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语法系列复习-----情态动词与虚拟语气 (人教版高二英语上册教学论文)

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这次小编给大家整理了语法系列复习-----情态动词与虚拟语气 (人教版高二英语上册教学论文)，本文共16篇，供大家阅读参考。

篇1：语法系列复习-----情态动词与虚拟语气 (人教版高二英语上册教学论文)

语法系列复习专题-----情态动词与虚拟语气

一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答

1. Need I/he/…?

Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)

2. Must I/ he/…?

No,you/ he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)have to.(不用mustn’t)

3. May I/ he/…?

No,you/ he/…mustn’t.(少用may not)

4. Could(Can)you…?

Yes,I can (不用could)

5. Shall I/she/ he…?

No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t

二、情态动词表“推测”

1.can,may,must使用的句式：

1)肯定陈述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定”意，may/might表“也许，或许”意。

2)否定陈述句中：can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意，may not/might not表“也许不、可能不”意。

3)疑问句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。

注意：表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。

2.对目前状态的推测：

1)must/may/might/can/could＋be＋表语

例如：She must be a teacher.她肯定是老师。She can’t/couldn’t be a doctor.她肯定不是医生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是医生。

2)must/may/might/can/could＋一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belong to等)

例如：She must have her own car,for she has a lot of money.

That kind of bird may live in the valleys.

3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测：

句式：must/may/might/can/could＋be doing

例如：They must be waiting for us.他们肯定正在等我们。

She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作业。

Can/Could he be playing football?他会正在踢足球吗？

4.对已发生的事情进行推测：

句式：must/may/might/can/could＋have done

例如：There’s no lignt in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She can’t/couldn’t have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beijing last year?

注意：will have done句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。

例如：He will have learned advanced mathematics,for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能学过高等数学，因为他对此懂得很多。

三、“情态动词＋have done”用法

1.should/ought to ＋have done,意“本应该…”，含有责备或后悔意。

例如：You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./

2.shouldn’t/oughtn’t to＋have done,意“本不应该”，含有责备或后悔意。

例如：You shouldn’t have watered the flower./I oughtn’t to have scolded her for such a small thing.

3.might have done,意“过去可能做”；could have done意“本能够做”，两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意，也可表对过去情况的推测。

例如：He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang.last week,but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。We could have finished the work ahead of time.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。

四、情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法

1.“肯定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would/won’t you形式。

例如：Stand still,will/would/won’t you?

2.“否定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would you形式。

例如：Don’t watch TV,will/would you?

3.Let’s…,shall we? ; Let us…,will/won’t you?

4.含有must句子的反意问句

1)must表示“必须”时，附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如：He must go with you,needn’t/mustn’t he?

2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时，附加部分用may.例如：She mustn’t leave,may she?

3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：

A.He must be an engineer,isn’t he?They must be writing now,aren’t they?(这类句子问句前部分含“must be…”或“must be doing…”。)

B.She must have a car/live there, doesn’t she?

C.He must have seen the film,hasn’t he？(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为must have done,句子无具体过去时间状语。)

D.He must have seen the film last week,didn’t he?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为must have done,句子有具体过去时间状语。)

E.Mother must have been shopping then,wasn’t she?(前面部分谓语为must have been doing。)

5.含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。

例如：She may have finished her homework,hasn’t she?

五、几组词语辨析

1.must与have to:must强调说话者的主观看法，have to强调客观需要，表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’t have to,不能用mustn’t。

2.can/could与be able to:can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not) able to ，而不用could(not)。例如：He worked hard,but he wasn’t able to pass the exam.

3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fish will die out of water./ She’ll sit for hours without saying anything.

②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如：He would walk by the river in the morning.注意：would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说He would be late for school last year. ③used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如：He used to get up early. He used to be late for school.

4.dare与need

六、虚拟语气在if引导的条件句的用法

1)与现在事实相反的结构：

2）与过去事实相反的结构：

3）与将来事实相反的结构：

**当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：

If you had worked hard, you would be very tired.

(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在.)

5以上句型可以转换成下列形式:

**省略if,用“were, have, should +主语”. 例如:

Were I in school again, I would work harder.

Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.

Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.

**用介词短语代替条件状语从句：but forwithout.例如:

Without air, there would be on living things.

But for your help, I couldn’t have done it.

七、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法

1.“wish +宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“可惜……”. “……就好了”, “悔不该……”, “但愿……”等.

表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would(could) +动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望时用“had +过去分词”或“(could)would +have +过去分词”.例如:

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish you could go with us.

We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

2.虚拟语气在动词一个坚持（insist）；两个命令（order，demand）;三个建议(advise,suggest,propose);四项要求（demand,require,request,ask）,等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+动词原形”.例如:

We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.

We insisted that they (should) go with us.

The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.

He demanded that we (should) start right away.

**注意:insist作“力言”, “强调”解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,只有当insist作 “坚持(认为)”, “坚持(应该)”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气.例如:

Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.

又如suggest

3.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句

作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”.例如:

We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for

sightseeing.

My idea is that we (should) exercises first．

4.虚拟语气在 as if(as though)中，引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用．

如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时，指现在状况，则用过去时，指将来则用过去将来时．例如：

He looked as if he were an artist.

He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England．

Even if he were here，he could not solve the problem．

5.虚拟语气用于主语从句．

在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“ should 十动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等．例如：

It is necessary( important，natural，strange，etc) that … we should clean

the room every day.

It was a pity ( a shame，no wonder，etc) that you should be so careless．

It will be desired( suggested，decided，ordered，requested，proposed，etc)

that she should finish her homework this afternoon．

在上述三种主语从句中，should意为“应该”,“竟然”，可以省去，但不可换用would.主句所用动词的时态不限．

注意：这种从句表示的是事实．如果说话人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气．反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述语气，例如：

It is a strange that he did not come yesterday.

It is a pity that you can’t swim．

八.几种常见的其他虚拟语气结构

1.虚拟语气用于定语从句

这种从句常用在 It is( high) time( that)…句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或 should十动词原形( should不能省略，be用 were)来表示，意为“(现在)该……”。例如：

It is ( high) time we left (should leave).

lt is high time we were going.

2.虚拟语气用于 if only引导的感叹句中,用法同.wish

If only I had taken his advice.

我要是听他的话就好了．

If only I were a bird．我如果是一只鸟就好了．

3.虚拟语气在简单句中的应用

l)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中，例如：

It would be better for you not to stay up too late．

Would you be kind enough to open the door?

2)用于一些习惯表达法中，例如：

Would you like a cup of tea?

I would rather not tell you. You had better go now．

3)用“ may 十动词原形”表示“祝愿”、“但愿”． may须置于句首，例如：May you be happy! May you succeed!

4.would rather-----

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇2：高三英语复习(情态动词、虚拟语气) (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

高三英语复习专题(情态动词、虚拟语气)

（出题人：蔡炳成）

情态动词常规题：

1. I lived with my sister this summer and didn’t have to pay rent. So I ______ save most of my salary.

A. could B. would C. was able to D. should

2. --- Look, John’s fallen asleep.

--- Oh, he ______ too late last night.

A. might sit up B. should have sat up C. could sit up D. must have sat up

3. On Sundays when I was a child, Father and I ____ get up early and go fishing.

A. could B. would C. might D. should

4. --- Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting.

--- Yes, but I think the weather office’s computers ___ be more accurate.

A. can B. must C. ought to D. might

5. --- Are you still going to Shanghai for the Spring Festival?

--- Yes, but I really ____ because I have a lot of things to deal with.

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. won’t D. shouldn’t

6. –Well, I forgot to bring my dictionary here yesterday.

-- Actually you ____ it here. You were not allowed to use it.

A. needn’t bring B. needn’t have brought

C. didn’t need to bring D. don’t have to bring

7. --- Shall I book the table for the dinner?

---Yes, you____. The restaurant is always full of people.

A. can B. will C. must D. need

8. The poor boy ____ the test again; in that case, his mother will be very disappointed.

A. must have failed B. might fail C. could have failed D. should fail

9. --- Why ____ it rain now? I ___ go to the concert at 7.

--- What a pity!

A. can; might not B. should; needn’t C. must; can’t D. need; mustn’t

10. --- We need some fresh air, but the window open.

--- _____I help you?

A. didn't; Will B. shan't; Need C. mustn't; May D. won't; Shall

11. -- What do you think of your nephew?

-- He _____ be very naughty but at the same time you _____ help liking him.

A. will; will B. won’t; can’t C. may; may D. can; can’t

12. It was impossible that she____ go down, step by step down the unexpected stairs into the dark below.

A. should dare B. should dare to C. must dare D. must dare to

13. --- I am told that John had another car accident this morning.

--- I believe not. He ______ so careless.

A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been

C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been

14. ---You ought to have given them some advice.

---____, but who cared what I said?

A. So I ought B. So ought I C. So I did D. So did I

15. ---Write to me when you get home.

---______.

A.I must B. I should C. I will D. I can

16. Shut your mouth. Nothing ___ stop me once I have made up my mind.

A. will B. ought to C. shall D. must

17. Keep up a good state of mind even if you _____fail plenty of times.

A. must B. will C. can D. should

18. The policeman told the pupils. “You _____ play football in the street.”

A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t

19. If you ____ wait a moment, I will go and find our manager.

A. can B. should C. will D. must

20. Don’t believe him. His story ____ be true.

A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. may not

情态动词高考题：

21. --- I think I’ll give Bob a ring.

--- You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.（06苏）

A. will B. may C. have to D. should

22. --- What’s the name?

--- Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you? （06京）

A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might

23. If it were not for the fact that she________ sing, I would invite her to the party.（06闽）

A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not

24. ______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（06鄂）

A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be

25. As you worked late yesterday, you___ __ have come this morning.（06陕）

A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

26. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ____put forward are turned down.（06福建）

A. could B. would C.不填 D. had

27. Some aspects of a pilot’s job _____ be boring, and pilots often _____ work at inconvenient hours. (06湖南)

A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must

28. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ____ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.

(06江西)

A. should have taken B. could have taken

C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken

29. If I _____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of

it as possible. （05湖北卷）

A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to

30. - Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?

- Something ________ to him. (05江西卷)

A. must happen B. should have happened

C. could have happened D. must have happened

31. John, look at the time. _____ you play the piano at such a late hour? （05全国卷3）

A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need

32. There _____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. （05上海卷）

A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t

33. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _____ at least 150 kilometers an hour. （05重庆卷）

A. should have been doing B. must have been doing

C. could have done D. would have done

34. I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere. （05北京春季）

A. must drop B. must have dropped

C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped

35. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. （04重庆）

A. may B. should C. must D. shall

36. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up. （04广西）

A. should have arrived B. should arrive

C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving

37. --- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.

--- You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it. （04湖南）

A. shan't B. might not C. needn't D. shouldn't

38. --- Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. _____I go out and play with Tom for a while?

--- No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. （04辽宁）

A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t C. May not D. Won’t

39. You ______ be tired---- you’ve only been working for an hour. （04全国II）

A. must not B. won’t be C. can’t D. may not

40. --- Tom graduated from college at a very young age.

--- Oh, he______ have been a very smart boy then. （04全国IV）

A. could B. should C. might D. must

41. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _______ not like the design of the furniture. （04上海春季）

A. must B. shall C. may D. need

虚拟语气:

42. I could have called you for help, but I ____ your number.

A. couldn’t have remembered B. didn’t remember

C. should have remembered D. hadn’t remembered

43. She suggested to the police in the police station that Mr. Smith ____.

A. stole the necklace B. should steal the necklace

C. had stolen the necklace D. steal the necklace

44. ____ it would stop snowing!

A. If only B. Only if C. Even if D. But for

45. My advice is that he ___ so much.

A. not smoke B. doesn’t smoke C. won’t smoke D. must not smoke

46. How I wish I ____ that! Everybody present was angry with me.

A. didn’t do B. hadn’t done C. wouldn’t do D. wasn’t doing

47. _____ it to clear up tomorrow, the tourists would climb to the top of the mountain to wait for the sun _____.

A. If; to raise B. Were; to rise C. Should; to rise D. Because; raising

48. ____the expense, I ___to Italy.

A. If it were not; go B. Were it not for; I would go

C. Weren’t it for; will go D. If it hadn’t been; would have gone

49. His illness was too serious; otherwise he_______saved.

A. could be B., couldn’t have been C. could have D. could have been

50. --- I have great difficulty working out this problem.

--- _____ to me, you _____ less difficulty with such problems.

A. If you had listened, would have had B. If you listened, would have

C. Had you listened, would have D. If you listen, will have

51. ---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?

---Yes, but I ___ busy doing my homework.

A. was B. were C. had been D. would be

52. _____the fog, we should have reached the top of the hill.

A. In spite of B. If there were no C. But for D. Because of

53. Tom insisted what he said ____ true and we insisted that he ____ and have a look.

A. be; should go B. should be; would go C. was ; go D. was ; would go

54. He acts as if he _______the owner of the house.

A. will be B. has been C. is D. were

55. It’s about time that you _____to study English.

A. begin B. will begin C. have begun D. began

56. How I wish it____! If it ___in a few days, the crops would be saved.

A. will rain; rained B. would rain; should rain

C. should rain; rains D. would rain; had rained

57. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______ away for ages.

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been

58. I’d rather you me the news.

A. not tell B. not to tell C. didn’t tell D. hadn’t told

59. The old professor gave orders that the experiment ______before 6.

A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished

60. ______ you succeed and ______you be healthy.

A. May; may B. Wish; wish C. Hope; hope D. Should; may

61. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d ______ there by now.

A. be B. was C. were D. are

KEY:

1-5 CDBCD 6-10 CCBCD 11-15 DBCCC 16-20 CDCCD 21-25 DACBD 26-30 CACBD 31-35 ACBBD 36-40 AAACD 41-45 CBCAA 46-50 BBBDC 51-55 ACCDD 56-61 BDDCAA

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇3：语法系列复习六-----情态动词、主谓一致 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法系列复习专题六-----情态动词、主谓一致

情态动词

一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答

1. Need I/he/…?

Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)

2. Must I/ he/…?

No,you/ he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)have to.(不用mustn’t)

3. May I/ he/…?

No,you/ he/…mustn’t.(少用may not)

4. Could(Can)you…?

Yes,I can (不用could)

5. Shall I/she/ he…?

No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t

二、情态动词表“推测”

1.can,may,must使用的句式：

1)肯定陈述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定”意，may/might表“也许，或许”意。

2)否定陈述句中：can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意，may not/might not表“也许不、可能不”意。

3)疑问句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。

注意：表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。

2.对目前状态的推测：

1)must/may/might/can/could＋be＋表语

例如：She must be a teacher.她肯定是老师。She can’t/couldn’t be a doctor.她肯定不是医生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是医生。

2)must/may/might/can/could＋一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belong to等)

例如：She must have her own car,for she has a lot of money.

That kind of bird may live in the valleys.

3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测：

句式：must/may/might/can/could＋be doing

例如：They must be waiting for us.他们肯定正在等我们。

She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作业。

Can/Could he be playing football?他会正在踢足球吗？

4.对已发生的事情进行推测：

句式：must/may/might/can/could＋have done

注意：will have done句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。

例如：He will have learned advanced mathematics,for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能学过高等数学，因为他对此懂得很多。

三、“情态动词＋have done”用法

1.should/ought to ＋have done,意“本应该…”，含有责备或后悔意。

例如：You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./

2.shouldn’t/oughtn’t to＋have done,意“本不应该”，含有责备或后悔意。

例如：You shouldn’t have watered the flower./I oughtn’t to have scolded her for such a small thing.

3.might have done,意“过去可能做”；could have done意“本能够做”，两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意，也可表对过去情况的推测。

四、情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法

1.“肯定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would/won’t you形式。

例如：Stand still,will/would/won’t you?

2.“否定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would you形式。

例如：Don’t watch TV,will/would you?

3.Let’s…,shall we? ; Let us…,will/won’t you?

4.含有must句子的反意问句

1)must表示“必须”时，附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如：He must go with you,needn’t/mustn’t he?

2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时，附加部分用may.例如：She mustn’t leave,may she?

3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：

A.He must be an engineer,isn’t he?They must be writing now,aren’t they?(这类句子问句前部分含“must be…”或“must be doing…”。)

B.She must have a car/live there, doesn’t she?

C.He must have seen the film,hasn’t he？(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为must have done,句子无具体过去时间状语。)

D.He must have seen the film last week,didn’t he?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为must have done,句子有具体过去时间状语。)

E.Mother must have been shopping then,wasn’t she?(前面部分谓语为must have been doing。)

5.含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。

例如：She may have finished her homework,hasn’t she?

五、几组词语辨析

1.must与have to:must强调说话者的主观看法，have to强调客观需要，表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’t have to,不能用mustn’t。

3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fish will die out of water./ She’ll sit for hours without saying anything.

情态动词考点分析

1.－Could I borrow your dictionary? (NMET)

－Yes,of course you________.

A.might B.will C.can D.should

析：B、D意明显不合；A语气不妥，与of course不符。此题Could是表Can意的委婉说法，并非过去时，所以答案应为C。

2.－Shall I tell John about it?

－No,you_________.I’ve told him already. (NMET)

A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shoudn’t

析：B意明显不合用，可排除。mustn’t意“不许、不得”，shouldn’t意“不应该”都不合情景。只有needn’t表“不必”与下文“I’ve told him already”相贴切。

3.－There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.

－It_________a comfortable journey. (NMET)

A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be

C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been

析：A、B是对现在情况而言，与情景不合。表否定推测不能说mustn’t have been,只有D选项“不可能是”意思切合，时态也对，故为正确答案。

4.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly ，but everyone________get out.

(NMET)

A.could B.would C.was able to D.had to

析：根据题干提供的情景B、D皆应排除。在A、C两选项中，因为根据情景要选一个“经过努力能够”这样意思的词，故定答案为C。

5.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I________for her.

A.had to write it out B.must have written it out

C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out

析：A项意“(当时)不得不写出来”，不合题意；D项意“(现在)应写出来”也不合题意；B项意“(当时)肯定已写出来”明显不对。只有表“当初应该写出来”意的C项才合上下文。

6.That young man has made so much noise that he_________not have been allowed to attend the concert. (上海高考题)

A.could B.must C.would D.should

析：若选A。意“不可能已被允许…”与情景不合，应排除；B项不可选；C项意“当时将不会被允许…”也与情况相悖。只有D“should not have been allowed…”表示“当初不该让他…”才合题意。

7.－Can I help you,sir?

－Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it______.(NMET)

A.didn’t work B.couldn’t work C.can’t work D.doesn’t work

析：若选A。意“昨天不响（今天响了）”，不合题目情景；若选B。其意是“当时不能工作（现在能工作了）”，显然不合题；若选C。意为“这台收音机根本不能工作（是废品）”这未免显得武断；只有D表“这台机子不响（有毛病）”意才能合理地表达来找商店服务员的原因。

主谓一致（Agreement）

1.“Either A or B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于B。

例：Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball,otherwise they

would take part in the basketball match.

但在一般疑问句中，谓语取决于A。

例如：Do either the students or their teacher dislike basketball?

Is either he or you going there?

这种谓语取决于与其最近的主语现象叫做“就近原则”。

2．“Neither A nor B＋谓语”结构，谓语多取决于B。但现代英语也出现复数谓语，

理由是neither A nor B是两部分之和，为复数概念，故其后可用复数谓语。

例如：Neither she nor I was(或were)fortunate enough to gain extra points.

她和我都不幸未能获得附加分。

Neither you nor he does(或do)well in maths.

3．Neither of…接单、复谓(通常视为单数，但在口语中，从意义上亦可视为复数)

None of…接单、复谓

例：Neither of them is(或are)right.

None of you is(或are)fit for the job.

4. as well as（以及）

(together)with(以及)B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于A。

“A along with(以及)

but(除去)

rather than

例: as well as

The trainer along with two gymnasts is in the gym.

(together) with

教练和两个体操运动员在体操房里。

All but Li Dong have passed the test. 除了李东所有人都通过了考试。

Nobody but Li Dong and Wang Hong has passed the test.

除了李东和王宏没有什么人通过那场考试。

5. 表示钱数、时间、长度、数学等概念名词其后通常用单数谓语。

例：200 yuan / 500 dollars / 20 minutes is not enough for us.

makes 15.

10 and 5 10加5等于15.

makes 5.

10 minus 5 10减5等于5.

（以上两数词例，现代英语认为make,are也对。）

20 kilometres is too much for them. 20公里是他们吃不消的。

6. There be 结构中be的形式取决于靠近be的名词，若是单数名词，则be为is/was;

若是复数名词，则be为are/were（即第1条中的“就近原则”）。

例如：There is a desk,two chairs and three sofas in the room.

There are three sofas,two chairs and a desk in the room.

7. a group of…，a team of…后跟复谓、单谓皆可，跟复谓的理由是不止一个人，跟单谓的理由是将许多人视为“一组”、“一队”这样的一个单位体。

例如：A group/team of students are /is cleaning the street.

8. 象school ,class,family,team,group government等这类群体名词，其后谓语可能是单数形式，也可能是复数形式。通常视其为一个整体单位时，用单数谓语；视其为群体成员时，则用复数谓语。

例如：The class are having a meeting. 这个班学生在开会。

The class is not very big. 这个班不是大班。

The family enjoy singing and dancing. 这家人喜欢唱歌跳舞。

The family has only three persons.这家只有三口人。

9. 象police,clothes,trousers这类复数概念名词，其后总是跟复数谓语。the wounded

（伤员）后总是跟复数谓语。

10. 象clothing,news,information,advice这类不可数名词后应跟单数谓语，但它们前面有可数性短语修饰时，也可跟复数谓语。

例如：The clothing is very nice.The news is interesting.

Five articles of clothing are over there.

Three pieces of news were announced on TV.

11.百分数of＋复名＋复谓，百分数of＋单名／不可数名词＋单谓

例：40 percent of the students are girls.

80 percent of the work/the book has been finished.

分数后的谓语形式同百分数。

12. who/why/how/whether/if/than引导的名词从句＋单谓

例：How he got there is unknown./Why she did it remains a puzzle./It’s lucky that he is still alive.

13. A (large)number of＋复名＋复谓。

例：A number of books are over there.

A large amount of＋不可数名词＋单谓。

例：A large amount of money has been spent.

The number of＋复名＋单谓。

例：The number of the students in our school is .

主谓一致考点分析

1．_____either he or I to leave for America?

A. Is B.Am C.Are D.Will

析：由or,either…or, nor, neither…or, whether…or, not…but, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，其谓语动词的单复数要根据“就近原则”处理，因为空白处与he最近，故要选A。

2. No one has finished his homework,________?

A.have they B.haven’t they C.has he D.hasn’t he

析：由No one可知空白处应选肯定式，故可排除B,D。又因为句子表述的意思是“没

有一个人完成作业”，从人数上看是很多人没完成作业，故排除C项，而选A。

3. There comes the bus,_______?

A.doesn’t there B.doesn’t it C.does it D.are there

析：这是一个倒装句，主语是bus，谓语是comes, 所以答案应选B。

4. He is a teacher but his wife is a doctor,_______?

A.isn’t she B.isn’t it C.aren’t they D.isn’t he

析：此题问句前部分含but，重点是强调his wife is a doctor,故问句部分取决于此部分，因此，该题答案为A。

5. They don’t think money is everything,_______?

A.is it B.isn’t it C.will they D.do they

析：如果是“I/ We(don’t)think＋宾从”则反意问句主语和谓语取决于宾语从句，但此句主句的主语不是I或we，而是They,这时反意问句部分的主语和谓语要取决于主句的主、谓语，所以此题答案应选D。

6. Each soldier and sailor_____given a rifle when the ship landed.

A.were B.was C.are D.is

析：根据when the ship landed,可知应排除C,D.又因“each/every A and(each/every)B”结构的主语后面应跟单数谓语，所以答案为B。

7.More than one person_____involved(卷入)in th case.

A.is B.are C.has D.have

析：要表达“被卷入”，只能在A,B之中选一个，因more than one后应跟单名，单

谓，所以答案为A。

8.He is the only one of our customers who____this kind of article.

A.like B.likes C.are fond of D.loved

析：从时态考虑可排除D。因“the/the only…of＋复名”后的定语从句谓语应该

用单数形式，所以答案应是B。但此题若将the only 去掉，则答案为A。

情态动词、主谓一致专练

1. The possibe____often proved impossible.

A. have B.has C.are D.will

2.Neither you nor I am mad,____?

A.are you B.aren’t I C.am I D.are we

3.You don’t think I am wrong,____?

A.don’t you B.do you C.aren’t D.am I

4.It was Lin Song who broke the rules of the school,____?

A.wasn’t it B.didn’t he C.was it D.did he

5.Bruce must have been in China for a long time,_____?

A.hasn’t he B.mustn’t he C.Isn’t he D.wasn’t he

6.What the teacher has said is true,____?

A.has he B.hasn’t he C.is it D.isn’t it

7.It must have snowed last night,____?

A.isn’t it B.haven’t he C.mustn’t it D.didn’t it

8.It’s the first time that Xiao Qing has been to Tianjin,_____?

A.has she B.is it C.hasn’t she D.isn’t it

9. The trousers_____fit for him.

A.is B.are C.must D.do

10.He rather than Li Ying and Wang Ping____praised by the teacher.

A.are B.is C.were D.was

11.Where is my pen?I_____it. (NMET)

A.should have lost B.must have lost C.would have lost D.might lose

12.A computer____think for itself ; it must be told what to do.(NMET)

A.can’t B.couldn’t C.may not D.might not

13.We_____last night ,but we went to the concert instead. (NMET)

A.must have studied B.might study

C.should have studied D.would study

14.I didn’t hear the phone ,I_____asleep. (NMET)

A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been

15.Be sure to write to us,_____? (NMET)

A.will you B.aren’t you C.can you D.mustn’t you

16.I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning.She____at the meeting.

(上海)

A.mustn’t have spoken B.shoudn’t have spoken

C.needn’t have spoken D.couldn’t have spoken

17.There is plenty of time.She____. (NMET)

A.must have hurried B.needn’t have hurried

C.must not hurry D.couldn’t have hurried

18.You don’t______to go there if you have no time.(上海)

A.need B.want C.must D.ought

19.Sir,you_____be sitting in this waiting-room.It is for women and children

only.(上海)

A.oughtn’t to B.can’t C.won’t D.don’t

20.Tom ought not to_____me your secret ,but he meant no harm. (NMET)

A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told

21.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack_____be here at any moment.(NMET)

A.must B.need C.should D.can

22.Your coat is dirty,_____it for you?

A.Am I washing B.Will I wash C.Am I going to wash D.Shall I wash

23.No one _____that to his face.

A.dare say B.dare to say C.dares saying D.dares said

24.There used to be a church in the east of the town,_____?

A.didn’t there B.usen’t to there C.used there D.usedn’t to there

25._____you be happy!

A.Can B.May C.Must D.Would

26.Put on more clothes . You_____be feeling cold with only a shirt on.

A.would B.can C.could D.must

27.－Why didn’t you answer when I called you?

－I_____but you didn’t hear me.

A.had to B.couldn’t C.didn’t answer D.did

28.I_____that time is more valuable than money.

A.hardly need say B.need hardly say

C.need hardly to say D.hardly need to say

29.I____like to become a pianist some day.

A.will B.may C.would D.shall

30 He_____there now,but I am not sure.

A.maybe B.may be C.may have been D.might have been

31.－I didn’t see him yesterday.

－Oh,but you______.

A.ought to B.should have C.can’t have D.may have

32.－Where were you this morning?I tried to call you.

－I _____ to the library for a while.

A.tried to go B.should go C.must go D.had to go

33.The flower is dead.I_____it more water.

A.will give B.must give C.should have given D.would have given

34.－Does Tom want to go to the film?

－Yes,but he says_____tonight.

A.he’d not rather go B.he’ll rather not go

C.he won’t rather go D.he’d rather not go

35.－Did you walk home by yourself last night?

－Yes ,I did. But I guess I_____.

A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.may not have D.needn’t have

36.－Do you speak Japanese?

－No,I don’t , but I_____speak Chinese.

A.ought B.have to C.do D.must

37.If you_____quiet ,I’ll tell you what happned

A.be B.will be C.are D.are to be

38.－Look ,it_____be Li Ping.

－No,it____be him.He’s gone abroad.

A.may;mustn’t B.must;may C.must;can’t D.can;may not

39.Professor Wang,many students want to see you. _____they wait here or outside?

A.Do B.Are C.Will D.Shall

40.I can’t find Mr Wang anywhere in the office building.Where____he have gone?

A.may B.can C.must D.Should

41.Wherever you____,there’s no place like home.

A.can go B.must go C.might go D.may go

42.－Don’t forget to post the letter for me.

－I _____.

A.won’t B.will C.don’t D.can’t

43.－Must I take a taxi?

－No,you_____.You can walk from here.

A.don’t B.must not C.don’t have to D.had better not to

44.The bus _____start;I don’t know what to do with it.

A.can’t B.won’t C.shan’t D.may not

45.The car broke down on the way ,but we_____get out of the desert at last.

A.might B.would C.were able to D.could

46.The rest of the lecture_____interesting.

A.is B.are D.maybe D.sound

47.One and a half bananas____eaten by the little boy.

A.were B.was C.have been D.was to

48.The cattle_____still grazing in the fields.

A.was B.keeps C.were D.won’t

49.What caused the accident and who was responsible for it_____a mystery(谜)to

us.

A.remains B.remain C.is D.look like

50.All _____not gold that glitters.

A.is B.are C.was D.were

情态动词、主谓一致答案

1－5 B D B A A 6－10 D D D B D 11－15 B B C B A

16－20 D C A A A 21－25 C D A A B 26－30 D D D C B

31－35 B D C D D 36－40 C B C D B 41－45 D A C B C

46－50 A A C B A

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇4：语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词

（一）助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。

1、be (am, is, are, were, been)

(l)“be + -ing”构成进行时态；（2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；（3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：①表示按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。② 用于命令。You're to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。

2、have (has, had)

(1)“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。如：Have you seen the film ? (2)“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。如：What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么?

3、do (does, did)

(1)“do not + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。如：His brother doesn’t like playing basket.；(2)“Do + 主语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。Does he go to school by bike every day? (3)“do + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。如：I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。Do do some work. 请一定做点什么；(4)代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did.

4.will, shall (would, should)

“will (shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时，一般来说shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will代替shll，如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.

（二）情态动词

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。

将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下：

1、can和could (could为can的过去式) 的基本用法

(1)表示能力，如：He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用，如：You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示语气婉转，可用could代替can，这时could不再是can的过去式，如：Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式，如：He will be able to do the work better.

2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法

(1)表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意，如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般多不用may或 may not，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如：---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或 ---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些，如：May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用must not代替may not，如：---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous. (2)may或 might都可以表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如果用might表示可能性，则语气更加不肯定，如：They may (might) be in the library now .

3、must的基本用法

(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意，其否定式 must not，缩写形式为 mustn't，表示“不应该”，“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意，如：We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire. (2)对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have to (不必)来回答，而不用mustn't，因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意，如：---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days. (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，如：---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just bought him a new one.

4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法

(1)can, could后接完成式的用法：①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度，Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如：---- When did you answer her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后接完成式的用法 ①表示对过去某事的推测，认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might，语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定，如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before. ②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气，如：You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better. (3)must后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的推测，认为某事在过去一定做到了，如：Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.

5、have to 的基本用法：have to和must的意义相近，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观需要，如：I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.

6、ought to的基本用法

(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比should强，例如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推测，注意与must表示推测时的区别：He must be home by now .(断定他已到家)，He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定)，This is where the oil must be.(比较直率) ，This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) ；(3)“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。例如：You ought to have helped him. (but you didn’t) 这时，ought与 should可以互相换用。注意，在美国英语中ought to 用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如：Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much.

7、dare的基本用法

(l)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，如：Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词，其变化与一般行为动词相同，如：She dares to stay at home alone at night.

8、need的基本用法

(1)need作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，如：He needn't worry about us now. (2)need也可作为行为动词用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如：You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情，如：---- Did you answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn’t have answered it.

9、shall的基本用法

(1)shall用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意，如：He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示，如：Shall I open the door?

10、should的基本用法

(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意，如：You should learn from each other. (2)should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情，或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如：You should have give him more help.

11、will的基本用法

(1)用于各人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心”，如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿，如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“会要”之意，如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.

12、would的基本用法

(1)would作为will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”，如：He promised he would never smoke again. (2)在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时，比用will的气更加婉转，如：Would you like some more coffee? (3)在日常生活中，学用“I would like to…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转，如：I would like to do Ex.2 first. (4)would可以表示过去的习惯动作，比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week. (5)表料想或猜想，如：It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it.

13、used to, had better, would rather的用法

(1)used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变，例如：He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young. 在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问句：Did you use to/ Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否定句：I usedn’t to / didn’t use to go there. (usedn’t 也可写作usen’t)；否定疑问句：Usen’t you to/ Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre? 强调句：I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.；其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat. didn’t she?/ use(d)n’t she? Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did./ Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to. (2)had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式，例如：---- We had better go now . ---- Yes, we had (we'd better/ we had better)./ Hadn’t we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)/ I think I’d better be going. (用于进行时态，表“最好立即”)/ You had better have done that (用于完成时态，表未完成动作) 注：had better用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。(3)would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式，例如：I’d rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/ ---- Wouldn’t you rather stay here? ---- No, I would not. I’d rather go there. 由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than，例如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/ I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone. (句中的 'd rather不是情态动词，would 在此是表愿望的实义动词)

练习、助动词与情态动词

1. If they _________ to do this work, he might do it some other way.

A. were B. should C. will D. can

2. I was told yesterday that the company _________ me to Rome next week for a business conference.

A. should have sent B. were going to send C. should be sending D. should send

3. Let's take a walk, ________? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we

4. He was a good swimmer so he _________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.

A. could B. might C. should D. was able to

5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ________ see me.

A. can B. may C. might D. could

6. ---- _________ this book be yours? ---- No, it ________ not be mine. It ________ be his.

A. Can, must, may B. May, might, must C. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may

7. “We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. ” “He _________ it. ”

A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended

8. They _________ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.

A. can have missed B. may have missed C. can have lost D. may have lost

9. Since the ground is white, it _________ last night.

A. had snowed B. must have snowed C. must be snowing D. must have been snowing

10. You must be fifty, ________?

A. mustn't you B. needn't you C. aren't you D. mnyn't you

11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _________?

A. haven't you B. didn't you C. mustn't you D. needn't you

12. ---- That must be a mistake. ---- No .it _________ be.

A. can't B. isn't able to C. can D. was able to

13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _________ have told it to him.

A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't

14. How ________ so?

A. dare you to say B. dare you say C. do you dare say D. dare to say

15. You are their teacher. You _________ care of them.

A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take

16. She is studying medical science now but she _________ a lawyer.

A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been

17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _________ English every day.

A. will be used to speak B. will be used to speaking

C. must be used to speak D. would be used to speaking

18. I did not call to make my airline reservation (预订) but I _________.

A. should have B, may have C. must have D. shall have

19. As a girl, she _________ get up at six every day.

A. would B. will C. might D. should

20. Don't you remember that we _________ to the cinema tonight?

A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be gone

21. ---- Shall I tell John about it? ---- No, you _________. I've told him already.

A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't

22. “Would you mind if I open the window?” “__________”.

A. I don't like it B. Yes .please C. No, please D. No. I'm sorry

23. “Would you tell me something about the affair?” “__________”.

A. Yes .please B. All right C. Not at all D. I do

24. M:________?

T:I'd love to, but I'm afraid I have no time.“

M:0h, no. You'll surely come over.

T: It's very nice of you. But I'm sorry I have to go to a meeting.

A. Do you have lunch out in a restaurant B. Shall I have you with me at my birthday

C. Did you go to see the film D. Have you enjoyed yourself at the party

25. ”You ought to have come here ten minutes ago?“ ”Yes, I _________. “

A. ought to B. ought to have C. ought D. have ought to

26. ”Would you like to go out for a walk?“ ”Yes, ___________. “

A. I'd like to B. I'd like C. I'll like to D. I would

27. ________ you succeed !

A. Can B. May C. Must D. Will

28. Did he need ________ then?

A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left

29. Do you think if he dares _________ in public.

A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. spoken

30. He ________ eating American food since he came here.

A. used to B. has been used C. has been used to D. was used to

31. A computer ________ think for itself; it ________ be told what to do.

A. may not, must B. mustn't, might C. shouldn't, could D. can't, must

32. ”________ you mind my opening the window?“ ”Not at all. “

A. Shall B. Should C. Will D. Would

33.1 didn't hear the phone. I _________ asleep.

A. must be B. must have been C. should have been D. could have been

34. You _________ me about it earlier, but you didn't.

A. should have told B. would have told C. must have told D. should tell

35. The teacher told the students that they ________ keep silent in class all the time.

A. ought to not B. ought not to C. ought not to have D. can't

36. ”May I go now?“ ”No, you ________. “

A. mustn't B. needn't C. mightn't D. won't

37. You _________ do the exercise if you don't want to.

A. may not B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't

38. You _________ pay more attention to your spelling next time.

A. would B. should C. will D. shall

39. The girl _________ out alone at night.

A. dare not go B. dare not to go C. dares not go D. does not dare go

40. There ________ be a lot of small houses on both sides of the street.

A. used to B. get used to C. would D. did use to

参考答案：

语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词

1~5 ABDDD 6~10 CBBBC 11~15 BACBC 16~20 ADAAC 21~25 ACBBB

26~30 ABBCC 31~35 DDBAB 36~40 ADBAA

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇5：语法系列复习-----非谓语动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法系列复习专题-----非谓语动词

非谓语动词

非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。

一、动词不定式

1．常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done

完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done

进行式to be doing

2．语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成

分）。例如：

1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.

2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.

3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall?

Can you give us some advice on what to do next?

4）宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.

I didnt notice them come in.

注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, 其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.

help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth.

5）定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set

to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.

6）状语： in order to

A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.

注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。

B．原因状语： Im glad to see you . 注：这种“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.

C．结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。

△在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work.

注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。

另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，

如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.

△在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work .

3．复合结构不定式（for sb. to do sth.），可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。for 本身无意义，sb.可称之为不定式的逻辑主语。例如：I think it necessary for him to go there at once.（复合结构不定式作宾语）

注：当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，不用for, 而用of,

如：It is kind of you to help me .（相当于You are kind to help me .）这类形容词有good,nice,kind,wise, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, careless, impolite（不礼貌）等。right, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. 也可用于of sb. to do sth. 例如：Its right/wrongg for him to do the work alone.

4．疑问词＋不定式：可作主语、表语或宾语。如：How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主语）We dont know when and where to go .（宾语）

5．动词不定式的否定式（not to do sth.），语法功能同不定式肯定式。

6．不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：

1）一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或

没有时间限制。例如：

They often watch us play table tennis.（与谓语动作同时）

She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后）

It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制）

The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制）

2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：Im sorry to have kept you waiting. /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.

3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生。例如：

She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.

7．不定式的被动式：名词、代词为不定式的逻辑宾语时，一般用不定式被动式，

例如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long.

注：关于不定式的主动式表被动义用法参见《动词时态、语态》一讲。

一、分词

1．分词形式：有现在分词和过去分词两种。过去分词只有一种形式，现在分词则有：

一般主动式doing, 一般被动式being done, 完成主动式having done,完成被动式having been done

2．语法功能：在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语。

3．现在分词和过去分词的区别：

1）语态不同：现在分词表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。例如：the moving film 动人的电影，the moved girl 受感动的姑娘，a running machine 一台转动的机器， a stolen car 一辆被盗的汽车

注：关于心理状态动词的－ing形式表主动意，－ed形式表被动意，详见该讲后的专题。

2）时间关系上不同：现在分词表正在进行的动作，过去分词往往表已经完成的动作。

例如：a developing country 发展中的国家，a developed country发达的国家

4．现在分词的基本用法：

1）一般主动式用法：

A．作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.(＝The child who is sleeping is…)/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(＝The girl who is writing a letter can…)

The factory making TV sets is very large.(＝The factory which makes TV sets is very large.)

B．作表语：The story sounds very interesting./The news is very exciting.

C．作宾补：学用于see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后。

例如：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom coming out of the house. /Dont keep the students doing homework all day.

注：上述动词后跟不定式作宾补表示动作的过程，而不是正在进行中的动作，而现在分词作宾补则表示正在进行中的动作。例如：I heard them singing in the room

when I passed it.(singing不可改为sing) Do you often hear them sing in the room ?(sing不可改为singing)

have sb. do sth. 与have sb. doing sth. 的区别：前者have＝let, 后者have 有时表“keep”意，有时表“employ（雇用）”意。如：

Ill have him go with me.我将让他和我一块去。

Ill have him working in my compary.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。

Dont have the machine working all day .不要让机器整天工作。

D．作状语：

①时间状语：Reading the letter, I couldnt help thinking of my school life.

②原因状语：Being ill, I didnt go to school yesterday.

③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.

2）完成主动式用法：

这种分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能作定语用。例如：

Having finished her homework,she went to bed. /Not having received his letter, she wrote to him again.

3）一般被动式用法：

表示正在发生的被动动作，在句中作定语或状语。

例如：The car being repaired is mine.(＝The car which is being repaired is mine.) /Being repaired,the car cant be used.(＝As/Because it is being repaired,the car cant be used.)

4）完成被动式用法：

表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作，在句中多作状语，不能作定语。

例如：Having been praised a second time ,I decided to make still greater progress.

5．过去分词的基本用法：

1）作定语：The stolen car was found by the police last week.

2）作表语：The glass is broken. /When I got to the classroom,the door was locked.

3）作宾补：You must have your hair cut.

4）作状语：Given more time ,we can do the work much better.

6．独立主格结构：

当分词有它自己的独立主语（不同于句子主语的名词或代词）时，则是一种独立

主格结构形式，在句中作状语、定语等。例如：

The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.(＝When the bell rang,we all stopped talking.) /There being no bus, we had to walk home .(＝There was no bus ,so we had to walk home.)

7．使用现在分词的几个注意点：

(1)作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，例如：

Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city.（正）

(Standing＝When we stood)

Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could be seen.（误）

Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.（正）（Having found

＝After/When they had found）

Having found the cause, the experiment continued.（误）

(2)短暂动词（即瞬间动词）的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或定语。例如：

He saw the old man knocked down by the car.(knocked down不可改为being knocked down或having been knicked down)

Do you like the dictionary bought by Zhang Ming?(bought不可改为being bought或having been bought)

<2>现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：

现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：

(1) 作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：

Do you see the hospital there?

你看见了那边那个医院吗？

The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。（句中connected无时间性）

(2) 作原因状语，现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：

Being led(＝Led )by the Party,the Chinese people have won great victories.

(3) 作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去分词。例如：

The soldiers lay on the ground,covered with nothing.

(4) 作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。例如：Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.

如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。例如：

Discussed(＝Having been discussed)many times, the problem was settled at

last.

如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。例如：

Not having been invited,she had to stay at home.

(5)在have,get之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式作宾补。例如：Ill have my hair cut.(cut不能改为being cut或be cut)He got his watch repaired.(repaired不能改为being repaired或to be repaired)

(6)在make, order, want, like, wish等动词后，多用过去分词作宾补，少用现在分词被动式作宾补。例如

The speaker couldnt make himself heard.(一般不说being heard)

He wanted his house painted.(一般不说being painted)

8.心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式

所谓心理状态动词是指含有使动意，使人产生某种情感、心理变化的动词。如：surprise使惊讶；interest使感兴趣。它们的-ing形式含主动意义，-ed形式含被动意义。皆可视为形容词。例如：surprising令人惊讶的，interesting令人感兴趣的；surprised（因…）感到惊讶的，interested（因…）感到兴趣的。下面的句子可显示两者的区别：

The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it.

She was much surprised at the surprising news.

已学的心理状态动词有：astonish,bore(使厌烦),delight,disappoint,

discourage,encourage,excite,frighten,interest,move(使感动)，please（使高兴）,puzzle（使迷惑）,satisfy（使满意）,surprise,shock,tire（使疲劳）,trouble,upset（使不安）,worry

它们的-ing形式多和物连用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting./a boring report(一个令人厌烦的报告),a tiring walk（累人的步行）。

它们的-ed形式多和人连用，如：an excited girl,/Im tired.

但是也有-ing形式和人连用，-ed形式和物连用的现象。如：an inspiring leader一位有感召力的领袖，an amusing girl一个讨人喜欢的女孩，a puzzled expression一种迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightened voice.她用受了惊吓的声音说着话。

三、动名词

1．形式同现在分词，有四种。

2．动名词的基本用法：

1）作主语：Seeing is believing. /Talking is easier than doing. /it isnt necessary explaining to him. /Its no use waiting here.

2）作表语：My hobby（爱好）is collecting stamps . /His job is washing and cooking.

3）作宾语：When he came in,we all stopped talking . /He has given up smoking. /We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. /Are you fond of dancing?/The boy isnt worth teaching.

注有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，有些动词后跟不定式。动名词作宾语含义不同。详见第6点。

4）作定语：This is her fathers walking stick.

3．动名词的复合结构：形式：his/him working there,Wang Dongs/Wang Dong working

there

语法功能：

1）作主语：Your smoking too much will do harm to your health.（动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，只能用sbs的形式，此句中的Your不可改为You。）

2）作宾语：I dont like his/him staying with us.

3）作表语：My joy is his winning the table－tennis game.（his不能改为him）

4．动名词的完成式：

动名词的一般式所表示的动作为一种时间要领不强的或泛指的动作，或是与句中谓语同时发生。或在谓语之后发生的动作。

如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，则要用完成式。例如：

We were praised for having completed our task ahead of time.

在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等动词之后，某些介词后，或某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。例如：

I remember him some money before.

He forgot me that. /After finishing his homework,he

went out for a walk.

5．动名词的被动式

如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式。

例如：The problem is far from being settled.

动名词的完成被动式往往用一般被动式来代替，以免句子显得累赘。例如：

I still remember being invited（代替having been invited）by a famous artist when I was in Shanghai.

6．动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较

<1>作主语：

(1)多数情况两者可以互换。例如：Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.

Talking is easy and doing is difficult.＝To talk is easy and to do is

difficult.

(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，宜用不定式。例如：

It took him two hours to finish the work.

To be a scientist is his desire（愿望）.

(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词。例如：

Getting up early is a good habit.

<2>作宾语：

(1) 有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多，主要有：begin, start,

continue, love, prefer等。

(2) 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，主要有：wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse,

decide.

(3) 有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：finish, imagine, insist on,enjoy, escape, consider, cant help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, put off（延迟）＝delay, suggest.feel like, look forward to,devote…to(doing),be worth.

(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on

A.forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事＝forget having done sth.＝forget to have

done sth.

B.remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记住做过某事

C.regret to do sth. 遗憾（要）做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事

D.stop to do sth. 停下（原事）去做某事（不定式作目的状语）

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

E.mean to do sth. 决意／打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味／表明做某事

F.try to do sth. 努力／设法去做某事

try doing sth. 试图／尝试用某一方法做某事

G.want/need/require to do sth. 要／想做某事

want/need/require dong. 需要／想要被…

H.go on to do sth. 继续做不同的事 go on doing sth. 继续做相同的事

7．使用现在分词的几个注意点：

(1)作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，例如：

Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city.（正）

(Standing＝When we stood)

Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could be seen.（误）

Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.（正）（Having found

＝After/When they had found）

Having found the cause, the experiment continued.（误）

(2)短暂动词（即瞬间动词）的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或定语。例如：

He saw the old man knocked down by the car.(knicked down不可改为being knocked down或having being knicked down)

Do you like the dictionary bought by Zhang Ming?(bought不可改为being bought或having been bought)

<2>现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：

现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：

(5) 作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：

Do you see the hospital there?

你看见了那边那个医院吗？

The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。（句中connected无时间性）

(6) 作原因状语，现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：

Being led(＝Led )by the Party,the Chinese people have won great victories.

(7) 作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去动词。例如：

The soldiers lay on the ground,covered with nothing.

(8) 作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。例如：Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.

如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。例如：

Discussed(＝Having been discussed)many times, the problem was settled at

last.

如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。例如：

Not having been invited,she had to stay at home.

(6)在make, order, want, like, wish等动词后，多用过去分词作宾补，少用现在分词被动式作宾补。例如

The speaker couldnt make himself heard.(一般不说being heard)

He wanted his house painted.(一般不说being painted)

8.心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式

The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it.

She was much surprised at the surprising news.

已学的心理状态动词有：astonish,bore(使厌烦),delight,disappoint,

它们的-ing形式多和物连用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting.a boring report(一个令人厌烦的报告),a tiring walk（累人的步行）。

它们的-ed形式多和人连用，如：an excited girl,Im tired.

非谓语动词考点分析

1．The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,didt include women players until

1919.(NMET)

A.first playing B.to be first played

C.first played D.to be first playing

析：根据题干，必须选表示被动的选项，故排除A、D；因B选项表“将要被举行”意，不

合题干之用，只有C选项（相当于which was first played）才合用。

2．European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport

in the world.(NMET)

A.making B.makes C.made D.to make

析：B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项to make或表目的，或表“将要使得”，这都不合题干情景。只有A.making,可作状语，表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例：

The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽误了。

3．Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.(NMET)

A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking

析：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项，C、D应排除。Take后无宾语，必然要用被动式，故答案为A。

4．John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.(NMET)

A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing

析：根据be made to do sth.句式，可定答案为A。

5．The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.(NMET)

A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating

析：根据warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式，可排除B、D两项；又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律，又可排除A，而定C。

6．--I usually go there by train.

--Why not ______ by boat for a change?(NMET)

A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going

析：此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D。若将B项改为try to go，则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案。依据题干对话内容，乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样，所以答案仍为D。

7．______ a reply,he decided to write again.(NMET)

A.Not receiving B.Receiving not

C.Not having received D.Having not received

析：非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位，B、D皆为错误形式。A项不能表达先于decided

的动作，只有选C项才表没收到信在先，决定再写信在后，所以C为正确答案。

8．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.(NMET)

A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented析：consider表“考虑”意时，其后动词用doing形式，此处不表“考虑”，而表“认为”，

这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式。

据此可排除B、D两个选项。又因A表“要发明”意，不合题用，只有C表“发明了”意，才合题用，故选C。

9．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.

A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited

析：“被邀请参加晚会”，应选表被动意的选项，B不可用。D项少引导词who，也应排除。

又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语，C也应排除，只有A.invited(＝who were

invited)才是正确答案。

10．The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.(NMET)

A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied

析：B表主动意，应排除。C表“将要被捆绑”，A表“正在被捆绑”都不合题意，只有D项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思，符合题干情景。再看一类似例句：

He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了进来。

非谓语动词专练

1.______ more attention,the trees could have grown better.

A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving

2.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out

in the 16th century.

A.to be written B.written C.being written D.having written

3.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.

A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing

4.______ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing

5.When passing me he pretended ______ me.

A.to see B.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen

6.The children insisted ______ there on foot.

A.they going B.they would go C.on their going D.going

7.He still remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.

A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken

8.______ the railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left.

A.Arriving at;to find B.Coming to;discovering that

C.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out

9.With the boy ______ the way,we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan

Park.

A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead

C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led

10.______ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Being

and ______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more

beautiful.

A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen

11.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(NMET)

A.to have sailed B.to sail C.sailing D.sail

12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air ______ against

your face.(MET)

A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move

13.______ is known to all,China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or

30 years time.

A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing

14.While shopping,people sometimes cant help ______ into buying something they

dont really need.

A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded

15.There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.(MET)

A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed

16.Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .

A.come;permitted B.coming;permitted

C.comimg;being permitted D.to come;being permitted

17.______ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the

meeting ______ then.

A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding

C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held

18.--Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?

--Yes,and I heard this song ______ in English.

A.sing;singing B.sung;sung C.sung;singing D.singing;sung

19.The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.

A.discussed;discussed B.discussing;had discussed

C.being discussed;discussed D.discussing;discussing

20.With the cooking ______ ,I went on ______ some sewing.

A.done;to do B.being done;doing

C.to be done;doing D.to have done;doing

21.It is no use ______ your past mistakes.

A.regretting B.regret C.to regret D.regretted

22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her,only ______ her five

children.

A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.leaving;left D.left;leaving

23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem ______ .

A.to work B.to work out

C.to be worked out D.to work it out

24.I would appreciate ______ back this affernoon.(NMET)

A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling

25.Climbing mountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ .

A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired

26.I saw some villagers ______ on the bench at the end of the room.

A.seating B.seat

C.seated D.seated themselves

27.She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.

A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking

28.It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.

A.to solve B.to be solved C.solved D.solving

29.______ maps properly,you need a special pen.

A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing

30.There is a river ______ around our school.

A.to run B.run C.running D.to be running

31.How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?

A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taken

32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home,

but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. ______ when I got home.

A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing

33.Whth the kind－hearted boy ______ me with my work,Im sure Ill be able to spare

time ______ with your work.

A.to help;help you out B.helping;helping you

C.helped;to help you out D.to help;to help you

34.Greatly movedd by her words, ______ .

A.tears came to his eyes B.he could hardly hold back his tears

C.tears could hardly be held back D.his eyes were filled with tears.

35.--I hope the children wont touch the dog.

--Ive warned them ______ .

A.not B.not to C.not touch D.not do

36.I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to

finish a report.(NMET)

A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone

37.When ______ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and

said nothing.

A.been asked B.asked C.asking D.to be asked

38.The man kept silent in the room unless ______ .

A.spoken to B.spoke to C.spoken D.to speak

39.He was often listened ______ in the next room.

A.sing B.sung C.to sing D.to to sing

40.Rather than ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.(NMET)

A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding

41.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ______ .

A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to

42.Whats troubling them is ______ enough experienced workers.

A.that they have to B.they have not

C.their not having D.not their having

43.______ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with

Bill.

A.Not knowing B.Knowing not

C.Not having known D.Having not know

44.Bamboo is used ______ houses in some places .

A.to build B.to building C.to be built D.being built

45.Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.(MET)

A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing

46.The day we looked forward to ______ .

A.come B.coming C.has come D.have come

47.Whom would you rather ______ the work?

A.to have to do B.to have do C.have to do D.have do

48.Do you think it any good ______ with him again?

A.to talk B.talking C.to talking D.having talked

49.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .

A.accepting fully B.being fully accepted

C.fully accepting D.fully being accepted

50.The government forbids ______ such bad books.

A.published B.to publish C.publish D.publishing

非谓语动词专练答案

1―5 C B D B D 6―10 C B A A A 11―15 C B C C B 16―20 C A D C A

21―25 A D B C A 26―30 C C B C C 31―35 C A D B B 36―40 B B A D C

41―45 A C A A A 46―50 C D A B D

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇6：语法系列复习十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型

虚拟语气

虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。

一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法

常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：

Long live the Peoples Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！

be happy! 快乐！

have a good time! 玩得愉快！

succeed! 成功！

make progress! 进步！

二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：

1．在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法

1）表示与现在事实相反

条件从句主句

一般过去时（be多用于were） would/should/could/might＋动词原形

例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation.

如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。

If I had time,I would go there.

如果我有空，我就去那儿。

2）与过去事实相反

条件从句主句

过去完成时 would/should/could/might＋have done

例如：If you had come earlier,you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus.

如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。

If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.

如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。

3）与将来事实可能相反

条件从句主句

一般过去时（be多用were）

should do,were to do would/should/could/might＋动词原形

例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be

put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）

If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.

万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。

4） if的省略

如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should

置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。

例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.

5)条件句或主句的省略

当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。

例如：--Why didnt you attend the party yesterday?

--I would/should have,but I was too busy then.

I was surprised that you didnt like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.）

6)混合时间条件句与主句

条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。

例如：If the teacher hadnt been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.

7)含蓄条件句与主句

即用without(＝but for),or(else)代替if从句。

例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.

＝If his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.

2.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法：

在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：

The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years.

注：as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）

3．在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：

1）在wish后的宾语从句中的用法：

A．与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done”形式。例如：I wish I had passed yesterdays exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。

B．与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did”形式。例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.

C．表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do”形式。例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!

2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为“(should) do”形式。例如：I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/

insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.

3)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”结构中，that从句的谓语用一般过去

时或“should do”形式。例如：It is high time he 他该开始了。

4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,

advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do”形式。例如：

My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.

虚拟语气考点分析

1．--Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?

--I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)

A.had B.would C.was going to D.did

析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadnt had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。

2．If there were no subjunctive,English ______ much easier. (NMET)

A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be

析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。

3．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (NMET)

A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey

析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。

4．I wish I _____ you yesterday.

A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see

析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。

5．-- If he _____ ,he _____ that food.

-- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET)

A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken

C.wuld be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken

析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。

6.Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. (NMET)

A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be

析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。

7．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____. (NMET)

A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken

析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。

8．You didnt let me drive.If we _____ in turn,you _____ so tired. (NMET)

A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get

C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got

析：观察题干，可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是D。

9．I didnt see your uncle at the party.If he _____ ,he would have said hello to

me.

A.would come B.had come C.came D.did come

析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。

10．_____ it _____ for your help,I couldnt have made any progress.

A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be

析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）

11．Mr Smith was badly ill,or he _____ our dinner party.

A.should come to B.would have attended

C.would come to D.should have attended

析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为B。

倒装句型

英语的倒装有两大类型：

一、全部倒装：指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装，有下列几种情况：

1． here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首时引起全部倒装。

例如：

Here is a letter for you./There goes the last train./The door opened,and in came Mr Smith./Away went the boy./Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas./Back came the others./Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand./Then came a noise like thunder./Now comes the bus.

2．介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首，引起全部倒装。例如：

In the corner of the room stands a writing－table./South of the city lies a big factory./Under the bed lies a cat./In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long.

注：以上两种完全倒装主语必须是名词，谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词，如lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,rise,walk,run等，主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列，则不用完全倒装。例如：

Here it rains a lot every month of the year./Here we are!/Off you go!/Then she went to the shop.

3．在there be 结构中，采用全部倒装语序。例如：

There is a book in the bag.

表系主语

4．代词such作表语，意“这样的人”“这样的物”，应置于句首，其后全部倒装。例如：

Such were the facts./Such would be our home in the future.

二、部分倒装：指部分谓语（如助动词、情态动词）位于主语之前的倒装。有下列一些情况：

1．一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意问句要求部分倒装。例如：Has he finished his work?/Its

a lovely day,isnt it?

2．特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语的特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。例如：

When did you go there?/Which do you like best?

3．only修饰动词、介词短语、状语从句，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装。例如：

Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.

注：“only＋名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。例如：

Only he can do it.(正) Only can he do it. (误)

4．含有否定意义的副词，如：not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句

首时，要求部分倒装。例如：

Hardly can I believe that./Never has he been to the Great Wall./Seldom does she

write to me.

5．not only…but(also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部

分倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。例如；

Not only should we study science,but also we should pay attention to politics.

注：若not only…but(also)…连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。

6．not until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。例如：

Not until he was ten did he go to school./Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in.

7．hardly…when…;no sooner…than…句型中，若hardly,no sooner位于句首时，主句

中要求部分倒装。例如：

Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang./No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包围)by the workers.

8．so表“也”、“同样”意，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。例如：

You can swim,so can I./If you go,so will I.

倒装语序考点分析

1． Not only _____ polluted but _____ crowded. (上海高考)

A.was the city;were the streets B.the city was;the streets were

C.was the city;the streets were D.the city was;were the streets

析：not only部分要部分倒装，可排除B、D。but(also)部分不要倒装，故C为正确答案。

2． Little _____ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.

(上海高考)

A．does he care B.did he care C.he care D.he cared

析：否定意义的Little在句首，该句要倒装，故答案在A、B之中选择一个，因A的时

态不对，故答案为B。

3．Only in this way _____ progess in your English. (NMET)

A.you make B.can you make C.you be able to make D.will you able to come

析：Only 修饰in this way置于句首，句子要部分倒装，故答案为B。

4．Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was.(NMET)

A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realized

C.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize

析：由于Not until在句首，主句要采用部分倒装，这样先可排除B、C，又由于D不

应该用didnt,故A为正确答案。

5．Be quick! _____

A.The bus comes here B.The bus here comes

C.Here the bus comes D.Here comes the bus

析：用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作出现在倒装句中，所以此题答案为D。（＝The bus is coming here.）

6．On the wall _____ two large portraits. (NMET)

A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging

析：由于介词短语on the wall位于句首，全句要采用完全倒装式，因为主语是复数，所以正确答案为B。

虚拟语气、倒装句型专练

1. Little _____ about what others think.

A.he has cared B.he cares C.cared he D.does he care

2._____ got into the room _____ the telephone rang. (NMET)

A.He hardly had;then B.Hardly had he;when

C.He had not;than D.Not had he;when

3.Only by practising a few hours every day _____ be able to master the language.

(上海高考)

A．you can B.can you C.you will D.will you

4.If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it.

A.saw;would ask B.had seen;would have asked

C.had seen;would ask D.saw;would have asked

5.What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days?

A.is B.will be C.were D.would be

6._____ you succeed in everything and _____ you be healthy.

A.Hope;wish B.Wish;hope C.May;may D.Expect;hope

7.But for your help,I _____ the place.

A.cant find B.cant have found C.couldnt have found D.havent found

8.If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday,he _____ her from going.

A.had been;would have prevented B.had been;would prevent

C.were;would prevent D.were;would have prevented

9.If it had not been for the liberation,no changes _____ place in my hometown.

A.would have taken B.would have been taken C.will taken D.will be taken

10._____ late tommorrow,who would take her place?

A.Should Miss Green come B.If Miss Green would come

C.Miss Green should come D.If Miss Green comes

11._____ it _____,the crops _____ be saved.

A.Had;rained;could B.Should;rain;would

C.If;rains;should D.Would;rain;should

12.The actor is over fifty.But he acts as if he _____ a young man.

A.is B.will be C.should be D.were

13.It seems as if it ____ already summer now.

A.were B.be C.is D.had been

14.I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday.

A.saw B.could see C.had seen D.was seeing

15.I made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made.

A.stick to B.stuck to C.insist D.insisted on

16.It is suggested that a study plan _____ right now.

A.is made B.is to be made C.be made D.had been made

17.They required that we _____ them get in the crops.

A.help B.helped C.were helping D.would help

18.She should have attended the class,but she _____ .

A.hadnt B.hasnt C.didnt D.doesnt

19.It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library,which made the smokers unhappy.

A.is forbidden B.would permit C.be allowed D.should not be allowed

20.Not once _____ his view of life.

A.did the gentleman mention B.the gentleman mentioned

C.mentioned the gentleman D.does the gentleman mention

21.In the sun _____ a group of young soldiers,gun in hand.

A.did stand B.had stood C.standing D.stood

22. --You forgot to hand in your homework yesterday.

--Good heavens! _____.Here you are.

A.So I did B.So did I C.I did,too D.So you have

23._____ with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise.

A.Out did he rush B.Rushed he out C.Out rushed he D.Out he rushed

24.No sooner _____ finished the composition _____ the light went out.

A.I had;when B.I had;than C.had I;when D.had I;than

25.It was not until _____ to prepare his lessons.

A. did his father come in that the boy began

B. his father came in that the boy began

C. did his father come in did the boy begin

D. his father came in did the boy begin

26._____,so you are not a friend of mine.

A.I never saw you before B.Never before I have seen you

C.Never before have I seen you D.Never had I seen you before

27.--David has made great progress recently.

--_____,and _____. (上海高考)

A.So he has;so you have B.So he has;so have you

C.So has he;so have you D.So has he;so you have

28.Never _____ till tomorrow what may be done today.

A.put off B.do put off C.did you put off D.you will put off

29.--Have you written these letters?

--No,_____ time to do any other work yet.

A.hardly I have B.I have had hardly

C.I have hardly had D.I hardly have had

30._____ get such a pair of shoes for my son?

A.Where do you think can I B.Do you think where can I

C.Do you think where I can D.Where do you think I can

31.Then _____ that the enemy were gone.

A.the news came B.came the news C.did the news come D.did come the news

32.--What a beautiful bridge,_____?

--Yes,_____?

A.isnt it;isnt it B.is it;is it C.isnt it;it is D.is it;it isnt

33.Along the path _____,on which _____ “Keep off the Grass”.

A.stood some signs;were written B.stood some signs;wrote

C.some signs stood;were written D.some signs stood;wrote

34.He took a taxi so that he _____ there in time.

A.was able to be B.got C.could get D.should get

35.Id rather Tom _____ tomorrow.

A.come B.would come C.came D.will come

36.It is about time you ____ the medicine,sir.

A.will take B.should take C.must take D.are to take

37.If there _____ no electricity in the future,our life _____ change a lot.

A.will be;will B.is;will C.should be;would D.would be;would

38.Without the Communist Party there ____ New China.

A.hadnt been a B.is not a C.would be no D.was not a

39.There _____ a lot of deer in the forest.

A.have B.are C.is D.has

40.From space _____ like a huge water－covered globe(球体).

A.looks the earth B.does look the earth

C.the earth looks D.does the earth look

虚拟语气、倒装句型答案

1－5 D B D B C 6－10 C C A A A 11－15 B D A C A

16－20 C A C C A 21－25 D A D D B 26－30 C B A C D

31－35 B A A C C 36－40 B C C B C

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇7：情态动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

情态动词

情态动词一般用法，大家都比较熟悉，但是，到了高中阶段，它的用法外延的比较多，很难理解和掌握。这里，就其考点列举如下：

一．情态动词的现在完成式的用法

情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面must/mustn’t;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t; oughtn’t等情态动词＋完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的

1．表示已经发生的情况。

1） must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……如：

My pain____apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?”

A must be B had been C must have been D had to be

2） can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”,如：

Mary____my letter; otherwise she would have replied before

A couldn’t have received B ought to have received

C has received D shouldn’t have received

3） may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。如：

At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.

2．表示虚拟语气。

1) needn’t have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于”didn’t need to do”,译为“其实没必要……”。如：

As it turned out to be a small house party, we____so formally.

A needn’t dress up B did not need have dressed up

C did not need dress up D needn’t have dressed up

2）should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该……”should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该……”。如：

I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.

（我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好，但实际上作者还是没有规划好，以至工作没有完成。）

3) ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”，与should 的完成式含义类似。如：

You ought to have told him that the paint on that seat was wet..

4) could have +过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。如：

What you said is right, but you could have done it better.

5) may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“（那样）也许会……”。如：

You may have noticed something while you were doing this task.

3.几个情态动词常考的句型：

1)may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近,意为“最好，还是，不妨”。

You may as well repeat the experiment.

2) cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over….如：

You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。

3) usedn’t 或did’t use to 为used to (do) 的否定式。

Tom used not to rise at six every morning.

4）should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：

I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做。

二．情态动词被动关系的主动表达法

1． want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。

Your hair wants cutting

The work is worth reading

The floor requires washing.

2．need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义

The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.

The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.

补充：

had better, should, ought to是重要的情态动词，也是高考重要考点，学习时应注意下列几点：

一、了解相互间关系

had better(最好), should(应该)与ought to（应该）均为提建议、阐述观点的情态动词，其后接动词原形。should 比had better语气强，ought to语气最强。一般情况下should与ought to可通用。

例1：You had better go there at once. 你最好立即去那里。

例2：You ought to / should work hard.你应该努力工作。

值得注意的是：should还有”竟然“之意，表出乎意料。

例：You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady. 你真是难以想象这么一个有风度的先生对一个女子是如此之粗鲁。

二、掌握句型变换方法

had better, should, ought to作为情态动词，各种句型变换均在自身形式上作变化。

（一）否定句

had better, should, ought to用于否定句时，否定词均位于其后，具体形式为：had better not do, shouldn't / should not do, oughtn't to do。

例1：You had better not start at this time. 此时你最好别出发。

例2：He shouldn't be careless in class. 他上课时不应粗心。

例3：She oughtn't to waste time. 她不应该浪费时间。

（二）一般疑问句

had better, should, ought to用于一般疑问句时，分别将had, should, ought提至句首。

例1：Had he better start early at once? 他最好立即出发吗？

例2：Should you do like this? 你应该这么做吗？

例3：Ought he to go there? 他应该去那里吗？

（三）反意疑问句

陈述句谓语动词含had better, should, ought to时，反意疑问句为：had, should与ought+主格人称代词或hadn't, shouldn't, oughtn't+主格人称代词。

例1：You had better not go home, had you? 你最好别回家，是吗？

例2：You should study hard,

shouldn't you? 你应该认真学习，是吗？

例3：He oughtn't to speak in class, ought he? 你上课不应该讲话，是吗？

三、掌握其完成式用法

had better没有完成式，should与ought to完成式意义与用法完全相同。

（一）should/ought to have done 意为本来应做但实际没有做，表达遗憾的感情色彩。

例：There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You ________ come, but why didn't you?

A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have

析：答案D。该空含你本来应来但实际未来之意，应填ought to have。

（二）should / oughtn't to have done，意为本来不应做但实际已做，表达遗憾的感情色彩。

例：I was really anxious about you. You ________ home without a word.

A. mustn't leave

B. shouldn't have left

C. couldn't have left

D. needn't leave

析：答案B。该空含你本不应该一句话不说就离开家但实际已这么做之意，所以应填shouldn't have left。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇8：高三英语复习与训练二十一一--情态动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

高三英语复习与训练二十一一--情态动词

21. 情态动词

21.1 情态动词的语法特征

1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

21.2 比较can 和be able to

1）can/could 表示能力；可能（过去时用could）, 只用于现在式和过去式（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：

They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2）只用be able to的情况：

a. 位于助动词后。

b. 情态动词后。

c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。

d. 用于句首表示条件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：

He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.

他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。

注意：could有时不表示时态

1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：

--- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？

--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。

2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：

He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。

21.3 比较may和might

1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：

May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！

He might be at home. 他可能在家。

注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may 小。

2）成语：may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为”不妨“。例如：

If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况确实如此，我们不妨试一试。

典型例题

Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

A. must B. may C. can D. will

答案B. 表可能性只能用may。此句意可从后半句推出。

21.4 比较have to和must

1）两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.

弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）

He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）

2） have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如：

He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。

3）否定结构中：don't have to表示”不必“，mustn't表示”禁止“。例如：

You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。

You mustn't tell him about it. 你不得把这件事告诉他。

21.5 must表示推测

1） must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为”一定“。

2） must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。例如：

You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）

He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较：He must be staying there. 他现在肯定在那里。

He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。

3） must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。例如：

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

4） must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。例如：

---Why didn't you answer my phone call? 为何不接我的电话？

---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.唉，肯定在睡觉，所以没有听见。

5）否定推测用can't。例如：

If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。

21.6 表示推测的用法

can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：

1）情态动词+动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。例如：

I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 我不知道她在哪儿，可能在武汉。

2）情态动词+动词现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。例如：

At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时，想必我们老师正在批改试卷。

3）情态动词+动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测。例如：

The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时，表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。例如：

Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。例如：

Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.

迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。

21.7 情态动词+ have +过去分词

1） may（might） have + done sth, can （could） have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如：

Philip may （might） have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 菲力浦可能在车祸中受了重伤。

Philip can （could） have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

2） must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有”肯定“，”谅必“的意思。例如：

---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. 琳达已经去上班了，但她的单车还在这儿。

---She must have gone by bus.肯定乘巴士去的。

3） ought to have done sth, should have done sth表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示”不该做某事而做了“。例如：

You ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment. 你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。

He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不该把旧衣服扔了。（事实上已扔了。）

ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

4） needn't have done sth表示本没必要做某事，但做了。例如：

I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.

旅行时，我衣服穿得较多，其实没有必要。那时天很热。

5） would like to have done sth表示本打算做某事，但没做。例如：

I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想读这篇文章，但太忙了一直没读。

17.8 21.8 should 和ought to

除了上述的用法，两者还可表示”想必一定，按理应该“的意思。例如：

I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能维持了。

It ought to be ready now. 想必现在准备好了吧。

They should be there by now, I think. 现在他们该到那儿了。

The poems should be out in a month at most. 诗集估计最多还有一个月就要出版了。

21.9 had better表示”最好“，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。例如：

It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。

She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。

had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为”本来最好“。例如：

You had better have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点。

21.10 would rather表示”宁愿“

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than… 宁愿…而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示”宁愿“、”宁可“的意思。例如：

If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. 如果有选择的余地，我宁可辍学离开这个学校。

I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我宁愿呆在这儿，而不愿回家。

典型例题

----Shall we go skating or stay at home?

----Which ___ do?

A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather

答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为”宁愿“，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。

21.11 will和would

注意：1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。例如：

Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗？

2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。例如：

Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。

3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。

Won't you sit down? 你不坐下吗？

21.12 情态动词的回答方式

问句肯定回答否定回答

Need you…? Yes, I must. No, I needn't

Must you…? No, I don't have to.

典型例题

1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?

---Yes, of course, you____.

A. might B. will C. can D. should

答案C. could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。

2）---Shall I tell John about it?

---No, you ___. I've told him already.

A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't

答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。

3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

---______.

A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't

答案B. will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表”意愿、意志、决心“，本题表示决心，选B。

21.13 带to 的情态动词

带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to （=must）, be able to，为六个。它们的疑问、否定形式应予以注意：

Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?

She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.

You ought not to have told her all about it.

Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?

ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。

典型例题

Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.

A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told

答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have told。

21.14 比较need和dare

这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。

1）实义动词：need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth

2）情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。例如：

Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？

Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇9：高一语法复习高考情态动词试题详解 (人教版高一英语下册教学论文)

高一语法复习

06年高考情态动词试题详解

何学群

1. ―What’s the name?

―Khulaifi. I spell that for you ? 北京卷

A. Shall B. Would C. Can D .Might

解析：考查情态动词的本义，征求对方的意见

2. If it were not for the fact that she ____sing, I would invite her to the party. （福建）

A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not

解析：考查情态动词的本义，表示通常的能力，couldn’t 是最大的干扰项，学生会受前面were所表示虚拟语气句型的影响。

3. I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, _______? （福建）

A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t D. didn’t she

解析：考查情态动词would rather句型，宾语从句中用过去时，反意问句助动词应与从句中的went保持一致。

4. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ____put forward are turned down.（福建）

A. could B. would C.不填 D. had

解析：该句的they ____ put forward 是定语从句，表明过去的事实：“他们提出的要求”因此不用情态动词。

5. ------ Must he come to sign this paper himself? (广东)

------ Yes, he .

A. need B. must C. may D. will

解析：考查情态动词的本义，征求对方的意见，must 表示“必须”。

6. fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（湖北卷）

A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be

解析：考查情态动词的虚拟用法。还原成原来的句型是：If you should be fired---，该句型中用should 或were to be表示与将来的事实相反。例如：

_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must

分析：在条件状语从句中，should 表示“万一”，即可表示不能实现的假设，又可表示可以实现的假设。该句意思为“万一明天下雨，会议就延期。”答案为A。

该句等于If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

= If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

= Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

= Were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

7. Some aspects of a pilot’s job ___ be boring, and pilots often ____ work at inconvenient hours. (湖南)

A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must

解析：前面考查情态动词can的推测用法，表示理论上的可能性；后面考查情态动词have to 的本义，表示客观事实的限制。

8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (江西)

A. should have taken B. could have taken

C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken

解析：考查情态动词的虚拟用法，表示对过去事实的责备。

9. As you worked late yesterday, you___ have come this morning.（陕西）

A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

解析：同第8题。

10. ------Is Jack on duty today?

--------It _________be him. It’s his turn tomorrow.（四川）

A. mustn’t B. won’t C. can’t D. needn’t

解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示现在状态的“不可能”。

11. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.（天津）

A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t

解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示过去动作的“可能没有”。

12 --- Could I have a word with you, mum?（浙江）

--- Oh dear, if you ________.

A. can B. must C. may D. should

解析：考查情态动词的本义，must 表示“如果你必须和我谈的话”。学生可能会受could的影响只注意形式选can, 忽视句子的意思。

13 --- I think I’ll give Bob a ring.

--- You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.（江苏）

A. will B. may C. have to D. should

解析：考查情态动词的规劝用法，should 表示“应该”。

14. ------ Will you be able to finish your report today? （全国2）

------ .

A. I like it B. I hope so C. I’ll do so D. I’d love it

15. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ?（全国2）

A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we

解析：考查情态动词在反意问句中的用法，祈使句后用will you征求对方的意见。

16. We hope that as many people as-possible join us for the picnic tomorrow. （全国2）

A. need B. must C. should D. can

解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示将来动作的“理论或事实上的可能性”。

17.There’s no light on----they be at home. （全国1）

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示对现在状态的否定推测。

18. ------ May I smoke here ?（山东）

------ If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.

A. should B. could C. may D. must

解析：考查情态动词的本义，同第12 题。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇10：语法系列复习七-----动词时态，被动语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法系列复习专题七-----动词时态，被动语态

一、一般现在时

1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、

状态、能力等。

2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：

Ill go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.

3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

二、现在进行时

1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,

believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、现在完成时

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.

2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.

3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.Its very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到Its…这样的一般现在时。)

2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.

4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

--Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.

--She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.

5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,

finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.

四、现在完成进行时

1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.

2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。

五、一般过去时

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.

2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working when I left.

3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.

4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.

七、过去完成时

1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.

2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.

3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.

八、一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式：

1.will/shall do （侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）

2.be going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)

3.be doing (按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)

4.be about to do (按计划即将发生)

九、将来完成时

用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.

时态考点分析

1．--Can I join your club,dad?

--You can when you______a bit older. (NMET)

A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got

析：“You can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.

2．--Oh,it’s you!I______you.

--I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.

A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize

析：从“Oh,it’s you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.

3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space. (NMET)

A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared

析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didn’t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。

4.--______my glasses?

--Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago. (NMET)

A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen

析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。

5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times. (NMET)

A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet

析：答案B。道理同4。

6.--Do you know our town at all?

--No,this is the first time I______here.

A.was B.have been C.came D.am going

析：根据this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.

7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives. (NMET)

A.just help out B.have just helped out

C.am just helping out D.will just help out

析：根据I dont really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。

8.--Is this raincoat yours?

--No,mine______there behind the door. (NMET)

A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung

析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。

被动语态

一、被动语态的句型

1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）

例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.

2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分

例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.

注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”

3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。例如：She lent me a bike.被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her).

2）A bike was lent to me(by her).

4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词

例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.

5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分

例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.

二、主动表示被动的几种情况

1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。

2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was) proved right.

3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。

三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：

1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。

2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。

3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。

4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。

被动语态考点分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______. (NMET)

A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed

析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。

2.--Do you like the material?

--Yes,it______very soft. (NMET)

A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt

析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。

3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______. (NMET)

A.have been taken place…have been set up

B.have taken place…have been set up

C.have taken place…have set up

D.were taken place…were set up

析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。

4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa. (NMET)

A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited

析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项＝who were invited,C项＝who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。

5.I dont know the restaurant,but its______to be quite a good one.(NMET)

A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked

析：根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。

6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET)

A.has broken into…has been stolen B.has broken into…had been stolen

C.has been broken into…stolen D.had been broken into…stolen

析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。

7.I promise that the matter will______. (NMET)

A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of

析：take care of…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。

8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (NMET)

A.are not kept…will have to B.are not kept…have to

C.do not keep…will have to D.do not keep…have to

析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。

9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)

A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。

10.This sentence needs______.

A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved

析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)

11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.

A.am not B.havent been C.was not D.will not be

析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasnt possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。

12.--______the note______to Mr Smith?

--No,It is still in my pocket.

A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasnt…been given

析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。

13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.

A.say B.said C.to say D.be said

析：It was said that…可以改为We heard it said that…(都表示“据说…”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。

动词时态、语态专练

1.The maths problem can be______.

A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out

C.easily worked out D.easily to work out

2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.

A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried

3.The girl is to______a rich man.

A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to

4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.

A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read

5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party?

A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited

6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.(NMET)

A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given

7.--Will somebody go and get Dr.White?

--Hes already been______.(NMET)

A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for

8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.

A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed

9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.

A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided

10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.

A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found

11.I dont want anything______about it.

A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said

12.--______that the sports meet might be put off.

--Yes,it all depends on the weather.

A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.Im told D.I told

13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.(NMET)

A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered

14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.

A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said

15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.

A.said B.says C.is said D.was said

16.--What do you think of the book?

--Oh,excellent.Its worth______a second time.(NMET)

A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read

17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.(NMET)

A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.

18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.(NMET)

A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given

19.--where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.

--I______it right here but now it’s gone.

A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put

C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put

20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.

A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies

21.How long______the English party______?

A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted

22.What______you______this time next Friday?

A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing

23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.

A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung

24.It______and the streets were still wet.

A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain

25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.

A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying

26.We______there when it______to rain.

A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began

C.had got;had begun D.would get;began

27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.

A.should have studied B.were going to study

C.have studied D.should study

28.--she told me she had met you in London last year.

--______you______her since?

A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen

29.--When______again?

--When he______,I’ll let you know.

A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come

C.he comes;comes D.will he come;comes

30.Tom______for more than a week.

A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away

31.--What happened to her teeth?

--She______the apple more than she could chew.

A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites

32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.

A.finishing writing B.to finish writing

C.having written D.to have written

33. --You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?

--But I______that you______me to start at once.

A.don’t realize;want B.don’t realize;wanted

C.haven’t realized;want D.didn’t realize;wanted

34. --I missed the lecture last night.

--Oh,what a pity!I wish______.

A.you heared it B.you had heard it

C.you never heard it D.you hadn’t heard it

35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.

A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished

36. --Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.

--It’s 9586442.(NMET)

A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t

37. --I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

--Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.

A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be

38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.

A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten

39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.

A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving (NMET)

40. --Who is Jerry Cooper?

--______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET)

A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yet

C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet

41. --We could have walked to the station.It was so near.

--Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.(NMET)

A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be

42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her?(NEMT)

A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened

43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.(NMET)

A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy

44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.(NMET)

A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell

C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell

45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.

A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had

46.I______the time______so quickly.

A.didn’t realize;had passed B.don’t realize;passed

C.haven’t realized;passed D.hadn’t realized;had passed

47.--My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late. --Let’s hurry up.

A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells

48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.(NMET)

A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come

49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.(NMET)

A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost

50.--Jane has just arrived. --I didn’t know she______.

A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come

动词时态、语态专练答案

1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 11－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A

21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D

41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇11：新目标八年级英语上册语法复习(人教版高二英语下册教学论文)

新目标八年级英语上册语法复习

1) leave的用法

1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：

When did you leave Shanghai?

你什么时候离开上海的？

2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如：

Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.

下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。

3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?

你为什么要离开上海去北京？

2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用

should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：

How should I know? 我怎么知道？

Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？

should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：

We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。

我们在使用时要注意以下几点：

1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。

例如：

You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。

2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.

如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。

3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：

We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。

She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。

3) What...? 与 Which...?

1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问

职业。如：

What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？

该句相当于：

What does your father do?

What is your father's job?

Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：

---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？

---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。

2. What...? 是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...? 是特指，

所指的事物有范围的限制。如：

What color do you like best?（所有颜色）你最喜爱什么颜色？

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?

你最喜爱哪一种颜色？（有特定的范围）

3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：

Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国？

4) 频度副词的位置

1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always（总是，一直）

usually（通常）

often（常常，经常）

sometimes（有时候）

never（从不）

2.频度副词的位置：

a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：

David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。

b.放在行为动词前。如：

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.

我们每天经常在7：10去上学。

c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：

Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.

有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。

3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：

Never have I been there.我从没到过那儿。

5) every day 与 everyday

1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：

We go to school at 7:10 every day.

我们每天7：10去上学。

I decide to read English every day.

我决定每天读英语。

2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.

她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么？

6) 什么是助动词

1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的

动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，

例如：

He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。

（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）

2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：

a. 表示时态，例如：

He is singing. 他在唱歌。

He has got married. 他已结婚。

b. 表示语态，例如：

He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句，例如：

Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？

Did you study English before you came here?

你来这儿之前学过英语吗？

d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：

I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气，例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do

1.forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做)；forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)

The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.

办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off.

他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow.

别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)

典型例题

---- The light in the office is still on.

---- Oh，I forgot___.

A. turning it off B. turn it off

C. to turn it off D. having turned it off

答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，

因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了，而

自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

2.remember to do记得去做某事(未做)；

remember doing记得做过某事(已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school.

记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before?

你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如：

easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages.

对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，

如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

3.for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

9) 对两个句子的提问

新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作

法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如：

句子：The boy in blue has three pens.

提问：1. Who has three pens?

2. Which boy has three pens?

3. What does the boy in blue have?

4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?

很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。再如：

句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.

提问：1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?

5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?

6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?

10) so、such与不定冠词的使用

1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：

He is so funny a boy.

Jim has so big a house.

2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如：

It is such a nice day.

That was such an interesting story.

11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况

1.在进行时态中。如：

He is watching TV in the room.

They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.

2.在there be结构中。如：

There is a boy swimming in the river.

3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：

We have fun learning English this term.

They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.

4.在介词后面。如：

Thanks for helping me.

Are you good at playing basketball？

5.在以下结构中：

enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事

finish doing sth 完成做某事

feel like doing sth 想要做某事

stop doing sth 停止做某事

forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

go on doing sth 继续做某事

remember doing sth 记得做过某事

like doing sth 喜欢做某事

keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事

find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事

see/hear/watch sb doing sth

看到/听到/观看某人做某事

try doing sth 试图做某事

need doing sth 需要做某事

prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事

mind doing sth 介意做某事

miss doing sth 错过做某事practice doing sth 练习做某 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

can't help doing sth

禁不住做某事

12) 英语中的“单数”

1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如：

he,she, it，my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle

2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：

man（单数）---men（复数） banana（单数）---bananas（复数）

3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：

go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。

如：

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.

13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式

名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。

I 名词复数的规则变化

1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如：

pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers

desk---desks tree---trees

2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词，词尾加-es。如：

class---classes dish---dishes

watch---watches box---boxes

3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词，词尾加-es。如：

potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes

Negro---Negroes hero---heroes

4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，将-y变为-i,再加-es。如：

family---families dictionary---dictionaries

city---cities country---countries

5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，将-f或-fe变为-v，再加-es。如：

half---halves leaf---leaves

thief---thieves knife---knives

self---selves wife---wives

life---lives wolf---wolves

shelf---shelves loaf---loaves

但是：

scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs

serf---serfs gulf---gulfs

chief---chiefs proof---proofs

belief---beliefs

II 名词复数的不规则变化

1.将-oo改为--ee。如：

foot---feet tooth---teeth

2.将-man改为-men。如：

man---men woman---women

policeman---policemen postman---postmen

3.添加词尾。如：

child---children

4.单复数同形。如：

sheep---sheep deer---deer

fish---fish people---people

5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。

即“中日瑞不变英法变，其它国把-s加后面”。如：

Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss

Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen

American---Americans Australian---Australians

Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans

Russian---Russians Indian---Indians

6.其它。如：

mouse---mice

apple tree---apple trees

man teacher---men teachers

14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词

初中阶段常见的有以下这些：

1.let→letting 让

hit→hitting 打、撞

cut→cutting 切、割

get→getting 取、得到

sit→sitting 坐

forget→forgetting 忘记

put→putting 放

set→setting 设置

babysit→babysitting

临时受雇照顾婴儿

2.shop→shopping 购物

trip→tripping 绊

stop→stopping 停止

drop→dropping 放弃3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游

swim→swimming 游泳

run→running 跑步

dig→digging 挖、掘

begin→beginning 开始

prefer→preferring 宁愿

plan→planning 计划

15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词

1.some变为any。如：

There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.

但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：

Would you like some orange juice?

与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。

2.and变为or。如：

I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.

3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如：

They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They don't have many friends.

There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）

→There isn't much orange in the bottle.

4.already变为yet。如：

I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.

16) in与after

in 与 after 都可以表示时间，但二者有所区别。

1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中，以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间。如：

He will leave for Beijing in a week. 一周后他会动身去北京。

2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中，以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间。如：

He left for Beijing after a week. 一周后他动身去了北京。

不过，如果after后跟的是具体的时刻，它也可用于将来时。如：

We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十点后我们会完成工作的。

3.注意区分以下的in的用法。

I'll visit him in a week. 一周后我会去拜访他。

I'll visit him twice in a week. 一周内我会去拜访他两次。

17) 不定冠词a与an的使用

1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：

There is a ”b“ in the word ”book“. 单词book中有个字母b。

类似的字母还有：c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。

She has a small knife. 她有一把小刀。

2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如：

There is an ”i“ in the word ”onion“. 单词onion中有个字母i。

类似的字母还有：a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。

Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨伞吗？

3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an；以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a.如：

a useful book

a universe

a one-letter word

an hour

an uncle

an umbrella

an honest person

18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”？

英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种，常见的有以下这些：

1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如：

He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。

You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。

2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如：

The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。

The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。

3、dress 可作及物动词，有“给......穿衣”的意思，后接“人”，而不是“衣服”。如：

Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。

dress 也可作不及物动词，表示衣着的习惯。如：

The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。

4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如：

John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。

The man in black is a football coach.

19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of)

a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别:

1. a little 意为“一些、少量”，后接不可数名词。如：

There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。

还可以接形容词。如：

He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。

2. a few 意为“一些、少数”，后接复数的可数名词。如：

There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。

3. a bit 意为“一点儿”，后接形容词。如：

It's a bit cold. 有点冷。

a bit of 后接不可数名词。如：

He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。

4. a little和a few表肯定意义，little和few表否定意义；如：

There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。

There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。

I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。

Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。

5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词；

a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词，意为“有

点儿”。

20) 关于like的用法

like 可以作动词，也可以作介词。

1、like 作动词，表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”，有泛指的含义。如：

Do you like the color? 你喜爱这种颜色吗？

like 后可接不定式（like to do sth），也可接动词的-ing分词（like doing sth），有时意思不尽相同。如：

She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。（习惯）

She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。（平常不喜欢吃）

like 与 would 连用，后接不定式，表示愿望或客气的请求。如：

Would you like a cup of tea? 您愿意喝杯茶吗？

“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如：They all like me to sing/singing English songs.

他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。

2、like 作介词，可译成“像......”。如：

She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好，就像母亲一样。

It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。

3、区分以下句子：

A. What does he look like? 他长相如何？(指一个人的外貌特征)

B. What is he like? 他人怎么样？ (指人的性格特点)

C. The boy like Peter is over there. (句指外貌相似)

D. A boy like Peter can't do it. (指性格相似)

21) stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth

1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如：

The students stop to listen to their teacher.

学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。

2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如：

The students stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。

与它们相反的句式是：go on to do sth “继续做某事（与刚才一事不同）”

和 go on doing sth “继续做某事（与刚才同一件事）”。如：

He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.

他完成了作业，接着继续去念英语。

They went on playing games. 他们继续玩游戏。

22) tell, speak, say 与 talk

1. tell 意为“告诉、讲述”，指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲

述一件事。如：

He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.

他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。

Father always tells interesting stories to us.

爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。

tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。如：

He told me something about his past. 他告诉我一些他的往事。

tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如：

David told his son to do the homework. 大卫要他的儿子去做作业。

2. speak 意为“说话、讲话”，后面主要接语言。如：

He can speak English and a little Chinese.

他能讲英语和一点汉语。

speak to 意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。如：

Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和张先生讲话吗？

speak of 意为“提到、说起”。如：

The book speaks of my hometown. 那本书提到我的家乡。

3. talk 意为“谈话、讲话”，如果只有一方对另一方说话时，一般用 talk to；

如果双方或多方交谈，多用 with。如：

Please talk to him right now. 请立即同他谈话。

He is talking with his friend. 他在和朋友交谈。

talk about 意为“谈论......”。如：

They are talking about the movie. 他们在谈论那部电影。

have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。如：

Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交谈吗？

4. say 意为“说”。如：

Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英语再说一遍吗？

say to 意为“对......说”。如：

He said to his students that they would have a test.

他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。

It is said that... 意为“据说”。如：

It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.

据说他能呆在水里很长时间。

23) Excuse me! 与 I'm sorry!

1. Excuse me! 意为“打搅了！对不起！”，一般是为了与陌生人搭话，或者要打断对方所说（做）的事。如：

Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood?

请问，附近有旅馆吗？

Excuse me, could I say something? 打搅一下，我能说一些吗？

2. I'm sorry! 意为“对不起！”，表示道歉。如：

I'm sorry, Mr Zhang. I won't do it again.

对不起，张先生。我不会这么做了。

24) 表示时间的 in、on 与 at

in, on 与 at 都可以和表示时间的词（组）连用。

1. in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如：

in the morning 在上午 in May, 在五月

in a week 在一周之内（后）

It's Sunday, I can finish it in two days.

现在是星期天，我能在两天后完成。（星期二）

Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是在一天内建起来的。

2. on 主要指在具体的一天。如：

on Sunday 在星期天 on May Day 在“五一”节

on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午

He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004.

他于204月26日到达北京。

3. at 表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如：

at 8:00 在八点 at noon 在中午

I always get up at 6:00 every morning. 我总是每天早晨六点起床。

It's always warm at this time of year. 每年的这个时候总是暖和的。

25) Other及其用法

Other 及其相近的词（组），如 others, the other, the others, another,

any other 等，一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰的问题，平常的考试、作业中经常出错。下面是它们的一些用法：

1、other 指其余的人或物，所有格是 other's，复数形式是 others;the other

指“两个人或物中的另一个”，其复数形式是 the others;others相当于“other + 名词”，所以不能充当定语，修饰名词。others指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分，但不是全部的，即 some...others （一些...其余的人...）;the others 强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部，即some...the others.

2、another泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个”。由 an 和 other 合

并构成，所以不能和冠词连用。another 修饰单数名词，比如：another pencil.

3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”，后面要用名词的单数形式。

26) look 短语

常见的look短语有以下这些：

1.look at 朝......看 (look at=have a look at)

Please look at the map of China.请看中国地图。

2.look for 寻找

The old man is looking for his dog. 老人在寻找他的狗。

3.look like 看起来像

Nancy looks like her mother. 南希看起来像她母亲。

4.look the same 看上去一样

Li Ping and Li Jing look the same. 李萍和李晶看上去一样。

5.look up 查找

Please look up the word in the dictionary.请在词典中查找这个单词。

6.look over 仔细检查

The doctor looked over Mary carefully. 医生仔细检查了玛丽。

7.look after 照顾，照看

You must look after your old father. 你必须照顾你的老父亲。

8.look around 到处寻找、查看

We looked around, but we found nothing strange.

我们四处查看，但是我们没有发现奇怪的东西。

27) too，also与either

1.too用于肯定句和疑问句，一般放在句尾，其前常加逗号。如：

We are in the same school, too. 我们也在相同的学校。

Do you play soccer every day, too? 你也每天踢足球吗？

2.also用于肯定句和疑问句，一般位于实义动词前、be动词后。如：

Sandra is also a Korean student. Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。

3.either用于否定句，一般放在句末。如：

They don't know the answer, either. 她们也不知道答案。

4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如：

We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.

He is a happy boy as well.

28) hard与hardly

1.hard既可作形容词，也可作副词。如：

It's a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult) 这是一个难的问题。

The boy studies very hard (adv.). 那男孩学习非常努力。

句子结构：It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如：

It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。

注意区分：hard work 困难的工作

work hard 努力工作

3. hardly是频度副词，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容词、

副词和动词之前。如：

I can hardly see it. 我几乎看不到它。

29) sometime,sometimes,some time与some times

记忆：sometimes(有时)some times(好几次)sometime(某一次)some time(一段)

口诀：分开是一段，相连为某时。分开s是倍次，相连s为有时

1.sometime是时间副词，指不确定的将来或过去某一点时间（某时候或任何时候），不指一段时间。如：

We'll go to Beijing sometime next month.

我们下个月某一时候会去北京。

2.sometimes是频度副词，指“有时”、“不时”的意思（=at times）。如：Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning.

有时候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。

3.some time是名词词组，指一段时间（一些时间或若干时间）。如：

It took him some time to finish the book.她花了一些时间去完成作业。

4.some times指“几次”。如：

He met the woman some times last month. 上个月他见过那妇女几次。

30) exercise的一些用法

1.作不及物动词，译为“运动，锻炼”。如：

David exercises every morning. 大卫每天早晨进行锻炼。

2.作及物动词，译为“训练”。如：

Swimming exercises the whole body. 游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼。

3.作名词，译为“体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等。如：

It's good to do eye exercises every day.

每天做眼保键操对眼睛有好处。

Please do more exercise from now on. 从今以后请多做运动吧。

I have lots of homework to do tonight. 今晚我有很多的作业要做。

4.注意：exercise指具体运动或体操时是可数名词，复数形式为exercises；

泛指运动时是不可数名词。

31) maybe与may be

1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：

Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。

He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。

2.may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如：

He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。

She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。

32) same与different

1.same指“相同的”，前面通常要有一个定冠词the，但是如果same前面已

经有this，those等词，就不能再与the连用了。如：

We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。

结构：the same as 与......一样如：

His mark is the same as mine. 他的分数和我的分数一样。

2.different译为“不同的”，其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如：

We are in different classes. 我们在不同的班级。

结构：be different from 与......不同如：

This sweater is different from that one. 这件毛衣与那一件不同。

different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。

33) 动词want的用法

1. want sth. 想要某物

They want some help. 他们需要一些帮助。

2. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事

My father wants me to help him on the farm.我父亲要我在农场上帮他。

3. want to do sth. 想要做某事

I want to study English in England. 我想要在英国学习英语。

4.want doing 需要...

Your sweater wants washing. 你的运动衣该洗了。

34) be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法

1.be good for 对......有益

Doing morning exercises is good for your health.

做早操对你们的建康有益。

2.be good at 擅长于......

Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅长于篮球。

= Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅长于打篮球。

be good at = do well in 如：

I'm good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅长于数学。

3.be good to 对......好

Parents are always good to their children.

父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。

35) how many与how much

1.how many表示“多少”，对数量提问，后面接可数名词的复数形式。如：

There are four people in my family.

---How many people are in your family? 你家里有几个人？

We have seven classes every day.

---How many classes do you have every day? 你们每天上几节课？

2.how much也是表示“多少”，但它对不可数名词进行提问。如：

There is some milk in the bottle.

---How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶？

3.how much还可以对价格提问，表示“多少钱”的意思。如：

The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.

---How much is the yellow T-shirt? 那件黄色的T恤衫多少钱？

36) with的几个用法

1.with表“和、同、与”。如：

Can you go to the park with me? 你能和我一起去公园吗？

2.with表“用、以、被”。如：

Don't write with the red pen. 不要用那支红色的钢笔写字。

3.with表“随着”。如：

Climate varies with the time of the year.气候随着时令的不同而不同。

4.with表“带有、有......的”。如：

The girl with long hair is my classmate. 长头发的女孩是我的同学。

5.with表“因为、由于”。如：

They were angry with hard work. 他们因为艰难的工作而生气。

6.一些with结构： play with 与......一起玩

be angry with 对......生气

talk with 与......交谈

get on well with与......相处融洽

37) a lot of(lots of)与many,much

1.a lot of意为“许多、大量”,相当于lots of.它既可以修饰可数名词，又

可以修饰不可数名词。如：

I have a lot of friends in China. 我在中国有很多朋友。

The old man has lots of money. 那位老人有很多的钱。

2.many意为“许多”.它用来修饰可数名词。如：

Do you have many beautiful skirts? 你有很多漂亮的裙子吗？

3.much意为“大量”.它用来修饰不可数名词。如：

There is much water in the lake. 湖里有大量的水。

4.a lot of（=lots of）用在肯定句中，而many，much不受限制。如果将一个含有a lot of（=lots of）的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句，要将它们

改为many或much。如：

We can see a lot of birds in the tree.

---We can't see many birds in the tree. 我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。

He wants lots of soda.

---Does he want much soda? 他需要许多汽水吗？

38) help用法举例

help既可以作名词，也可以作动词。

1.help作名词，意为“帮助”。如：

He needs some help. 他需要一些帮助。

2.help作动词，也是“帮助”的意思。如：

Can you help me? 你能帮帮我吗？

3.help的结构：

help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事

=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事

如：They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.

=They want to help the boy with the heavy box.

他们想要帮助那位男孩搬那个重箱子。

39) well的用法

well可以作副词，也可以作形容词。

1.well作副词，意为“（某事干得）好”。如：

The boy draws very well. 男孩画得很好。

2.well作形容词，意为“健康、安好”。如：

I'm not feeling well. 我觉得不舒服。

40) ago与before

ago与before都表示“......以前”，但用法有所区别。

1.ago意为“以前”，表示从此刻算起的若干时间之前，常用于过去时的句子

中。如：He took a photo a week ago. 他一周前照了一张相片。

2.before作为副词时表示：

a.从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间以前，用于过去完成时的句子中。如：

The boy had already seen the comedy before.

那男孩以前已经看过那部喜剧片了。

b.笼统的“以前”，用于一般过去时或现在完成时的句子中，一般单独使

用，而ago不可以单独使用。如：

He's read this novel before. 他以前读过这部小说。

41) need的用法

1.need作实义动词，意为“需要”。如：

Do you need to stay at home? 你要呆在家里吗？

2.need作情态动词，一般用于对must的否定回答。如：

---Must he leave now? 他必须离开吗？

---No, he needn't. 不，他不必。

3.区分：

a.need作实义动词。

He needs to go.

He doesn't need to go.

Does he need to go?

Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.

b.need作情态动词，一般不用于肯定句。

He needn't go.

Need he go?

Yes, he need./No, he needn't.

42) decide的几种句式

1.decide to do sth 决定去做某事

They decide to fly kite on weekend. 他们决定在周末去放风筝。

2.decide on doing sth 决定做某事

They decide on flying kites. 他们决定放风筝。

3.decide on sth 就某事决定......

Betty decided on the red skirt. 贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。

4. decide的名词形式为decision，

结构：make a decision，意为“做决定”。如：

He has made a decision. 他已经做一个决定了。

43) too many,too much与much too

1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：

There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。

2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：

We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。

3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：

The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.

箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。

44) can的用法

1.表示能力。如：

We can carry the heavy box. 我们可以搬得动箱子。

Who can sing an English song? 谁会唱英文歌？

2.表示惊讶、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如：

Can it be true? 这会是真的吗？

You can't be serious? 你不会当真吧？

3.表示允许，意思与may相近，主要用于口语中。如：

Can I smoke here? 我可以在这儿吸烟吗？

Can I go with him? 我可以跟他一起去吗？

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇12：高三英语复习（动词短语） (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

高三英语复习专题（动词短语）

(出题人王海棠)

1. The war _______ the world great suffering and sadness.

A. brought in B. brought about C. brought up D. brought out

2. The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language _____ in the 16th century.

A. came about B. came out C. came along D. came up

3. There are some differences between American English and British English. Do you know how these differences _______?

A. came about B. came out C. came up D. were happened

4. We _____ the children in poor areas clothes and some money.

A. offered B. provided C. supplied D. helped

5. Her mother was ill, so a doctor was _______.

A. called on B. called at C. called in D. called back

6. We _______the Green’s yesterday on our way home from work and stayed there for some time.

A. called on B. called at C. dropped in D. called for

7. Once a plan is made, it must be firmly _______.

A. carried out B. carried off C. carry away D. carried on

8. . King called _____ the black people not to give _____ but to continue the struggle.

A. for; in B. on; in C. out ; away D. in; off

9. A big fire _______ in the hotel last night.

A. broke away B. broke up C. broke out D. was broken out

10. Don’t stay up too late, or your body will_______.

A. break up B. break out C. break off D. break down

11. A truck ______ Jane’s cat and sped away.

A. ran over B. ran into C. ran across D. ran down

12. I was late because my car ______.

A. broke up B. broke off C. broke down D. broke out

13. Nobody realized the importance of the problem when it was first ______ at the meeting.

A. brought about B. brought up C. brought on D. brought in

14. We were suddenly ______ in the middle of our telephone conversation.

A. cut out B. cut off C. rung off D. broken off

15. Can you ______ what is written on the board?

A. make of B. make up C. make out D. make away

16. He first ____ the proposal that men and women should receive equal pay for equal work.

A. put up B. put on C. put forward D. put out

17. ______ the oppression for long years, the peasants at last rebelled(反抗).

A. Having put up B. Having put through C. Having put up with D. Having put over

18. He ______ the family business when his father suffered a heart attack.

A. took up B. took over C. took after D. took on

19. I promise to _______ the matter as soon as I get back to the head office.

A. look for B. look in C. look into D. look up

20. I know all your tricks, so don’t try to take me _______.

A. in B. off C. up D. away

21. Science has ______ many changes in our life.

A. brought up B. brought about C. brought out D. brought down

22. To test his theory, the scientist ______ an experiment.

A. set out B. set off C. set about D. set forth

23. By the time the fire engine arrived, the fire had been ______ by many citizens.

A. put on B. put off C. put out D. put through

24. He’ll soon ______ his disappointment and be quite cheerful again by the morning.

A. get out of B. get over C. get through D. get away

25. I will _______my appointment until tomorrow.

A. put up B. put away C. put out D. put off

26. He _______ a sum of money every week for his old age.

A. sets up B. set out C. sets in D. set aside

27. You should tell from his big ears that he ______ his father.

A. took off B. took down C. took from D. took after

28. The weather forecast was good so it should ______ fine after all.

A. turn into B. turn up C. turn out D. turn over

29. I never expected you to ______ at the meeting. I thought you were abroad.

A. turn in B. turn on C. turn up D. turn to

30. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work ______ all their time.

A. takes away B. takes over C. takes up D. takes in

31. When they had finished playing, the children were made to _____all the toys they had taken out.

A. put off B. put out C. put up D. put away

32. The good service at the hotel _______ the poor food to some extend.

A. made for B. made out C. made up of D. made up for

33. – Why ask me to take that early bus?

--Because that bus _______ the 9:30 a.m. train at Boston.

A. joins to B. joins with C. unites with D. connects with

34. Don’t _______ when your teacher is giving you some advice how to master English.

A. drop in B. let out C. move in D. break in

35. I had a lot of books that I didn’t want to keep, so I _______ them away to a friend.

A. lent B. gave C. turned D. threw

36. If better use is _______ of your spare time, you’ll make great progress in it.

A. thought B. spent C. taken D. made

37. – Did you enjoy the book?

--Yes. It was so interesting that I couldn’t _______ it.

A. get rid of B. break away from C. keep away from D. tear myself away from

38. – Oh, my god! It’s just a sea of cars. How can you ______ your car?

A. took out B. find out C. pick out D. get out

39. – This is Xiao Li speaking.

--Hi, Xiao Li, please stay at home, I’ll_____ you at 6’clock and we’ll go to the cinema together.

A. call for B. wait for C. sent for D. look for

40. If Tim carries on working like this, he’ll ______ sooner or later.

A. break down B. give up C. get down D. break up

41. He said he would ______ what he had said.

A. take back B. take away C. take in D. take up

42. Who was it that ______ the secret?

A. gave out B. let out C. get out D. set out

43. I wish you’d stop _______. We all know how clever you are!

A. showing around B. showing off C. showing up D. showing over

44. Can you tell me how it ______ that you were an hour late?

A. came about B. came up C. came out D. came across

45. She ______ some old letters in the course of her search.

A. came across B. came out C. came up D. came about

46. News reports say peace talks between the two countries ______ with no agreement reached.

A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken off

47. Children under six are not______ to school except those of extraordinary intelligence.

A. permitted B. admitted C. accepted D. received

48. The doctor advised that I should______ smoking.

A. cut off B. cut out C. cut down D. cut away

49. He ______ some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.

A. made out B. picked up C. gave up D. took in

50. University readers can ______ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.

A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through

51. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ______.

A. give out B. give in C. turned off D. go out

52. The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather ______ the helplessness of the crew at sea.

A. added to B. resulted from C. turned out D. made up

53. The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be _______.

A. turned down B. turned off C. turned over D. turned away

54. We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to ______ it. It might be valuable.

A. hold on to B. keep up with C. turn to D. look after

55. Although the working mother is very busy, she still _____ a lot of time to her children.

A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides

56. The seller would sell the sweater for nine dollars, but the customer ______ eight dollars.

A. charged B. asked C. sold D. offered

57. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health ______ poor.

A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues

58. Burlington isn’t much more than a large village. Its streets were never ______ for heavy traffic.

A. tested B. meant C. kept D. used

59. We’re going to _____ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us?

A. get in B. get over C. get along D. get together

60. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to ______ from home and earn some money on his own.

A. run away B. take away C. keep away D. get away

61. I don’t ______ rock’n’roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.

A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go for

62. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _____ it.

A. get over B. got on with C. got around D. got out of

63. We have to ______ the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is on the way.

A. get away B. get across C. get through D. get in

64. Once a decision is made, all of us should ______ it.

A. insist on B. stick to C. refer to D. lead to

65. It was foolish of him to ______ his notes during that important test, and as a result , he got punished.

A. stick to B. refer to C. look up D. point to

66. The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to ______ our studies.

A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over

67. I couldn’t ______. The line was busy.

A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through

68. The storm died away at last with the golden waves ______ the shore in peace.

A. striking B. hitting C. beating D. knocking

69. Quite a few people used to believe that a disaster ______if a mirror was broken.

A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck

C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike

70. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _______ run over by a car.

A. have B. get C. become D. turn

71. If you ______ any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.

A. come up with B. set about C. run into D. put aside

72. Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _______ the shocking ending.

A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off

73. －What’s the matter with you?－After the long walk ,my legs ______ and I couldn’t go any further.

A. gave out B. gave off C. gave in D. gave up

74. It suddenly _______me that I had to get to the airport to meet a friend.

A. took B. struck C. occurred D. surprised

75. Time will ______whether I made the right choice or not.

A. see B. say C. know D. tell

76. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _______ jokes.

A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up

Key：

1-5 BBAAC 6-10 BABCD 11-16 ACBBC 17-20 CBCAB 21-25 BCCBD 26-30 DDCCC

31-35 DDDDB 36-40 DDCAA 41-45ABBAA 46-50 ABCBC 51-55 DADAA 56-60 DBBDD

61-65 DADBB 66-70 ADCDB 71-76 CAABAC

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇13：情态动词的用法 (人教版高二英语选修九教学论文)

情态动词的用法

一．情态动词的基本用法

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，它虽有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，其后必须接动词原形才能构成谓语。

1．表示请求、征求对方意见时用may， shall（用于第一人称）; can， could， would(用于各种人称)，其中could， would语气更加委婉一些。如：

May I keep the book for another week﹖

Shall I open the door?

Could you tell me whom this bike belongs to﹖

Would you please let me have a look﹖

注意：对于may，can开头的问句，肯定回答时一般仍用may或can，否定回答时应根据项原说话人的语气来选用mustn’t或 can’t；而could，would开头的问句的回答时，则不可用could 和 would。

（1）---May we stay here for another two days?

---Yes, you may. |\ No,you can’t. (不，不可以) No, you mustn’t.（不，不允许）

（2）---Could I use your dictionary﹖

---＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．

A． Yes， you could B． No， you couldn’t

C．Of course， you could D．Certainly， help you to it（Key：D）

2．表示“允许”时常用may， can。如：

You may／can take whatever you like in this room．

这间屋子里的东西你想拿什么就可以拿什么。

3．表示“必须”常用must， have to. Must 更强调说话人的主观看法，而have to 表示的却是客观的需要。Have to 比must 有更多的时态形式。Must 开头的问句,否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to .

I don’t like the bag. I must buy a new one.

The TV set is broken. I have to buy a new one.

You will have to walk home by yourself tomorrow.

-Must I finish the work before Saturday﹖

-Yes，you must．（ No，you needn’t ／ don’t have to．）

4．can表示有能力做某事，它只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。一般情况下可与be able to互换，但be able to比can 可用于更多的时态。如：

I think the baby will be able to walk in another two months．

另外，当表示过去成功地做成了某事时一般用was ／ were able to，而不用could。如：

Luckily， everyone was able to escape from the fire．

5.表示“应该”时用should 和ought to

We should respect the elder.

6.情态动词在一般时否定句中的用法

can't(can not) 表示“不能”， may not 表示“可能不, 也许不”， mustn't(must not) 表示“一定不要”，“不许可”，needn't (need not) 表示“不必”，

I can’t promise you anything but I will do what I can.我不能答应你什么，但我会尽我所能

That may or may not be true. 这可能是真的，也可能不是。

You may ask him but he may not answer you. 你可以问他，但他也许不会回答你。

You mustn't criticize her in that way. 你不许那样批评她。

You needn't come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。

二．情态动词表猜测的用法：must , may ,might, can, could 都可以表示推测。

Must 表示“想必，一定”用于肯定句中，may \ might 表示“或许，也许”可用于肯定句、否定句中。否定句和疑问句中用can \ could , 表示“（不）可能”“会（吗）？”。其中might t和could 不表示时态，只是语气比can 和may 弱些。下面心must为例：

1.表示对现在或将来情况的推测、判断用“must + do ”

I have just dropped in on him. He must stay at home.我刚刚拜访过他。他现在一定呆在家里。

The man must be your head teacher.那人一定是你们的班主任

2.表示对过去的情况或已经发生的事情进行推测、判断用“must + have +done”

The road is wet. It must have rained last night.路上是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

The boy must have finished his homework. 那男孩想必已经完成了他的家庭作业了。

3.表示对现在正在进行情况进行推测、判断用“must + be +doing ”

The girl is not out. She must be doing her homework now.那小女孩没有出门。她现在一定在做家庭作业。

At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.

这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷

4．表示对过去某时正发生的事情进行推测、判断用“must +have +been +doing“

---Why didn't you answer my phone call? 你为什么没有接电话？

---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it. 我当时一定是在睡觉，所以没听到。

5．句子中含有表示猜测的情态动词时，其反意疑问句的构成不能再用原句中的情态动词，而应根据原句在去掉情态动词的情况下的主谓关系来确定其反问形式。如：

The man in the white clothes must be a doctor，______ he﹖

He must have an uncle abroad， _________ he﹖

She must have seen the film before， ________she﹖

You must have met Uncle Wang in the shop yesterday， _______you﹖

举一反三：

I don't know where she is. She _________in Wuhan.我不知道他在哪儿，也许在武汉。

She_______________ to see her doctor last week, but I am not sure.

上星期或许她去看医生了，但我不敢肯定。

Don’t worry， your husband ________________ seriously. 别急，你丈夫也许伤得不厉害。

There is no light in the room. She___________at home now.

房间里没有灯光。她现在不可能在家里。

He _____________ at the office last night, for he had gone to a party at six in the afternoon.昨晚他不可能在办公室工作，因为在晚上六点他得参加一次聚会。

Ling Ling ____________the piano now. She went to the bookshop with her mother a few minutes ago.玲玲不可能在弹钢琴。几分钟前她和她母亲去书店了

情态动词表示”推测、判断“的用法专练

1.-Are you coming to Jeff's party?

-I'm not sure. I________go to the concert instead.(NMET )

A. must B. would C. should D. might

2.The river is rising. It ________last night.

A. must be raining B. must rain C. might have rained D. must have rained

3.-Why! I couldn't get you on the phone this morning.

-We ________tennis in the yard when you phoned.

A. must be playing B. could be playing C. must have played D. must have been playing

4.You must have seen the film last night, ________ you?

A. haven’t B. mustn't C. didn't D. hadn't

5.This________be a woman's bag. It must be a man's.

A. needn't B .can't C .may not D. mustn't

6.________it be John who did it?

A. Will B. Can C. Would D. May

7.It rained every day during their holiday, so they________a very nice time.

A. wouldn't have had B. couldn't C. can't have had D. shouldn't have 8.Peter________come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

A. must B. may C. can D. will

9.Jenny must have won the match,________?

A. hasn't she B. doesn't she C. mustn't she D. can't she

10.Mr. Zhuo must be working in the office, ________he?

A. mustn't B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't

参考答案1-5:DDDCB 6-10:BCBAD

三．情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法

“情态动词＋完成式” 用于虚拟语气中多表示责备的感情色彩，具体用法如下：

1．“should ／ ought to ＋完成式” 表示 “本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；“shouldn’t ／ oughtn’t to＋完成式”表示 “本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。如：

You shouldn’t have gone to bed again when you woke up at five．

2．“may／might ＋完成式” 表示 “本来可以干某事却没有干”，突出其可能性；而 “could

＋完成式” 表示“本来能够做某事，但实际上却没有做”。如：

He might have given you some help， however busy he was．

3． “needn’t ＋完成式” 表示 “本来没必要做某事，实际上却做了”。如：

There was plenty of time． She needn’t have hurried．

1) It around nine o’clock when I drove back home because it was already dark.

［A］ must be ［B］ must have been ［C］ can’t be ［D］ should have been

2) John’s score on the test is the highest in the class;

A］ he should study last night ［B］ he should have studied last night

［C］ he must have studied last night ［D］ he must had to study last night

3) Youyesterday if you were really serious about your work.

［A］ ought to come ［B］ ought to be coming

［C］ ought to have come［D］ ought have come

4) “We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday.”“He it.”

［A］ mustn’t attended ［B］ couldn't have attended

［C］ would have not attended ［D］ needn’t have attended

5) You ______all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant.

［A］ didn’t need to carry ［B］ needn’t have carried

［C］ needn’t carry ［D］ didn’t need carry

key:1-5:BCCBB

四．几个情态动词常考的句型：

1)．may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近；

Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.

既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you had better go by train。

You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man. 你们还是离那疯子远点为好。

You might as well go home now.你还是现在回家为好。

2) ．cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over….如：

You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。

The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized .

3) ．usedn’t 或did’t use to 为used to (do) 的否定式。

4）．should 除了“应该”一层意思外，还有“竟然”的意思。如：I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做。

5). 另外还须注意：shall可用于第二、三人称，表示许诺、决心、命令或警告。如：

You shall lose your job if you don’t do as I tell you．

如果你不按我说的做，你将失去工作。

五．情态动词被动关系的主动表达法

1． want, require, need “需要”，接动名词表示被动意义。

Your hair wants cutting

The floor requires washing.

need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义

The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.

The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.

练习：

1- ________ I speak to May, please?

-I'm sorry she ________ come to the phone because she isn't in.

A.Might; won't B.Can; mustn't C.May; can't D.Could; shouldn't

2.-I want to know if I ________ smoke here.

-No, you ________ . Could you see the sign ”NO SMOKING" there?

A.can; needn't B.must; can't C.shall; won't D.may; mustn't

3．.My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always ________ look it up.

A.must B.should C.would D.has to

4．.-Must I go to work with you?

-No, you ________ . Linda ________ go with me.

A.mustn't; can B.can't; has to C.daren't; should D.needn't; may

5.- ________ I tell Mary the test results?

-No, you ________ . She's already got the score.

A.Will; won't B.Shall; needn't C.May; mustn't D.Can; don't

6.Joan ________ come with us this afternoon, but she isn't very sure yet.

A.can B.may C.must D.will

7．.The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone ________ get out.

A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to

8.-Is John coming by train?

-He should, but he ________ . He likes driving his car.

A.can't B.needn't C.may not D.mustn't

9．.He doesn't have to work tomorrow, but you have got to, ________ you?

A.don't B.haven't C.haven't got D.can't

10.If I ___________ go with you, I should feel very glad.

A. can B. could C. should D. may

11.-When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

-They ___________ be ready by 12:00.(NMET'98)

A. can B. should C. might D. need

12.One ought ___________ for what one hasn't done.

A. not to be punished B. to not be punished C. to not punished D. not be punished

13.Johnny, you ___________ play with the knife, you ___________ hurt yourself.(NMET'96)

A. won't; can't B. mustn't; may C. shouldn't; must D. can't; shouldn't

14.I thought you ___________ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.

A. may B. might C .could D. must

15.If it ____ rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t ride motorbike there.

A. will B. would C. should D. shall

Key:1-5：CDDDB 6-10: BDCBB 11-15: BABBC

情态动词专练

Multiple choices:

1. If she had worked harder, she____

A: would succeed B: had succeeded C: should succeed D: would have succeeded

2 The plant is dead. I ____it more water.

A: will give B: would have given

C: must give D: should have given

3.Why didn't you tell me there was no meeting today? I ________ all the way here through

the heavy snow.

A. needn't have driven B. can't have driven

C. must have driven D. shouldn't have driven

4. We ____for her because she never came.

A: needn’t wait B: shouldn’t have waited

C: mustn’t wait D: mustn’t have waited

5. you____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.

A: can’t B: mustn’t C: needn’t D: may not

6. Where is my pen? I ____ it.

A: might lose B: would have lost C: should have lost D: must have lost

7. He ____ you more help, even though he was very busy.

A: might have given B: might give C: may have given D: both A and C

8..Janny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.

A: must B: should C: need D: would

9. The room is in terrible mess; it _________ cleaned.

A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been

C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been

10.She was thankful that she'd had her baby in hospital; otherwise, she thought, the baby _____.

A) died B) had died C) might have died D) might die

11.You ______ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.

A) needn't have done B) shouldn't have done

C) must not have done D) cannot have done

12I'm not feeling well in the stomach, I _______ so much fried chicken just now.(,上海)

A. shouldn't eat B. mustn't have eaten C. mustn't eat D. shouldn't have eaten

13.-There were already five people in the car，but they managed to take me as well.

-It _______ a comfortable journey.(NMET 1995)

A. can't be B. mustn't have been C. shouldn't D. couldn't have been

14.-Why! I couldn't get you on the phone this morning.

-We ________ tennis in the yard when you phoned me.

A. could be playing B. must be playing

C. must have been playing D. should have played

15.-We didn't see him at the lecture.

-Neither did anybody else. He ________ it.

A. may not have attended B. mustn't attend

C. can't have attended D. couldn't attend

16.-Do you still remember when we went to the Great Wall?

-I can't remember it well, but ________ it have been sometime last May?

A. should B. must C. could D. would

17. ..-I wonder why Mr Lin didn't come to work.

-I am afraid he ________ ill.

A. could be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been

18.She ________ the hospital so soon, for she hasn't yet recovered.

A. wouldn't have left B. shouldn't have left

C. needn't leave D. hadn't left

20..Put on more clothes. You ___________ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.

A. can B. could C. would D. must

Judge the following sentences to see if they are right. If not, try to correct it.

1. Plastics is often used to making all kinds of containers.

2. All the passengers could leave the ship in the lifeboats before the ship sank.

3. He dares not climb the high wall without any help.

4. Where there is no air, there may be no life.

5. May he be waiting for us at the gate?

6. ---Might/ Could I borrow your typewriter please?

--- Of course, you might/ could.

7. --- Do you know where Jane was last night?

---She may have been in the night club.

8. They can’t leave. You see, their schoolbags are here.

9. Let’s hurry. They must wait for us.

10. He can have passed the test, but he wasn’t careful enough.

11. You didn’t need to telephone him. He has already known about it.

12. I slept until on Sunday, as I needn’t have gone to work.

13. A child need at least 9 or 10 hours’ sleep every day.

14. If you will keep to the rules here , you will do as you please.

15. The officer said to the solider: “You shall not leave your post before 10 o’clock.

情态动词在高考中

1. (北京卷)26. He __________ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.

A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t

2. （山东卷）34. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.

A. could B. would C. must D. need

3. (广东卷)33. -- I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.

-- It ______ Harry's. He always wears green.

A. has to be B. will be C. mustn't be D. could be

4. （湖北卷）32．-Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

-Well . He have gone far-his coat’s still here.

A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．wouldn’t

5. （湖北卷）33．If I plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

A．would B．could C．had to D．ought to

6. （湖南卷）24. – Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

-- She ______ . I've already borrowed one.

A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't

7. （湖南卷）31. The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him ___ I did.

A. as much ms B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as

8. (江西卷)22．-Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?

-Something ________ to him.

A．must happen B．should have happened

C．could have happened D．must have happened

9. （全国卷3）19．John, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour?

A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need

10. （全国卷1）26．Tom , you leave all your clothes on the floor like this !

A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not

11. （上海卷）27. There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.

A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t

12. （浙江卷）9. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow.

A．should B．must C．will D．can

13. （重庆卷）33. I was on the highway when this oar west past followed by a police car. They ____ at least 150 kilometers an hour.

A. should have been doing B. must have been doing

C. could have done D. would have done

14. （天津卷）14. I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened.

A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't

15. （安徽卷）26. Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.

A. shall B. must C. may D. can

16. （辽宁卷）26．This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it.

A．should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put

17. (江苏卷)31. ---- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.

---- Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties!

A. may go through B. might go through

C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through

18.Johnny, you______ play with the knife, you______ hurt yourself.

A. won’t , can’t B. mustn’t, may C. shouldn’t ,must D. can’t, shouldn’t

19. Jack______ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.

A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived

C. can’t have arrived D need not have arrived

20.----When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

----They _______ be ready by 12:00.

A. can B. should C. might D. need

21. ----Will you stay for lunch?

--- Sorry, ______ . My brother is coming to see me.

A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t

22.Sorry I’m late. I______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

A. might B. should C. can D. will

23．----Are you coming to Jeff’s party?

---- I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.

A. must B. would C. should D. might

24.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____ your lecture.

A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended

C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended

25. I was really anxious about you. You _______home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave

26.---Is John coming by train?

--- He should , but he____ not. He likes driving his car.

A. must B. can C. need D. may

27.Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter ____ go and do the opposite!

A. may B. can C. must D. should

28. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ____ report it to the police?

A. should B. may C. will D. can

29. ---I don’t mind telling you what I know.

---You______. I’m not asking you for it.

A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t

30.---I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.

----You_____ her last week.

A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told

31. “The interest ______ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, ” declared the judge.

A. may B. should C. must D. shall

32.----Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

----No, it_____ be him----I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.

A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not

33.Tom, you _______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!

A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not

34.John, look at the time._______ you play the piano at such a late hour?

A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need

35.There______ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.

A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t

36.----Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

----She_________. I’ve already borrowed one.

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

37.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it______ be very slow.

A. should B. must C. will D. can

38.He paid for a seat, when he_______ have entered free.

A. could B. would C. must D. need

39.---Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

---Thanks. You______ it, I could manage it myself.

A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done

C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done

40. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.

A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t

41.I_____have been more than six years old when the accident happened.

A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

key: 1-5:DDABC 6-10: DABAC 11-15: ADDCC 16-19: CDBD

BADCB CADBB CDBBC DD

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇14：第五章情态动词和虚拟语气 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)

第五章情态动词和虚拟语气

一、情态动词的语法特征

(1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

(2)情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

(3)情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

(4)情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词、动名词等形式。

二、虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，多半不是事实，或与事实相反。

高考重点要求：

1、情态动词的基本用法

2、情态动词表示推测的语义差别

3、情态动词后接不定式完成体的不同意义

4、虚拟语气中情态动词的用法

第一节知识点概述

一、情态动词

（一）情态动词种类

1. can表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”、“技能”或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“可能性”, 但表示人的体力或智力的具体动作时须用 be able to .

He was able to do that without any help.他不需要任何帮助就能完成这项工作。

2. may表示“允许，可以”，相当于be allowed to .

may或might可和as well连用，表示“建议”，译为“还是……的为好”

You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man. 你们还是离那疯子远点为好。

You might as well go home now.你还是现在回家为好。

3. must表示“必须”或“应当”、“一定”。

4. have to 加动词原形，表示“不得不”，“必须”，它比must更强调客观。

Tom had to work into the deep night every day to earn a living. 汤姆为了生计每天都得工作到深夜。

5. should 表示“劝告”，“建议”或“义务”时，译作“应当”，或表示“预测”和“可能”。

He should take care of his parents as they are old enough not to live on themselves. 由于父母亲老了，不能自理，他应当照顾他们。

He should be there now. 他应该在那儿。

should have done在虚拟语气中表示“责备或后悔”。

6. ought ，只有一种形式，且ought后必须加to，然后跟接动词原形表示“有义务”或“必要”做某事，译为“应当，应该”。

7. dare 可以用作情态动词，后面跟不带to的动词不定式，这主要用于否定句中，它本身可有现在时第三人称单数，词尾加s，它还可以有ing分词形式(daring)和过去式及ed分词形式(dared)。

（二）情态动词在一般时否定句中的用法

can't(cannot) 表示“不可能”， may not 表示“不可以”， mustn't(must not) 表示“一定不要”，“不许可”，needn't (need not) 表示“不必”，dare not ＋动词原形表示“不敢”。

He can't finish his essay by this time. 现在他不可能写完论文。

He may not sleep now. 他或许现在没在睡觉。

You mustn't criticize her in that way. 你不应那样批评她。

You needn't come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。

He dared not meet his fiancée. 他不敢见女朋友。

（三）can，may，must三者用法比较

can，may，must是三个最重要的情态动词，其基本句型如下：

肯定句：主语+can，may，must +动词原形

否定句：主语+can，may，must +not +动词原形

疑问句：Can，May，Must +主语+动词原形

1. can，may，must的肯定句

You may eat lunch，but you must wash your hands.

你可以吃饭，但是你必须洗手。

（1）can

a.表示能力；能，会

She can run fast，but I can't.

她很会跑，但是我不会。

b.表示可能；能够

I can get there in ten minutes.

我十分钟之后就可以到那儿。

（表示一种可能性）

c.表示允许；许可

You can use this dictionary.

你可以用这本字典。

d.can和be able to比较

can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态。

can（could）表示能力时，可用be able to代替。

I can（=am able to）pay for the book. 我买得起那本书。

He will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了。

（2）may

a.表示请求、许可

May I borrow your pen？

我可以借你的钢笔用一用吗？

b.可能、或许

Tomorrow I may go shopping.

明天，我可能（或许）去商店买东西。

He might be our new teacher.

他或许是我们的新老师。

（3）must

a.必须、应该（表示有做某一动作的必要或义务）

You must buy a ticket.

你必须买一张票。

b.一定、准是（表示有把握的判断或推测，一般只用于肯定句中）

在You must这一句型中，它的意思与祈使句相同。

You must get up early. =Get up early.

你必须早起。

You must study hard. =Study hard.

你必须用功读书。

He must be our new teacher.

他肯定是我们的新老师。

2.表示推测的用法

can , could ,may ,might ,must 皆可用来表示推测，其用法如下：

a．could ,might 表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can ,may。

b．can ,could 用于否定句和疑问句中。

句型：主语+ can't , couldn't +be +动词ing．（否定句）

Can ,Could +主语 +be +动词 ing．（疑问句）

They can't be cleaning the room now．他们现在不可能在打扫房间。

c．may ,might , must 用在肯定句中。

句型：主语+ may ,might ,must +be +动词 -ing

（表示对现在发生动作的推测）

He must be sleeping . 他现在肯定在睡觉。

d．但如果上述这些词 (must ,can't… ) + have +过去分词则指对过去已发生的事进行推测。

The road is wet. It must have rained last night .

地是湿的；昨天晚上肯定下雨了。

There isn't any water on the road . It (can't ) couldn't have rained last night .

地面上一个水滴都没有，昨天不可能下雨了。

（四） have to的用法

1. have（has）to +动词原形

have（has）to后面要用动词原形。当主语为第三人称单数时用has to，当句子是过去时用had to。

We have to leave now.

我们不得不现在就离开。

He has to work on Sunday.

他不得不在周日工作。

I had to do my homework last Sunday.

上周日，我不得不做作业。

2. have to的否定句

句型：主语+don't（doesn't, didn’t, will not）have to+动词原形

You don't have to walk so fast.

你不必走那么快。

He will not have to buy a new coat next year.

明年，他没必要买新外衣了。

3. have to的疑问句

句型：Do（Does, Did, Will）+主语+have to +动词原形？

Do you have to study maths now？

你现在必须学数字吗？

Yes，I do.是的，必须学。

No，I don't（have to）。不，不必学。

Did he have to ask the question？

他非要问那个问题吗？

Yes，he did.是的。

No，he didn't（have to）.不。

4. must与have to比较

must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，have to侧重于客观上的必要。如果用于过去时态或将来时态时，则要用have to的相应时态来代替must。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

My brother was very ill，so I had to call for the doctor in the middle of the night.

我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（一般过去时）

I haven't got any money with me，so I'll have to borrow some from my friend.

我身上没有钱，只好向朋友借点了。（一般将来时）

He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。

二、虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示说话人的意愿、假设、猜测或建议。虚拟语气不表示客观存在的事实，谓语动词用特殊的形式表示虚拟语气。

1．表示与现在事实相反时的谓语形式。

从句主句

过去式 (be和were) would (should、could)+ 动词原形

例如：If Tom were hungry, he would eat the bread. (In fact, Tom isn’t hungry.)

2．表示与过去事实相反的谓语形式。

从句主句

had + 过去分词 would (should、could) + have +过去分词

例如：If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the early bus. (In fact, I didn’t catch the bus.)

3．表示与将来事实相反的谓语形式。

从句主句

动词过去式

should + 动词原形

were to + 动词原形

would (should、could) + 动词原形

例如：If they came tomorrow, we would told them about it. (In fact, they won’t come tomorrow。)

4．动词wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词可用过去式、过去完成式或would、might加原形。

例如：I wish I were as strong as you.

He wished I would stay with us.

She wished I had attended the meeting yesterday.

5．在有些动词如：suggest、insist、order等动词后，从句谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略。例如：

He suggested that we (should) discuss the problem right now.

6．在有些句型中如：It is important (necessary、natural、strange等) + that从句中的谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。例如：

It is necessary that the doctor (should) be sent there at once.

7．在It is time that, I would rather that句式中从句谓语动词用过去式。例如：

It is time we went to bed.

I would rather he came next week.

第二节实战演练

一、复习时需注意的要点

（一）情态动词

1、情态动词在句中没有人称和数的变化。

2、含有情态动词的句子改为否定句或疑问句不必加助动词，只需要将情态动词置于主语前，或在情态动词后加上not。

例如：Must I write a letter to cheer him up?

You needn’t wait for me.

3、情态动词的过去式，例如can-could，may-might。但是少数情态动词只有过去式，例如used to表示过去常常。must的过去式往往用had to代替。

4、情态动词后还可接不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。

例如：He can’t be doing his homework now. 他现在不可能在做功课。

He must have attended the meeting last night. 昨晚他一定参加了会议。

（二）虚拟语气

1、在if条件句中，如果含有were , should或had等助动词，if可以省去，句子用倒装。

例如：Were I you , I would buy this reference book.

2、should与would都可以用于if条件句的主句中，但should一般只用于第一人称，would用于所有人称。

例如：If you were here , I would tell you the news .

3、某些条件可以用介词短语without… , but for 等来表示。

例如：Without your help , I could not have succeeded in passing the exam .

4、有时句子通过but或otherwise等词来表示真实与虚拟的转换，在这种情况下，只有不真实的部分用虚拟式。

例如：I was ill yesterday；otherwise I would have played football with you .

But for the heavy rain , we would have gone to the concert .

5、有suggest等词的相应的名词组成的同位语从句及表语从句用虚拟式。

例如：I accepted my mother’s suggestion that I should eat an apple every day .

二、历届高考试题分析

例1、There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.

A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t

答案：C

【解析】根据经验或惯例对某一情况进行推测，用should或ought to，常译成“按理应该…”或“可能会……”。shouldn’t是其否定形式。

例2、-Is John coming by train?

-He should, but he _______ not. He likes driving his car.

A. must B. can C. need D. may

答案为D。

【解析】 come, go, leave, start等趋向动词的进行时表示将来时，所以答语是对这一将来动作做出的推断。may not“可能不；不一定”，根据he likes driving his car可以看出John可能乘火车来，也可能自己开车来。may not正好符合这一语境。must not“不准”；cannot“不可能”；need not“不必”。

例3、It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen

C. should fall D. were to fall

答案为B。

【解析】根据句意和I would be doing可以判断这是虚拟语气。at the age of seven 是表示过去的时间状语，if从句中的谓语要用had not fallen，表示对过去情况的假设。由于主句中的谓语表示对现在的虚拟，条件句中的谓语表示对过去情况的虚拟，增加了试题的难题，但是，使用排除法可以容易地做出该题：should fall 和were to fall都可以用于条件句中表示对将来的虚拟；wouldn't have fallen不用于条件句中，所以都不能作为答案。译文：如果我不在七岁时就迷恋上了我们家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆，我真不能想象我今天会做什么。

例4、You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________be so rude to a lady.

A. might B. need C. should D. would

答案为C。

【解析】 should用于表示感情，意向等句中的that从句，表示“竟然……，居然……”的惊讶，出乎意料。译文：你难以想象一位行为体面的绅士会对一位女士那么粗鲁。

例5、What would have happened ________, as far as up to the river bank?

A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther

答案为C。

【解析】因为主句的谓语动词用了would have happened，所以从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。在虚拟语气中，如果条件状语从句中的if省略，该句要倒装。译文：如果鲍勃走得远一点，走到岸边，会发生什么事呢?

例6、Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ________it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?

A. can B. should C. may D. must

答案为A。

【解析】 can表示可能性的推测，常用于疑问句或否定句中；may表“可能性”常用于肯定句或否定句中；must常用于肯定句中表推测，“一定……”的意思。注意：can not表示“不可能”，而may not表示“或许不……可能不……”，两者语气上有区别。译文：布什先生按时做好一切事。他来参加开幕式迟到了可能会是什么样的情景呢?

例7、My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _________ your lecture.

A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended

C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended

答案为A。

【解析】 “情态动词+不定式完成式”有各自的含义。must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，多用于肯定句中；needn't have done表示过去本不必做的事情；shouldn't have done表示过去做了不该做的事情；can't (couldn't) have done表示对过去的否定性推测，意为“不可能”。所提供的情境My sister met him at the Grand 表示他不可能参加讲座。

例8、He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he_________ a goal.

A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored

答案为D。

【解析】根据otherwise可以判断出要用虚拟语气。表示过去发生的事要用would have scored。译文：在踢球前他犹豫了一会儿，否则他就会射中球门。

例9、Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I _______ so much fried chicken just now.

A. shouldn't eat B. mustn't have eaten C. shouldn't have eaten D. mustn't eaten

答案为C。

【解析】 just now是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态动词+have+过去分词的形式”。所以只能在选项B或C中确定答案。mustn't have eaten是一个错误选项，因为“mustn't+动词”表示“禁止”，不表示判断或推测。译文：噢，我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。

例10、I was really anxious about you .You_________ home without a word.

A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left

C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave

答案为B。

【解析】 should' t have done表示本来不应该做而做了，含责备意味。译文：我真为你着急，你不应该不说一句话就离开了家。另外注意mustn't+动词表示“禁止”。

第三节巩固练习

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. -Isn' t that Ann's husband over there?

-No, it _______ be him . I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.

A. can't B. must not C. won't D. may not

2.You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.

A. needn't to come B. don't need come

C. don't need coming D. needn't come

3. Heyou more help, even though he was very busy.

A. might have given B. might give

C. may have given D. may give

4. - I help you with some shoes, madam?

-Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones.

A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must

5. The reason why they leave wasn't explained to us.

A. had B. had to C. must D. might

6. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought Iit at home.

A. left B. have left

C. might have left D. could have left

7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.

A. could have fallen B. should have fallen

C. must have fallen D. mustn't have fallen

8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they return to their school.

A. can B. must C. have to D. ought to

9. I want to go to the chemist's, but you go with me.

A. need not B. must not C. need D. can’t

10. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion.

A. can B. could C. should D. would

11. What we get seems better than what we have.

A. can B. could C. can't D. couldn't

12. -My goodness! I've just missed the train.

-That's too bad. I am sure you it, if you had hurried.

A. could have caught B. had caught

C. would catch D. could catch

13. Look! What you've done! You more careful.

A. may be B. had to

C. should have been D. would be

14. I repeat the question?

A. Shall B. Will C. Do you want that D. Do

15. Professor Li, many students want to see you. they wait here or outside!

A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are

16. You read that book if you don't want to.

A. haven't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't

17. Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.

A. won't… can't B. can't…shouldn't

C. shouldn't…must D. mustn't…may

18. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at any moment.

A. must B. need C. can D. should

19. -There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.

-It a comfortable journey.

A. can't be B. shouldn't be

C. couldn't have been D. mustn't have been

20. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.

A. have told B. tell

C. be telling C. having told

21. Everyone is here. we start the meeting?

A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Shall

22. I parked my car right here but now it's gone. It.

A. must be stolen B. may be stolen

C. must have stolen D. must have been stolen

23. He the work yesterday, but he didn't.

A. must have finished B. need have finished

C. finished D. should have finished

24. He did not pass the examination. As a good student, he .

A. mustn't have failed B. may not have failed

C. needn't have failed D. shouldn't have failed

25. it be true that Albert passed the test in geography?

A. May B. Should C. Could D. Would

26. You lead a horse to the water but you not make it drink.

A. will…can B. may…can

C. may…dare D. dare…can

27. -Must we finish the composition in class?

-No, you.

A. needn't B. mustn't

C. won't D. shouldn't

28. Her eyes were red. She .

A. must cry B. must be cried

C. must have been crying D. may cry

29. Mary his letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

A. has received B. must receive

C. couldn't have received D. shouldn't have received

30. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her.

A. had to write it out B. must have written it out

C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out

31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success.

A. had been B. has been C. were D. was

32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been

33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he an elephant.

A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift

34. He described the town as if he it himself.

A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees

35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he from an evil dream.

A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke

36. Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.

A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do

37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.

A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have

38. He insisted that the sky ____ clear up the following day.

A. would B. should C.／ D. be

39. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology .

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved

40. He told her to return the book in time so that others a chance to read it .

A. may have B. will have C. would have D. might have

41. It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ______ all diplomas from elementary school to university.

A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have

43. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he to the meeting.

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come

44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he acting for a living one day.

A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up

45. If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

46. I hadn’t expected Henry to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him to call me up B. him calling me up

C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me

47. I had hoped that John a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.

A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend

48. I had hoped that Jennifer a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science.

A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes

49. I’d rather you anything about it for the time being.

A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t

50. -Did you blame the accident on him alone ?

-Yes, but I ______so .

A. would rather not do B. shouldn’t do

C. shouldn’t have done D. better have not done

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇15：高三英语复习（非谓语动词） (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

高三英语复习专题（非谓语动词）

(出题人：张伟)

1. -- What’s made you so upset?

-- ______ three tickets to the pop music concert.

A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since I lost

2. Excuse me, but it’s time to have your temperature _______.

A. taking B. to be taken C. take D. taken

3. Though he had often made his sister ______, today he was made _______ by his sister.

A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry

4. I feel like ______ a long walk. Would you like ______ with me?

A. taking; going B. taking; to go C. to take; to go D. to take; going

5. Every minute is made full ______ of ______ our lessons well.

A. to use; studying B. use; studying C. use; to study D. used; studying

6. None of the criminals escaped ______.

A. be punished B. being punished C. to be punished D. punishing

7. Why do you have the lights ______ all night long?

A. burn B. to burn C. burning D. burned

8. ______ the past, our life is much better.

A. Comparing with B. Be compared C. To compare with D. Compared with

9. ______ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in

the sky and ______ them light .

A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving

10. ______ all the time is the key to ______ progress in English.

A. Practise; making B. Practising; make

C. To practise; making D. To practise; make

11. ______ of plastics, the machines are light in weight.

A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made

12. The ______ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ______ by his naughty boy.

A. following; following B. followed; followed

C. following; followed D. followed; following

13. ______ the exam, the boy was punished by his father.

A. No passing B. Having passed C. Not passing D. Not having passed

14. He is often listened ______ in the next room.

A. to to sing B. to sing C. sing D. sang

15. Is this the watch you wish to ______?

A. have it repaired B. repair it C. have repaired D. have repaired it

16. The way he thought of ______ the problem is practical.

A. solving B. to solve C. how to solve D. how to settle

17. Wet umbrellas are not allowed ______ into the hotel.

A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking

18. She returned home only ______ the door open and something ______.

A. to find; missed B. found; to be missing

C. to find; missing D. finding; to be missed

19. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for

me, I found my color TV set ________ when I got home .

A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing

20. -- Did you close the door when you left?

-- Yes, I remember ______ it, for it remains ______.

A. to close; closed B. closing; locking C. to close; to be locked D. closing; locked

21. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ______ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased

to see children well ______ care of in the nursery.

A. looked; taken B. looking; taken C. looked; took D. looking; taking

22. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.

A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able

23. The Bunsen Burner is so famous because it is thought ______ by Robert Bunsen.

A. to be invented B. having been invented

C. invented D. to have been invented

24. Time ______, I can have done it better.

A. permits B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit

25. We appreciate ______ us to the ball.

A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited

26. ______ his mother, the baby could not help ______. .

A. To see; to laugh B. Seeing; laughing C. Seeing; to laugh D. To see; laughing

27. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______ your advice!

A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow

28. People will be encouraged to eat healthy food, ______ and to drink less beer and wine.

A. not to smoke B. don’t smoke C. not smoke D. not smoking

29. ______ in the heavy snow, he walked into an expensive shop.

A. Catching B. Having been caught C. Caught D. To be caught

30. ______ from space, the earth, with water ______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a

“blue ball”.

A. Seen; covered B. Seen; covering C. Seeing; covering D. Seeing; covering

31. This book is worthy ______ twice.

A. reading B. read C. having been read D. to be read

32. _______, he went to ask his teacher.

A. Not known how to do it B. Unknown what to do

C. Knowing not how to do D. Not knowing how to do it

33. -- I would like to buy an expensive camera.

-- Well, we have several models ______.

A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosen D. for choice

34. I regret ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment.

A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to informing

35. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _______.

A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted

C. fully accepting D. fully being accepting

36. It was ______ the radio that the young man spent a whole morning in his room.

A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to be repairing

37. Autumn ______ on, the leaves on the trees began falling.

A. coming B. come C. comes D. was coming

38. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ______ English.

A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn

39. Mr. Smith, ______of the ______ speech, started to read a novel.

A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring

40. Mr. Smith stood up in defence of the boy, ______ that he was not the one ______.

A. to say; blamed B. saying; to blame

C. said; blaming D. saying; to be blamed

41. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported ______ since the flood hit the area last

Friday.

A. getting lost B. to be missing

C. having got lost D. to have been missing

42. Isn’t it time you ______ down to ______the papers?

A. get; mark B. got; marking

C. get; marking D. got; being marking

43. ______ and I’ll get the work finished.

A. One more hour B. Given one more hour

C. Have one more hour D. If I have one more hour

44. I can’t stand _____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses to stop _____ while she works.

A. working; talking B. working; to talk C. to work; talking D. to work; to talk

45. To his disappointment, the opinion he had stuck to ______ wrong.

A. turn out B. turned out C. turning out D. was turned out

46. Such ______ the case, I couldn’t help but ______ him.

A. being; support B. is; to support C. has been; supporting D. be; supported

47. The noise of the desks ______ could be heard in the next classroom.

A. being opened and closed B. opened and closed

C. having been opened and closed D. to be opened and closed

48. Generally ______, when ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

A. speaking; taking B. spoken; taken

C. speaking; taken D. spoken; to be taken

49. The earthquake ____ the tsunami(海啸) happened deep under the sea, ___ over 200,000 people.

A. caused; killed B. caused; killing C. causing; killed D. causing; killing

50. Walking out of the room with a _____ smile on his face, he turned _____ goodbye to the host.

A. forcing; to say B. forced; saying C. forcing; saying D. forced; to say

51. With two children ______ university this September, the parents are working hard.

A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. having attended

52. The car burns more fuel. But ___ it or not, ____ all things into consideration, it’s still a good car.

A. believe; taking B. believe; taken

C. to believe; to take D. to believe; having taken

53. The story ______ by the writer is very ______ with many middle school students in China.

A. /; popular B. written; welcome C. writing; agreed D. written; pleased

54. It’s no use ______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall.

A. arguing; argue B. to argue; arguing C. arguing; arguing D. to argue; argue

55. With his son ______, the old man felt _______.

A. disappointed; disappointing B. disappointing; disappointed

C. being disappointed; disappointed D. to disappoint; disappointing

56. It’s ______ cold! I can’t get the engine ______.

A. frozen; go B. freezing; going C. freeze; got D. freezing; to go

57. Finding her car stolen, _______.

A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman

58. I was cycling in the street when I heard an old woman ______ out a ______ cry and then saw

her bleeding badly.

A. give; frighten B. give; frightened

C. giving; frightening D. to give; frightened

59. Can you imagine a little boy ______ a stranger ______ into the house and ______ a box away?

A. notice; enter; steal B. watching; coming; taking

C. observed; going; getting D. seeing; steal; carry

59. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ______ from you now and then ______ me

how everyone is getting along.

A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell

61. Everybody laughed, ______.

A. I included B. me included C. I including D. me including

62. ______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than whose

command of English is poor.

A. Other things being equal B. Other things were equal

C. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal

KEY:

1-5 BDABC 6-10 BCDDC 11-15 DCDAC 16-20 BACAD 21-25 BCDCC 26-30 BCACB 31-35 DDACA 36-40 CAAAB 41-45 DBAAB 46-50 AACDD 51-55 CAAAB 56-60 BDBDC 61-62 BA

高三英语复习专题（非谓语动词）

(出题人：张伟)

1. -- What’s made you so upset?

-- ______ three tickets to the pop music concert.

A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since I lost

2. Excuse me, but it’s time to have your temperature _______.

A. taking B. to be taken C. take D. taken

3. Though he had often made his sister ______, today he was made _______ by his sister.

A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry

4. I feel like ______ a long walk. Would you like ______ with me?

A. taking; going B. taking; to go C. to take; to go D. to take; going

5. Every minute is made full ______ of ______ our lessons well.

A. to use; studying B. use; studying C. use; to study D. used; studying

6. None of the criminals escaped ______.

A. be punished B. being punished C. to be punished D. punishing

7. Why do you have the lights ______ all night long?

A. burn B. to burn C. burning D. burned

8. ______ the past, our life is much better.

A. Comparing with B. Be compared C. To compare with D. Compared with

9. ______ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in

the sky and ______ them light .

A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving

10. ______ all the time is the key to ______ progress in English.

A. Practise; making B. Practising; make

C. To practise; making D. To practise; make

11. ______ of plastics, the machines are light in weight.

A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made

12. The ______ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ______ by his naughty boy.

A. following; following B. followed; followed

C. following; followed D. followed; following

13. ______ the exam, the boy was punished by his father.

A. No passing B. Having passed C. Not passing D. Not having passed

14. He is often listened ______ in the next room.

A. to to sing B. to sing C. sing D. sang

15. Is this the watch you wish to ______?

A. have it repaired B. repair it C. have repaired D. have repaired it

16. The way he thought of ______ the problem is practical.

A. solving B. to solve C. how to solve D. how to settle

17. Wet umbrellas are not allowed ______ into the hotel.

A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking

18. She returned home only ______ the door open and something ______.

A. to find; missed B. found; to be missing

C. to find; missing D. finding; to be missed

19. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for

me, I found my color TV set ________ when I got home .

A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing

20. -- Did you close the door when you left?

-- Yes, I remember ______ it, for it remains ______.

A. to close; closed B. closing; locking C. to close; to be locked D. closing; locked

21. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ______ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased

to see children well ______ care of in the nursery.

A. looked; taken B. looking; taken C. looked; took D. looking; taking

22. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.

A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able

23. The Bunsen Burner is so famous because it is thought ______ by Robert Bunsen.

A. to be invented B. having been invented

C. invented D. to have been invented

24. Time ______, I can have done it better.

A. permits B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit

25. We appreciate ______ us to the ball.

A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited

26. ______ his mother, the baby could not help ______. .

A. To see; to laugh B. Seeing; laughing C. Seeing; to laugh D. To see; laughing

27. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______ your advice!

A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow

28. People will be encouraged to eat healthy food, ______ and to drink less beer and wine.

A. not to smoke B. don’t smoke C. not smoke D. not smoking

29. ______ in the heavy snow, he walked into an expensive shop.

A. Catching B. Having been caught C. Caught D. To be caught

30. ______ from space, the earth, with water ______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a

“blue ball”.

A. Seen; covered B. Seen; covering C. Seeing; covering D. Seeing; covering

31. This book is worthy ______ twice.

A. reading B. read C. having been read D. to be read

32. _______, he went to ask his teacher.

A. Not known how to do it B. Unknown what to do

C. Knowing not how to do D. Not knowing how to do it

33. -- I would like to buy an expensive camera.

-- Well, we have several models ______.

A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosen D. for choice

34. I regret ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment.

A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to informing

35. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _______.

A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted

C. fully accepting D. fully being accepting

36. It was ______ the radio that the young man spent a whole morning in his room.

A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to be repairing

37. Autumn ______ on, the leaves on the trees began falling.

A. coming B. come C. comes D. was coming

38. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ______ English.

A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn

39. Mr. Smith, ______of the ______ speech, started to read a novel.

A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring

40. Mr. Smith stood up in defence of the boy, ______ that he was not the one ______.

A. to say; blamed B. saying; to blame

C. said; blaming D. saying; to be blamed

41. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported ______ since the flood hit the area last

Friday.

A. getting lost B. to be missing

C. having got lost D. to have been missing

42. Isn’t it time you ______ down to ______the papers?

A. get; mark B. got; marking

C. get; marking D. got; being marking

43. ______ and I’ll get the work finished.

A. One more hour B. Given one more hour

C. Have one more hour D. If I have one more hour

44. I can’t stand _____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses to stop _____ while she works.

A. working; talking B. working; to talk C. to work; talking D. to work; to talk

45. To his disappointment, the opinion he had stuck to ______ wrong.

A. turn out B. turned out C. turning out D. was turned out

46. Such ______ the case, I couldn’t help but ______ him.

A. being; support B. is; to support C. has been; supporting D. be; supported

47. The noise of the desks ______ could be heard in the next classroom.

A. being opened and closed B. opened and closed

C. having been opened and closed D. to be opened and closed

48. Generally ______, when ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

A. speaking; taking B. spoken; taken

C. speaking; taken D. spoken; to be taken

49. The earthquake ____ the tsunami(海啸) happened deep under the sea, ___ over 200,000 people.

A. caused; killed B. caused; killing C. causing; killed D. causing; killing

50. Walking out of the room with a _____ smile on his face, he turned _____ goodbye to the host.

A. forcing; to say B. forced; saying C. forcing; saying D. forced; to say

51. With two children ______ university this September, the parents are working hard.

A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. having attended

52. The car burns more fuel. But ___ it or not, ____ all things into consideration, it’s still a good car.

A. believe; taking B. believe; taken

C. to believe; to take D. to believe; having taken

53. The story ______ by the writer is very ______ with many middle school students in China.

A. /; popular B. written; welcome C. writing; agreed D. written; pleased

54. It’s no use ______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall.

A. arguing; argue B. to argue; arguing C. arguing; arguing D. to argue; argue

55. With his son ______, the old man felt _______.

A. disappointed; disappointing B. disappointing; disappointed

C. being disappointed; disappointed D. to disappoint; disappointing

56. It’s ______ cold! I can’t get the engine ______.

A. frozen; go B. freezing; going C. freeze; got D. freezing; to go

57. Finding her car stolen, _______.

A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman

58. I was cycling in the street when I heard an old woman ______ out a ______ cry and then saw

her bleeding badly.

A. give; frighten B. give; frightened

C. giving; frightening D. to give; frightened

59. Can you imagine a little boy ______ a stranger ______ into the house and ______ a box away?

A. notice; enter; steal B. watching; coming; taking

C. observed; going; getting D. seeing; steal; carry

59. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ______ from you now and then ______ me

how everyone is getting along.

A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell

61. Everybody laughed, ______.

A. I included B. me included C. I including D. me including

62. ______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than whose

command of English is poor.

A. Other things being equal B. Other things were equal

C. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal

KEY:

1-5 BDABC 6-10 BCDDC 11-15 DCDAC 16-20 BACAD 21-25 BCDCC 26-30 BCACB 31-35 DDACA 36-40 CAAAB 41-45 DBAAB 46-50 AACDD 51-55 CAAAB 56-60 BDBDC 61-62 BA

高三英语复习专题（非谓语动词）

(出题人：张伟)

1. -- What’s made you so upset?

-- ______ three tickets to the pop music concert.

A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since I lost

2. Excuse me, but it’s time to have your temperature _______.

A. taking B. to be taken C. take D. taken

3. Though he had often made his sister ______, today he was made _______ by his sister.

A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry

4. I feel like ______ a long walk. Would you like ______ with me?

A. taking; going B. taking; to go C. to take; to go D. to take; going

5. Every minute is made full ______ of ______ our lessons well.

A. to use; studying B. use; studying C. use; to study D. used; studying

6. None of the criminals escaped ______.

A. be punished B. being punished C. to be punished D. punishing

7. Why do you have the lights ______ all night long?

A. burn B. to burn C. burning D. burned

8. ______ the past, our life is much better.

A. Comparing with B. Be compared C. To compare with D. Compared with

9. ______ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in

the sky and ______ them light .

A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving

10. ______ all the time is the key to ______ progress in English.

A. Practise; making B. Practising; make

C. To practise; making D. To practise; make

11. ______ of plastics, the machines are light in weight.

A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made

12. The ______ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ______ by his naughty boy.

A. following; following B. followed; followed

C. following; followed D. followed; following

13. ______ the ex

篇16：语法系列复习一-----名词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法系列复习专题一-----名词

名词的分类

专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如HongKong,

China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross

个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如 student,book

名普可数名词

词通集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family,school,

group, people

名

词不可数名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：cotton,air,tea

抽象名词：表示抽象概念，如 :work，happiness,news

2．名词的复数

可数名词有单、复数形式，其复数的构成规则如下：

1）绝大多数在词尾加s。如： book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces.

2）以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es。如：

watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;

下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数：piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo

3）以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，将y改为i，再加es。例如：baby,babies;family,families;

以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加s。例如：boy,boys;key,keys

4）以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe改为v，再加es构成复数形式，如：leaf,leaves;

wife,wives.但有些以f结尾的名词，是在f后加s构成复数，常见的有：

roof,chief,belief,gulf等。个别的两种方式都可以，如： handkerchief,’s,handkerchieves

5）少数名词的复数形式是不规则的，要一一背记：

man→men; woman→women; Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;

tooth→teeth; child→children; mouse→mice

少数名词的单、复数形式相同，如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(注：

fishes表不同种类的鱼)

6）复合名词：

A.含man或woman的复合名词，两部分都变为复数形式。如：two men teachers,

four women doctors

B.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式，如：

lookers-on旁观者，editors-in-chief总编辑, passers-by过路人

C.如果没有主体名词，就在词尾后加s。如：

grown-ups 成年人，go-betweens 中间人

7）以复数形式出现的名词：trousers,glasses眼镜，scales天平，savings储蓄，

findings 调查结果， doings行为，surroundings环境，arms武器，fireworks

烟火，remains残余，thanks感谢，riches财富，ashes灰烬，stairs 楼梯

8）有些名词在一定的词组中要用复数形式。例如：

take pains下功夫,made preparations作准备，give regards to 问候

2.名词的所有格

1）名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词。其构成多在词尾加上“’s”,如：Tom’s bike,

Marx’s works

以s结尾的专有名词，在词尾后加“’”或“’s”。如：Engels’/Engels’s works

以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“’”。如：students’ homework,a workers’ night

school 一所工人夜校，不以s结尾的复数名词，仍在词尾加“’s”。如：men’s clothes

男士衣服 children’s books 儿童读物

2）如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾分别加上“’s”。例如：Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克合住的房间 Tom’s and Mike’s rooms汤姆、迈克各自的房间

3）表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop,house等名词。

如：the tailor’s 裁缝店，the barber’s理发店，go to the doctor’s上诊所，

at my uncles在我叔叔家

4）表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来表示所有格。如：today’s newspaper,half an hour’s rest,two weeks’ work,ten minutes′walk,China’s population,Shanghai’s industry

5）表示无生命的名词一般用of短语表示所有关系。如：

the students of their school, the teachers of Grade 2

6）表示所属物的名词前如果有不定冠词、数词、不定代词，常用“of＋所有格”来表示所属关系。例如：

He is an old friend of my father’s. This is a picture of Mary’s.

考点分析

1． He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writers

A.wealth; work B.wealths; works C.weaths;work D.wealth ;works

析：此题答案D。因为wealth 是不可数名词故可排除B、C两个选项;work既可作不

可数名词表“工作”意，又可作可数名词表“作品”意，常用复数形式。根据题目意思，此处work应作可数名词用，于是又可排除A。

2.Many people agree that_______ knowledge of English is a must in ______

international trade today.

A.a; × B.the ; an C.the ;the D.×;the

析：knowledge 是抽象名词，一般不与不定冠词连用，但指具体“一门学问”或“一

门学问的掌握了解”可与不定冠词连用，这可称之为抽象名词具体化。类例如：a strong character 坚强的性格；a bright future 光明前途；a waste of time 浪费时间；a pressure on sb.对某人的压力；have a good time玩得痛快；He is a failure /a success as a leader 他当领导不行/很出色。抽象名词不与冠词连用是泛指一般概念、意义。如：what fun! fine weather ;common knowledge 常识；Knowledge begins with practice.foreign trade.因此international trade前不用冠词。

由以上两点可确定答案为A。

3.Oh, John _____you gave us !

A.How a great surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise

析：正确答案为C。“a/an＋形容词＋抽象名词”是抽象名词具体化的常见形式。又如：

an advanced culture 一种先进文化；a great interest 极大的兴趣；do him a good kindness帮了他一个大忙。

4. She broke a _______ while she was washing up .

A.glass wine B.wine glass C.wine’s glass D.glass of wine 析：根据broke一词及四个选项，可确定空白处应选“酒杯”故可排除A、D；C不是表达“酒杯”的正确形式，只有B才是正确答案。英语中用名词作定语修饰名词的情况很多，这些作定语用的名词可表①分类意义②表时间、地点、称呼③表目的、手段、原料、来源、所属等意义。

① 例： woman driver ,telephone number ,school education ,research work ,coffee cup ,English teacher ,air pollution

② 例：book store ,winter sleep ,country life ,college student ,South China

③例：milk bottle ,steam boat ,goat skin ,stone wall ,gas station ,lunch room ,tooth brush

5.________terrible weather we’ve been having these days!

A.What B.What a C.How D.How a

析：这是一个感叹句，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，what修饰名词。weather是不可数名词，其前不可加不定冠词a。因此这题正确答案是A。

6.Shortly after the accident ,two _______police were sent to the spot to keep order .

A.dozens of B.dozens C.dozens’ of D.dozen

析：正确答案是D。dozen, score ,hundred, thousand ,million等名词前面有数词或many ,several等词，且表示具体数目时，这些名词一般不用复数形式，但在下列短语中却加S，并与of连用:dozens of (许多的)，scores of (好几十的)，hundreds of (成百的)，thousands of (上千的)，millions of （数百万的）

7.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible .Just have a little ______.

A.wait B.time C.patience D.rest

析：由题干第一句意“我会尽快调查那件事”，可知下句是要对方不要着急，故答案应为C。这是由情景，语境确定答案题目。

8.If by any chance someone comes to see me ,ask them to leave a _________.

A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice

析：答案为A。道理同第7题。

专题练习

1._________from Beijing to London!

A.How long way it is B.What a long way is it C.How long way is it D.What a long way it is

2.We’ve worked out the plan ,and now we must put it into________.

A.fact B.practice C.reality D.deed

3.Electrcity , like other forms of ________ ,has greatly increased in price.

A.pressure B.force C.strength D.energy

4．That fellow is clever ; he has ___________.

A.brain B.a brain C.the brain D.brains

5.Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.

A.shoes store B.shoe’s store C.shoe store D.shoes’ store

6.Those ______ took lots of ______ in the Summer Palace.

A.Germen; photoes B.Germen; photos

C.Germans; photos D.Germans; photoes

7.All possible means __________ to save the hero.

A.has tried B.have tried C.has been tried D.have been tried

8.--Whose car is it ?

--It’s________.

A.Tom and Mary B.Tom’s and Mary’s

C.Tom’s and Mary D.Tom and Mary’s

9.There are 5____ in th fields.

A.heads of cattles B.heads of cattle

C.head of cattles D.head of cattle

10.He is the very thief the police ________ looking for .

A.is B.are C.has D.have

11.All but Jack __________ here just now .

A.is B.are C.was D.were

12.He knows almost everything .So we say he is a man of many _________.

A.knowleges B.presents C.gifts D.rewards

13.Carelessness is the usual __________ of fire.

A.way B.excuse C.cause D.reason

14.The girl is quite ________to her mother now .

A.a help B.helps C.help D.helpness

15._______is coming to give us a lecture .

A.A manager and an expert B.A manager and expert

C.Manager and expert D.Manager and an expert

16.Most of the bridges over the river are made of __________.

A.stone B.the stone C.a stone D.the stones

17.If you hurt her _________ ,you should apologize.

A.feelings B.feel C.feels D.feeling

18.I’ll go and call at __________ right after school.

A.the doctor B.the Smiths C.Smith D.my uncle’s

19.The shop will be closed during_________.

A.repairs B.a repair C.repair D.repairing

20.The________we saw yesterday come out to the farm once in a while.

A.mouse B.deer C.dog D.cow

21.My brother didn’t find army life to his __________.

A.like B.taste C.quality D.favour

22.Though they hadn’t met for long ,he recognized her ___________.

A.voice B.noise C.sound D.laughter

23.Learning that they were to have a picnic,the children were in _______.

A.the high spirit B.high spirits

C.a high spirit D.high spirit

24.After _______ silence ,they began to write letters to each other .

A.three-year B.a three-year C.three years D.three yearss

25.If these trousers are too big ,buy a smaller__________.

A.copy B.pair C.piece D.set

26.That daughter of Jack’s is ______.

A.a good fun B.good runs C.good fun D.good funny

27._______will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.(93年上海高考题)

A.The Evenses’ B.The Evens’ C.The Evenses D.The Evens

28.He is one of the most successful_______ in the city.

A.newspaper’s writer B.newspaper writers

C.nesapapers’ writer D.newspaper writer

29.--Where is your brother?

--At_____.

A.Mr Green’s B.Greens C.the Mr Green’s D.the Greens

30.--Are you _______ ,Mr Black?

--Yes ,I speak______.

A.English ; the English language B.the English ; English

C.an Englishman; on English language D.an English ; English

答案

1－5 D B D D C 6－10 C D D D B

11－15 D C C A B 16－20 A A D A B

21－25 B A B B B 26－30 C C B A A

责任编辑：李芳芳

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