have an appointment with Ellen at four o’clock in the afternoon, but I will be free before that.
W: Good, can you check my computer for me then? It hasn’t been working properly for two days now.
M: What seems to be the problem?
W: Well, after starting up, it will shut itself down, and I have to start it again.Sometimes it just fails to start up.
M: That’s not a very serious problem, most probably because of poor connection.Don’t worry.I will fix it for you on Saturday.By the way, when should I go to your place?
W: Anytime after ten o’clock in the morning.Would that be OK for you?
M: Sure, let’s make it at ten thirty then.
W: Ten thirty would be fine.Thank you so much, Paul.It’s so kind of you.
听第8段材料,回答第11-14题
W: Hi, Tom, haven’t seen you for ages.
M: Actually, I’ve just come back from California.
W: Really? How exciting! So how did you like California?
M: I couldn’t like it more.The beach, the sea, the sunshine, the seafood, and the nightlife… That’s what you call nightlife.
W: Oh come on.Tell me about it.What did you do then?
M: We had a party on the beach every evening.You see, there are always new faces to see and new games to play.
W: Have you made any new friends?
M: Oh, yes, I’ll show you some photos later.Now there is a girl from Los Angeles.I think I am going to fall in love with her.
W: Really? How does she look?
M: She’s beauty, tall, with golden hair and green eyes, but that’s not the point.She attracted me with something else.You see, we share the same interests.We can talk for hours.
W: Hmm, sounds perfect.So did she give you her phone number?
M: Yeah, of course.I called her just this morning.She said she’s coming to visit me this weekend.I’m dying to see her.
W: Yeah, yeah.
听第9段材料,回答第15-17题
M: Can I help you?
W: No…well…yes.You see, this is the first time I’m traveling by train in China, so how can I get a ticket?
M: Well, first you need to find out the number of the train.And then you…
W: Excuse me, but what number are you talking about?
M: The number of the train you are going to take.For example, I am taking the 9:00 train from Shanghai to Nanjing, and the number of that train is T722.
W: Oh, I see but where can I find out the number of the train?
M: There is a timetable here on the wall.By the way, do you read Chinese?
W: No, I don’t.I can only speak a few words in Chinese.Can you help me find out the number of the next train to Wuxi?
M: Let’s see… Nanjing to Wuxi… oh, sorry, it should be Shanghai to Wuxi.I was thinking about the place I am going to.Now there’s a train at 11:30, and the number is K804.
W: K804, 11:30.Thank you.
M: That’s all right, now you can buy the ticket from any one of the windows… Oh, I am afraid I have to check in now.
W: Oh, yes, of course.Thank you so much.
M: You are welcome.
听第10段材料,回答第18-20题
Good evening, this is Mary Lamb again with the weather report.A strong wind from the north is coming to London in twenty-four hours.This wind will bring us the first snow of this year.With that snow, the temperature will drop to three or four zero.So remember to keep warm and watch out for the poor road conditions.If you like skating, however, here is our good news for you.This low temperature will last for at least two weeks and London will be a world of white.And that ends our special for today, April 1,2004.Next, a song for you, I Am Dreaming of a White Christmas.
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