托福写作十大类话题介绍

下面小编给大家整理了托福写作十大类话题介绍，本文共20篇，供大家阅读参考。

篇1：托福写作十大类话题介绍

托福写作十大类话题介绍

1、托福写作教育类话题

教育类话题主要涉及到学生的一些基本情况，包括选课、就业、学校活动以及课下作业等很多方面。此外，学校的一些决策、设备变更、教师选择等也都有涉及。教育类话题在托福写作中的占比很高，在历年托福写作考试中大概占据25%左右的题目。

2、托福写作社会类话题

社会类话题涉及的范围很广，主要是指一些社会话题、事件以及观点类问题。例如：Do you agree or disagree that society benefits more from works of great artists than from political leaders.是否同意：艺术家比政治家对社会的贡献大。像这样的话题就属于社会类话题，考生在表达这类话题的时候，一定要注意不要涉及极端、信仰以及政治敏感类的问题。单从两个对象的角度出发即可。

3、托福写作生活方式类话题

生活方式类题目主要是指人们对于一些生活方式的选择，比如：在大城市好，还是在小城市居住比较好。包括居住地点、生活态度、生活方式选择以及生活和工作的权衡等。对于这类题目往往是二选一的问题，考生可以选择自己支持的一方，当然也可以兼顾两者。

4、托福写作人物类话题

人物类话题，主要指个体的任务特性、性格以及和人物相关的一些特点。例如：一个领导要有承认错误的勇气。人物类话题需要注意的是，在描述人物特性的时候要站在客观的角度，不要过多参杂个人主见，还要从群体角度出发，而不是个人。

5、托福写作工作类话题

工作类话题涉及到的面比较单一，一般是和工作相关的工作压力、工作机会、工作能力以及工作地点选择等。其中，“工作能力提升”是一个人在工作中得到的进步和收获;“压力”是现在工作者在工作中共同承受的问题。这两个也是考察率比较高的话题。

6、托福写作成功类话题

成功类话题一般考查成功的要素，就是怎样才能够成功。成功类话题常常涉及的关键字有机会、教育或知识、创造力、效率、能力等。其中，机会、创造力以及效率三方面在托福写作中出现的概率最高。

7、托福写作环境类话题

由于近年来环境恶化，这类话题出现的概率也在攀高。说到环境，我们就会想到诸如环境保护、节约、环境治理、环境保护以及节约等相关的话题。针对环境类问题，考生一定要引起注意，从而能够更好地完成托福写作的任务。

8、托福写作交通类话题

交通类话题主要考查交通安全、交通工具发展以及交通规则等三个方面。其中，“安全”问题在交通类出现的比重大概会占据50%左右，需要考生格外注意。

9、托福写作科技类话题

说到“科技”，我们可能会想到现在日益发展的手机、电脑以及各种各样新出现的科技产品等。这些科技产品使得我们的生活变得更加便利，高效。所以，我们就针对科技发展的优势，来分析一下科技类话题。

10、托福写作媒体类话题

媒体类话题涉及“电视，广播，电脑，手机”对于我们生活的影响。提到这些媒体，我们就能够联想到媒体对现在生活带来的影响和变化。而“效率”和“健康”是和媒体类分不开的两个写作思路。

托福写作思路解析：政府的首要任务

新托福写作题目：政府的首要任务

1.During economic crisis, the government tries to reduce money in certain public service area Which one do you think the government should spend less money into?

Education; (2) Health Care; (3) Support for Unemployed

新托福写作思路解析：政府的首要任务

3选1题目，选择少投资到失业者

1.

论点：投资教育对于政府来说是首要任务之一。

解释：教育质量的高低决定了这个国家年轻一代是否能够有较高的文化水以及是否能够培养足够多样化的能力。

引出：从无数政府大力投资教育就能看出来投资教育的重要性。

分析：美国政府最近几年一直在进行教育方面的改革，大力的提升基础教育以及高等教育的教学质量以及水平。为了培养足够多的人才，以及让更多的孩子受到大学教育，更多的社区大学被建立，并且给予社区大学的学生很多的机会去college 和 university上学。除此之外，中小学的基础设施建设也被政府所重视，为了让学生能够更好的提升他们的学习效率，绝大部分学校都会配备设备齐全的实验室，以及藏书很多的图书馆。

结论：因此从美国政府对于教育的重视就能看投资教育的重要性。

2.

论点：健康对于普通市民来说是最重要的，表明了政府对于不断提升医疗技术的重视的必要性。

解释：医疗技术的发展能够决定是否人们能够保持健康的身体状态，而这也是社会发展的前提条件，因为没有健康的普通个体，社会的各个行业的发展不可能得到保障。例子：近左右，各种大范围突发性传染疾病的出现使得人们的身体健康时刻处于威胁之下，从席卷中国的SARS，到几年先后出现的禽流感，还有近两年出现的埃博拉病毒。如果医疗技术没有在进步，那么很可能整个人类都会处于巨大的威胁之下。除了这些突发性疾病，现在人们从小注射的各种疫苗也正是医疗技术不断进步的成果。

结论：因此可以看出医疗技术的进步关乎人们的身体健康，需要被政府重视。

3.

让步段：

诚然帮助那些失业的人也很重要。

失业的人无法得到稳定的经济收入，会直接影响他们的生活。

然而，政府如果投资教育，能够很大程度的减少失业人的数量，而且那些失业的人也可以通过使用政府所投资的教育系统，去上培训学校，去提升自己的能力，使得自己能够重新就业。因此在这三者中，政府更应重视教育和医疗。

托福写作思路解析：专卖店和大商场

新托福写作题目：专卖店和大商场

it is always better to purchase in large stores than in several small shops that specialize in different items

新托福写作思路解析：专卖店和大商场

专卖店买：

更有效率-大商场东西太多，人们每次回花很多时间挑选，甚至忘记自己要买什么，造成不必要的消费。而专卖店只提供某些类别的商品，很有针对性。所以不会造成时间的浪费-例如我选择球鞋的时候，我每次去耐克店直接找科比系列的球鞋，所以每次购物的时间非常短，我只需要选择球鞋的尺码和颜色就ok了。当我选择购买衣服的时候，一般我就去阿迪店，因为颜色比较好看，款式比较新颖。因此我个人例子就能够看出专卖店的好处。

服务质量-大商场服务质量差，因为他们觉得客户多。而专卖店的服务质量很高。- 例如苹果店，服务态度超好，也很专业，无论何时进去都有人立即过来提供服务。例如我上次手机出了一些问题，刚进专卖店，就有技术人员询问我出了问题，并且立即给我的机器进行检测，然后发现是因为系统出现了漏洞，然后帮我充装了系统，手机就好了，解决问题的过程中也一直指导我怎么去用一些功能。所以我感觉到很温暖。

托福作文精彩句型赏析：一个句子掌握5条短语

This need for immediacy is reflected in younger news consumers’ choice of media: they overwhelmingly prefer to get their news from television and the Internet.

这句话的逻辑结构是： This need for… is reflected in A:

B 对…的需求体现在A上：B (B是对A的具体解释)，属于因果逻辑。

我们在写作中，要多学会用具体的事例、细节来表达我们的观点，这样才更有说服力。

这句话值得我们学习的地方很多，单词虽然简单，但是短语却很地道。

1)对…的需求 need for…

2) 体现在… is reflected in…

3) 某人…的选择 one’s choice of sth

4)非常喜欢… overwhelmingly prefer to…

5 )从…获得新闻 get news from…

篇2：托福写作热点话题背景词汇介绍

短期旅行 n. excursion

观光 n. sightseeing

有导游的旅行 conducted tour/ guided tour

跟团游 package tour

自助游 self-conducted tour/ self-guided tour

异域风情的 adj. exotic

有益环保的旅游 n. ecotourism

背包族 n. backpacker

旅游景点 tourist attraction/ tourist spot

旅行社 travel agency

纪念品 n. souvenir

探索 vt. explore

古代留下来的东西 n. relics

城堡 n. castle

手工制品 n. handicrafts

文物 n. artifacts

珍惜 vt. cherish

收藏 n. collection

美术馆，画廊 n. gallery

开阔某人的眼界 expand one’s outlook/ vision

抽象画 abstract painting

具象画 representational painting

风景画 landscape painting

静物画 still life painting

人像画 n. portrait

油画 oil painting

壁画 n. mural/ fresco

雕刻 n. carving

萝卜青菜，各有所爱。 Different strokes for different folks.

业余的消遣 n. diversion/ pastime

休闲 n. recreation

释放压力 release stress

引领潮流的 adj. trend-setting

游乐场 amusement park

主题公园 theme park

消除担心 rid off the worries

从日常琐事中摆脱出来 get away from the daily grind

提振某人的精神 lift one’s spirits

精神消沉 one’s spirits sink

值得回忆的 adj. memorable

文化遗产 cultural heritage

民间传说 n. folktale

少数民族 ethnic minorities

外观 n. exterior

内部 n. interior

化妆品 n. cosmetics

业余爱好者，“票友儿” n. amateur

偏见 n. prejudice

虚构情节图书 n. fiction

以事实为基础的书 n. non-fiction

侦探小说 detective novel

传记 n. biography

励志书 motivational books

马赛克 n. mosaic

神话 n. mythology

乐器 musical instrument

音乐剧 n. musical

表演 n. performance

塑造某人的性格 mold one’s temperament

捕捉 vt. capture

让人放松 calm the nerves and restore the soul

芭蕾舞 n. ballet

电影n. flick

演员的(表演)或者演技 n. acting

看了开头就知道结尾的那种剧情 predictable storyline/ plot

大团圆结局 a happy ending

动画片 n. animation

特效 special effects

展览 n. exhibition

展览或者展品 n. exhibit

马戏团 n. circus

低强度锻炼 light exercise

中等强度锻炼 moderate exercise

高强度锻炼 vigorous/ strenuous exercise

越野摩托车运动 dirt biking

适度 n. moderation

健身 n. workout

有氧运动 aerobic exercises

血液循环 blood circulation

灵活性 n. flexibility

耐力 n. endurance

协调，(身体的)协调性 n. coordination

马拉松 n. marathon

田径 n. athletics

高雅的品味 exquisite tastes

古董;过时的 n.&adj. antique

超级好看的 adj. gorgeous

不好看的 adj. unsightly

巨丑的 adj. hideous

鉴赏家 n. connoisseur

爱慕虚荣的 adj. pretentious

攀比 keep up with the Joneses

涉及多种感官的 adj. multisensory

有吸引力的 adj. appealing/ attractive

极有吸引力的 adj. fascinating/ captivating

放纵自己于…… indulge in …

一个笑话最后的那句最逗的话 punch line

让人特兴奋的 adj. exhilarating

审美的 adj. aesthetic

艳俗的 adj. garish

(交响)乐团 n. orchestra

骑马 horseback riding

射箭 archery

铁人三项 triathlon

壁球 racquetball/ squash

室内自行车运动 n. spinning

美式曲棍球 n. lacrosse

托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：playing a game fun only when you win

篇3：托福写作热点话题背景词汇介绍

Should children be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

写作思路展开结构分析

“as soon as they are able to do so”有些过于绝对。所以不能同意让孩子太早参加家务活动更好写一些。尽管让孩子做家务有很多的好处，但让他们过早参与家务劳动，而不顾孩子的承受能力，可能会导致孩子的逆反心理(antagonistic psychology)，反倒达不到教育目的。要先让孩子明白做家务的好处，让他心甘情愿地去做才能达到教育的目的。

本话题高分范文赏析

Helping out with household tasks is the first job that most people usually partake. From an early age, children are encouraged to help around the house, doing little tasks that help out their parents and grandparents. I believe that this is an important feature of society, and should be continued. It is very important for children to learn how to be responsible for their environment. This is a skill that they will take with them throughout their lives, and it should be fostered at an early age. If people are able to keep a clean house or workplace, they will be able to achieve tasks much more easily. For example, if children learn early in life that everything has its place, then this lesson will not only teach them to keep things tidy, but also instruct them on how to stay organized. Another reason why this is important is because it promotes a strong work ethic in children at an early age. If a child is given responsibilities around the house, and it is made sure that the child completes these tasks, the child will learn how important it is to follow through on instructions. Many parents go so far as to punish their children for not doing chores, which I think will ultimately be beneficial for the children. It will help them in all of their later endeavors in life. Finally, encouraging children to do work around the house as soon as they are able to gives them an appreciation of what their parents do for them to keep them safe, clean and warm. Many young children have no idea how difficult it is to keep a house in good condition. It is important that children learn from an early age how much their parents do for them, and learn to respect their parents more based on this. Overall, I agree with putting children to work early in life around the house. Of course, there are limits on this. Children should not become the maids of the household. They should be given enough work to encourage a strong work ethic and an appreciation of their parents, but not so much that they have no time to do anything else.

托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：if you could invent something new

篇4：托福写作热点话题背景词汇介绍

Is playing a game fun only when you win?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing a game is fun only when you win. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

写作思路展开结构分析

不能同意，only是绝对修饰词。玩游戏的快乐不一定来自于输赢。有些游戏是有输赢的，而另外一些游戏是没有输赢的。过于在乎输赢，将导致游戏失去意义。参与到游戏当中就能获得乐趣，只追求胜负输赢反而会失去游戏的本质。

本话题高分范文赏析

Playing games is one of the most popular forms of entertainment in the world. Every country has a number of popular games that are played all the time. For example, in China, Mahjong and Chinese Chess are both very popular. I think playing game in itself is full of fun, winning a game is just a pleasure extra. It would be impossible to think that one could win a game all the time when they first start playing it. This is especially true for strategy games such as the above-mentioned. In many cases, playing against the top players of a game and losing is an honor, not a disappointment. The age-old adage says that practice makes perfect. This is as true in games as it is in any other endeavor. In order to win a game all of the time, you need to practice it over and over and learn the strategies of the game. Practice is necessary to win a game. If this was really an annoying process, no one would ever play games. However, it is the journey of the game, not the destination that is important. Going through the actual game is the fun part; if one wins a game, that is an added bonus. People truly enjoy the process of playing a game. If winning was the only thing that was important, we would all play “Rock-Paper-Scissors” all of the time. People enjoy the process of playing a game because of the social aspects. Playing a game, especially a long, enduring game like Mahjong is a bonding experience. Many of these games can last for days, being picked up and left off time and time again. Games are great for bonding with other people, which makes them excellent for improving one's social skills, in addition to having fun. In conclusion, I strongly believe that games can be fun even if I am not the winner. Games must be played a multitude of times if one hopes to get good at them, and this is a fun process to go through. Games bring us closer to our friends, as we have fun experiences with them. There are many excellent reasons to play a game besides winning.

托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：require children to help with household tasks

篇5：托福写作话题：健康

托福独立写作题目：Agree or disagree: it is easier for people to maintain good health today than it was in the past.

是否同意：相比过去，人们更容易保持身体健康。

Vicky老师的思路讲解：

一道老生常谈的今昔对比型考题。今昔对比题是每年必考题型，这道题更是在过往的几年于中国大陆和北美至少考过三次，重要性和经典程度不言而喻。

如果选择同意，即人们现在维持好的健康状况比过去更容易，可以这样展开构思：

1. 医疗技术的进步可以预防及治愈在过去或许会致命的(fatal)疾病。可以拿手术、HPV疫苗等举例。

2. 现代人饮食更全面均衡，这对健康有利。过去人能够吃到的食物种类较少，甚至在灾害发生的年份，只能吃到草根树皮等;而现代人能够接触到各种食材，包括蔬菜、瓜果，鸡蛋和谷物等，营养摄入更充分。

如果选择不同意，也就是人们在过去比现在更易维持健康，可以考虑现代社会存在哪些不利健康的因素，如空气污染，繁重的生活工作压力等。

托福作文范文 现在人更容易保持健康

托福独立写作题目： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays it is easier to maintain good health than in the past. Use specific examples to support your answer.

托福独立写作范文：

Currently, the average life expectancy of the Earth’s population is at an all-?‐time high. Many factors have contributed to this, but the main reason people live longer now than ever before is because it is easier to live a healthier life than in the past.

The main reason people live longer now is that the overall diet of modern society has improved. This can be attributed to advances in agricultural production. Thanks to more efficient and cost-?‐ effective machinery and transportation, food is more abundant and cheaper now more than ever. Fruits, for example, are more readily available than before. In the past, summer fruits such as strawberries and oranges were not available during the wintertime. Now, because of refrigeration and greenhouse technology, we can buy any kind of fruit, regardless of the season. This allows people to have a wider variety of vitamins in their diet, increasing their overall health.

In addition to the advancement of agricultural science, there have been great advances in nutritional science. Scientists and dietitians understand more now than they did in the past about what is required in our daily diets. Issues like vitamin deficiency were not properly understood in the past, so people would have several complications without understanding the cause or the cure. People also better understand what foods to avoid. For example in the past, gout was a serious problem among men, who did not understand that a diet of rich and oily foods with few vegetables was the cause of this health defect. Now, proper nutrition is common knowledge and each year advances are made in understanding health. We know more know, so it’s easier for us to maintain our health.

Finally, it is easier to maintain our health now in the past, because modern governments have established better systems of health and sanitation. In the past, aspects of the health system, like medical education and research, were not well organized. In the past doctors received their degrees from institutions that all had varying requirements. Now there is a more established system of medical education, including international standards and guidelines. Governments play a large part in implementing these standards. Other systems of health regulation that governments have established is sanitation. Before people understand the importance of proper waste disposal, cities were susceptible to devastating plagues. In modern times, through proper sewage systems, waste disposal, and other health quarantine measures governments have been able to effectively contain diseases and help save the lives of many people. These systems have made it easier to keep the general popular safe and healthy.

With the advancement and development of food production, nutritional science, and government systems of health and sanitation has made it more possible than ever for people to lead long and healthy lives. (460 words)

托福写作备考之典型句式介绍

1.This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

2.Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information I've collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

3.Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

4.In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

5.Using bicycle contributes greatly to people's physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

6.Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。

7.Bicycle can't be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

8.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

9.There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

10.This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

11.It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能K自己。

12.A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a person's education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

13.As for me, I'm in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons：

就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：

14.It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

15.Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

16.It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

17.Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

18.An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

19.For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

20.For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。

21.There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students' doing a part-time job.

对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。

22.By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

23.Although people's lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.

近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

24.Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

25.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。

26.These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

27.It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.

人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。

28.At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.

同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

29.No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

30.In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.

第二方面，失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

篇6：托福综合写作介绍必看

托福综合写作介绍必看

托福综合写作要求考生能够将课堂、讲座内容与阅读教材和其他材料相结合来写作。在综合写作题型中，考生必须：对听到和看到的材料做笔记，在写作前利用笔记组织信息;准确地从原文材料中总结、释义和引用信息;写出听到的信息与读到的信息之间是如何联系的。

综合写作的话题会涉及到一下几方面：生物、生态，考古、历史，天文，艺术，教育，商业、经济，科技以及地质等等。准备综合写作，考生需通过大量阅读积累相关话题范畴的通识性背景知识。

同学们请注意，在综合写作部分，听力文中的内容是写作的绝对重点，但是阅读也绝对不能忽视。很多情况下，由于没有好好看阅读材料，导致听力有很多地方没听出来，或者逻辑没听懂。这些可以通过仔细阅读而有所改善的。

同学们在训练听力能力的同时，也要注意概括总结能力的培养。否则，你虽然听懂和记录了听力的内容，却无法准确地把听到的内容概括出来，也并不能在综合写作任务中取得好分数。

托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析：为何参加危险运动?

托福写作难点话题一览

The attractions of dangerous activities

Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

写作思路展开结构分析

这道题目可能不太好展开，危险运动的定义可能很多同学都不是特别清楚，大家不妨按照极限运动来进行联想，就是那种对人身安全可能有危险性，非常规性质的运动项目，比如跳伞蹦极之类的运动。而这类运动能够吸引人参加，原因多半是体验刺激、金钱利益之类的因素，大家可以从这些点着手论述。

本话题高分范文赏析

People engage themselves in dangerous activities for various reasons, which probably includes money, pleasure, and perhaps ironically, nescience. Perhaps the most direct drive might come from money, which is needed for everyone, any time and everywhere. People have enough wit to balance their certain choices, especially when they fa danger and money. Those stunt men or women in Hollywood movies, photographers who shoot sharks or crocodiles, or those who participate in stock car racing, are always sophisticated enough calculate whether the outcome overweigh the risk. If they are willing to take the risk, they must have evaluated well. They know exactly the rule: the more risks they take, the more they might get. There also is another kind of people in this world. Money is of almost no importance to them They perform dangerous activities just for their own pleasure. Perhaps the most appropriate example involves sports. Actually every kind of sports is dangerous, and even can be deadly. Danger always exists, but people tend to simply ignore it. Take parachuting for example, who can refuse the fascination of flying in the sky like a bird? On the other hand, it seems that danger itself makes the activity so fascinating as too hard to refuse. To conquer is the very nature of human being from the very beginning. Pheidippides said seconds before dropping dead two thousand years ago, “Rejoice,] we conquer!” And it seems perfectly logical for some people that celebration follows conquer. Ironically, sometimes blind brave comes out of nescience. Sometimes people simply don't know the activity is hazardous or how perilous it exactly is. It can be exemplified by a recent incident. Five students (three of them have a master's degree) lost their lives in a mountaineering expedition. Those students reportedly didn't, and it seems highly probable, make an adequate preparation before expedition, which made the tragedy ineluctable. People always praise alpinists with words such as strong, brave, courageous, but in this case none of these words is appropriate Those young students traded their springtime with blind brave, and died in vain.

三大托福写作技巧集锦

第一种新托福写作技巧是用一个单词代替一组意义相同的单词，比如：

①用forget(忘记)代替do not remember(没有记住)

②用ignore(忽视)代替do not pay attention to(不注意)

③用now(现在)代替 at this point in time(此时此刻)

④用because(由于)代替due to the fact that(鉴于下列事实)

第二种新托福写作技巧是省略同义词或近义词。

比如在下面例句中，形容词important(重要的)和significant(有重要意义的)，就是两个同义词(也可以说是近义词)，我们可以省略important，只保留significant。

①The government project is important and significant.(这项政府计划是重要的，有重要意义。)

②The government project is significant.(这项政府计划有重要意义。)

第三种新托福写作技巧是在不改变句子含义的前提下，省略所有可以省略的单词。

比如在下面例句中，the cover of the book (书的封面)可以省略成the book cover，is red incolor(是红色的)可以省略成is red。

①The cover of the book is red in color.(书的封面是红色的)

②The book cover is red.(书的封面是红色的)

最后我们把这三种技巧结合起来，将一个冗长、绕嘴的句子，改写成一个简短、易懂的句子。

①University malls must be accessible and free from congestion in order that students, faculty andemployees may have unobstructed passage through those areas of the campus.(校内道路必须是便于通行的，不拥堵的，以便让学生、教师和职员能够无阻碍地通过，到达校园的各处。)

②University malls must be free enough from congestion to allow people to walk through easily.(校内道路不应当拥堵，以便人们顺利通行。)

篇7：托福写作考试题型介绍

托福写作考试题型介绍

新托福考试的写作部分两大题

包括两道试题，分别是综合写作试题部分和独立写作试题部分，两个部分需在大约50分钟的时间内完成。

综合写作试题部分：考生需要首先阅读一篇学术文章，阅读的时间是3分钟左右。然后文章隐去，这时考生需要听一段大约为1分半钟的演讲。但是考生在写作文时可以看到在放听力材料时隐去的阅读材料。考生在阅读和听录音的过程中可以做笔记来帮助答题。考生有20分钟的时间来总结听力材料中的要点，并解释这些要点与阅读材料中的要点有何关系。作文内容是根据考试所提出的问题而定的，不能由考生自由发挥。，需要考生根据自己的知识和经验陈述、解释并支持对待某一问题的某个看法。通常有效的回答应是一篇300个单词左右的作文。

独立写作试题部分：考生需30分钟的时间完成这一部分写作，与现行机考托福的写作考试或笔试托福写作考试(TWE)类似，需要考生根据自己的知识和经验陈述、解释并支持对某一问题的看法。通常有效的回答应是一篇超过300个单词的作文。考生可以自由选择材料、形式和观点等，不受题目的严格限制。本试题属于主观性题目。

托福备考之综合写作高分攻略

首先，大家要了解考试的要求。托福考试的写作部分分为综合(Integrated writing)和独立(Independentwriting)两块，这两块分别独立评分，取平均值后得到最终的分数。也就是说，这两个部分各占一半权重，因此应给予相同程度的重视。有些同学在准备输出端考试(写作或者口语)的时候，居然连评分细则都不看，仅凭自己的主观臆测和对于老师讲解的依稀记忆去打造自己的文章，考不好真的不奇怪。下面，我们就来分析一下托福考试的评分细则。

托福综合写作的满分要求是：

A response at this level successfully selects the important informationfrom the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information inrelation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response iswell organized and occasional language errors that are present do not result ininaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.

大家会发现，这里面的关键词是information和organization，也就是信息量和逻辑，至于语言，并没有提出太多的要求，用词和造句“秋裤”一些没有关系。因此，只要听力和阅读的笔记记得较全，并且能够把听力中的观点和细节表达清楚就可以。需要注意的是，这部分对词数和时间都是有要求的，官方的规定是150-225词，我的建议是180-260词，时限是20分钟。关于summary的结构，一定是四段--introduction+3对detail，不需要conclusion。总体来说，这部分得高分的一定是把听力写得很清楚的同学，事实上听力才是考察的重点，阅读是用来帮助对听力进行理解的，同学们在写听力内容的时候切不可有“这个也要写啊，没必要吧”的想法。另外，阅读的内容在写summary的时候决不可照抄。

了解了综合写作的评分细则，我们可以列出同学们需要锻炼的能力列表：

1、阅读能力

2、听力和速记能力

3、一定的改写能力

下面我们来看看应该如何复习综合写作。首先，大家要对自己的阅读和听力能力有一个认识。对自己的能力有大概认识之后，同学们一定要注意复习方法。很多同学认为自己阅读差就是因为不认识单词，所以拼命背单词;有些同学觉得自己听力差，就花大量时间练习听写。这些方法本身都对能力提高很有好处，但是大家一定要记住，实战才是锻炼能力的最好方式，所以还是希望大家多做全套的综合写作习题。这里推荐一个复习的方法，分成4个步骤：1、首先“裸做”题目，即三分钟阅读，听一遍lecture，然后20分钟写summary。写得不好没关系，接下来需要找出阅读和听力中的硬伤，所谓硬伤就是不认识的单词、不理解的词组、没看懂的句型和也认识也理解也能看懂但是听不出来的单词、词组和句型，统统摘抄到笔记本上;2、将阅读材料中的“硬伤”仔细记忆，再细细地读passage，完全读懂为止，如果没有读懂可以参看书后的翻译，接着练习记笔记，这里主要是练习笔头速度和缩写表达能力，尽量积累出定型的缩写表达以在考场上争取时间;3、将听力中的“硬伤”仔细记忆，再精听lecture，如果听不清可参看听力原文，然后练习记笔记，可多遍练习，放一遍记一遍，尽量详细而不复杂(信息量要大但是单词不要全拼符号不要复杂);4、再次仿真练习，读passage，听lecture，再写summary，然后对书后面的sampleanswer，一定做到不要遗漏听力中的信息。

托福独立写作的常见问题与应对技巧

托福独立写作题目相对而言比较多，经典文库中共计185个，但是每年ETS也会研发出新题，即使是在老题的基础做些许的改动，母题的数量也使得“将所有题目写一遍”这一任务变成mission impossible，而且即使做到了，也是一件投资回报率极低的行为，就算考试的时候出现了原题，估计也不可能回忆所有之前写的细节内容。所以针对独立写作部分的备考我们要更多的总结规律，通过总结来节省备考时间。TOEFL独立写作常见FAQ整理如下：

三选一题型如何处理

很多同学不知道三选一的文章结构应该如何处理。这里其实三选一并不复杂，只需要熟记两个注意点就可以轻松应付：一是三者都要提及;二是并没有唯一的正确结构，结构应该根据题目灵活的选择。我们来看一道例题。

Essay Topic

Which one isthe most important for teacher of high school?

1. The ability to help students plan for their future;

2. The ability to find the students who need help most and help them;

3. Teach students how to learn outside the classroom.

就这道题来讲，题型基本结构的选择有两种：三项能力都重要，但是第一项最重要;或者，第一项是重要的，而第二项和第三项是不重要的。其他的文章结构都是这两种的变体。我们拿第二种结构举例：

总论点：规划未来能力最重要(vs. 发现需要帮助的同学 &教会自学)

主体段1：学生最需要规划，而只有老师有能力提供

主体段2：发现需要帮助的能力不重要，因为学生自己会来找

主体段3：课外自学不重要，高中生没有课外时间

The ability to help student with planning their future is definitely the most important capability for high school teachers.

To begin with, high school students are in desperate need for guidance about their future, and teachers are the only competent candidate to provide it. I know this from my personal experience. When I was in high school, a great portion of my classmates’ only goal is to reach for the minimum requirement for graduation, and to be able to get an offer from a middle-ranged college in the US, as all 15-year-old boys are profoundly addicted to either computer games or love affairs. Because of our immature mind, we had no idea regarding the choice of universities, or the selection of a future career path. What made matters worse is that our high school teachers provided us with virtually zero guidance concerning our college applications, not because they lack of the intention, but simply because they know nothing about it. Consequently, the vast majority of our parents had to hire an outside agency that specializes in the college application process which costs tons of money. Later we realized that this is an utter mistake, for what they did was simply giving us the timeline of the application process, translating our personal statements and recommendation letters from Chinese into English, and finally mailing out all our materials to the US. All of these simple tasks could be performed by ourselves, and these misfortunes surely could have been avoided if we had the luck to meet more competent teachers, with the ability to warn students and their parents about the black-hearted agencies and lay out lucid plans for students’ future.

The capability to find the students who need assistance most and help them, on the other hand, is not that imperative. The reason for this is quite simple, since high school students would come to teachers voluntarily if they are in serious trouble. In other words, many times students don’t want to be bothered by a teacher who treats them like a baby-sitter. As for the “help” part, I firmly hold the faith that all teachers are already equipped with the willingness to solve student’s problem gladly, using their prehistoric powers, no matter how difficult the situation can be. So the willingness to help students should be the minimum standard to be qualified as a teacher.

Similarly, the skill to teach students how to learn outside the classroom is completely unnecessary. For one, most high school students have no time outside their classrooms at all, as all their spare time is already occupied by cram school or by extracurricular activities. Even in the rare circumstance that some students may have free time, parents could always play the part of their instructor on how to self-study.

本篇文章在结构的处理上，做到了清晰、简单。第一个主体段在证明第一项能力是非常必要的。第二、三主体段在分别证明第二、三项能力是不重要的。整个段落结构很明确。这样会更容易获得高分。大家要注意避免结构过于复杂和混乱。

如何丰富整篇文章的结构?

先说答案：另外一个大家经常会有疑惑的问题就是：我的三个主体段全部都是讲故事，好像手法太单一了，会不会被扣分?如何丰富?答案是：有可能;以及，偶尔的使用纯解释型段落。众所周知，TOEFL写作中展开手法有两种，exemplification和explanation。例证显然是二者中更简单的一个。因此，大部分同学都更倾向于使用例证。因为它更容易快速上手，并且大家可以通过举例来展开具体化的细节，从而获得高分。但注意，如果三个主体段全部是讲故事展开，未免会有语言太差的嫌疑。因此，除了例证，我们文章中最好可以稍微涉及到一些说理部分。

举例和说理分别的优势?

大家现在可以重新观察一下范文三个主体段的展开手法。三个主体段一共444字。其中第一段259字，第二段116字，第三段69字。第一段的展开手法为例证(讲故事)，第二、三段均为解释。大家明显感受到例证的优势即为能够更轻松的展开出有效并具体化的细节，或俗称“好凑字”。解释的好处为语言简练，表达效率高，文章的递进性、节奏会更紧凑。

举例和说理分别的劣势?

例证在TOEFL写作中并无太明显的劣势。解释的劣势就比较明显了。同样的一个分论点，有的同学用例证可以很轻松写到200字，而解释只能说到100字。有的同学可能有个刻板印象：讲故事的语言通常比较简单，句式单一，因此不容易得高分。注意，讲故事语言和句式也是可以复杂的;或者大家可以选择简单但地道的表达，可同样可以获得满分。

答题战略、以及举例和说理的优劣小结

因此我们以后考场上的答题战略很简单。第一段为例证段落。目的为使劲凑字，尽量直接写满200字。第二、三段可以选择简短的小故事或者解释性段落，分别写到60～100字左右。这样主体段已经达到至少320字，再加上开头结尾段，可以轻松满足350字的字数要求。

如何练好说理?

说理对语言和句式的要求要明显高于例证。因此一定要有扎实的基本功的支持才能够写出漂亮的说理段落。关于句式的练法，可以参考强化班上的句型基本构成以及句型转化练习。

如何练好例证?

例证的套路大家都很熟悉。很多同学的问题出在没思路上。比如，一道题目问说：我们的闲钱应该拿去旅游好，还是存到银行好?有同学说，存起来更好，因为可以未雨绸缪。这是一个很好的分论点，那么如何以例证的方式来展开呢?有同学说可以使用反证法：我有一个朋友Foosen，他就不存钱，后来他就死的很惨。用此例来强调存钱的必要性。大部分同学都能够想到这一步，问题会处在如何用故事来展开死的很惨，以及什么事情导致Foosen死的很惨。我们来看一篇来自万炜老师的范文：

To begin with, as a young man living in a big city, I need to start saving up from now on, because there are a lot of things in the future costing tons of money. Take my good friend Foosen for example. He is an optimistic guy who prefers to seize the day. He can spend all his salary within just two days either on luxuries or on trips. Before he was even 22, he already went around the whole Africa. Unfortunately, not everything goes according to plan. Last year during his trip to South Africa, he accidentally broke his leg and had to go through surgery. However, since he could not cover the expense, he had to call everybody to borrow money. It took so long for him to collect the money that the surgery was delayed. As a result, the recovery period for him was 2 months longer than everyone else’s. Now, this example might be a particular instance, and it is out of his expectation. Nonetheless, in today’ssociety, even the potential spending within our expectation is already quite worrying. For instance, in Beijing, if I wish to purchase a 30-squaremeter apartment, it would cost me over 3 million yuan; if I want to invite, say, 20 friends to my wedding, I would have to pay over 200,000 yuan; not to mention if I have a child and want to support his education, it would cost at least 50,000 yuan per year just for him to go to kindergarten. It aches mejust to look at these horrifying numbers. If I don’t save up for my future, there would be no future. (275 words)

故事描述了主人公Foosen，由于是乐天派并且坚持活在当下，进而展开月光、全世界各地旅游;到之后有一次意外摔断腿，需要做手术，但没有存钱，从而导致恢复期比普通人长了两个月。大部分的同学就是这些故事的“细节”想不到，或者没思路。如何解决?很简单，就是多看。因为讲故事并没有一个明显的模式或公式可以使用。According to a Personalized Education: Schooling for Tomorrow published by OECD in , “Brains have the ability to generate rulesfrom examples. All that is needed, therefore, are the right examples – lotsand lots of them.”其实就是我们中学老师总的说的那句话，“量的积累产生质的飞跃。”大家想练好例证，只需要找到优秀的讲故事型范文，仿写10篇左右，自然会掌握规律。关于仿写的方法，大家可以关注我的公众号”Foosen资料库”进一步了解。

托福备考之独立写作题目练习

同不同意：Some people think that 最重要的品质 in choosing the leader of a school organization or club is 诚实.

Leaders of all kinds should have lots of qualities in order to thrive together with the team. Persistence, passion, confidence and personal charisma, to name a few. When it comes to question of whether honesty is the most important qualities of all for a leader in a student organization, I, personally, would say honesty is definitely not the most important even though it is a contributing factor for a qualified leader and there are other qualities that are more urgent than being honest.

First off, being a good listener and able to communicate well with fellow members can be more important than being honest. Only when a leader sits down and listens patiently to problems and concerns of his or her members, can he or she become an effective leader in a student organization. Also, being an effective communicator can also be equally important since it is essential to convey emotions and ideas clearly to others, and when the leader get his or her ideas across to the fellow members, it enjoys a better chance to be implemented. A leader with exceptional communication skills is very confidence and personable when they are interacting with others. Since they can grab the listeners' attention, it is very easy for them to build rapport with strangers and thus they enjoy better chance to broaden their social networks.

Additionally, it is more essential for leaders of student organizations to be compassionate about the community and set exemplars for their fellow members than just being honest. Actually, lots responsibilities of student leaders involve various volunteer programs and philanthropic activities, if leaders of students body are not committed to getting involved in charitable activities, there will be a lack of energy level and passion among his or her fellow members. To be more specific, students organizations involved in lots of volunteer activities, like collecting food, managing the inventory and distributing food to those in need. They also volunteer in homeless shelters to prepare food or even work behind the scene in the business office. If leaders are motivated to take the initiative and contribute their time and other resources to the community in the first place, chances are that his or her members would follow suit.

In all, students leaders should have more important qualities other than being honest like excellent communication skills, compassion about their community and dedication to their endeavors.

篇8：托福独立写作常识介绍

在审题和布局之后，就是论述观点的阶段。对于这部分而言，一般是用例证法论述。其中使用频率最高的是分类例证法和人物例证法。分类例证法主要是根据托福写作常考的题材进行论证，这样更有针对性;而人物例证法，可以在写作时选择体育界、商界等领域的名人作为文章的例子，很具有说服力。人物举例的另一个优势是可使用的句子结构丰富，可以广泛使用虚拟语气、排比句，这里笔者以虚拟语气为例进行说明。

托福写作中必须跨越的文化障碍

托福写作过程实际上是一种跨文化交际过程，文化差异必定成为学生写作中获取高分的障碍。托福写作不是要求学生堆砌各类高难词汇或者绞尽脑汁编造长难句的过程，而是要求学生用英文准确描述自己中文思维的过程，达意是托福写作的最高境界。因此，学生必须熟悉中英文在表达方式上的差异，才能做到在考场上的精准转述，进而获得高分。本文以中英文表达法的差异为切入点，进行托福写作中跨文化交际的探讨。

在托福写作教学中，常常会发现：学生的英语似乎被汉语同化，句子中充满了中国式的英语(Chinglish)。其中原因恐怕涉及很多方面，但主要原因在于学生对两种语言的句子表达方式差异不了解。因此在英语写作教学中，应坚持英汉比较原则，让学生理性认识两种语言的异同。正如吕淑湘所说：“对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他们认识英语和汉语的差别，在每一个具体问题-词形、词义、语法范畴、句子结构上，都尽可能用汉语的情况来根英语作比较，让他们通过比较得到更深刻的领会。”

一、英语重形合，汉语重意合

所谓行合指英语句子中各分句之间的联系大多是通过词汇纽带直接体现出来的，并且英语中单个词的变化会体现意义的变化。所谓意合指汉语句子主要通过字词的意义连接起来。

1.英语中的名词单复数变化

一本书 a book

两本书 two books

在汉语中，名词的单复数全靠意合，也就是，”书“这个字不会变化，变的是”书“前面的修饰词;而在英语中名词的复数一定是体现在”book“这一个词上的，一定要把“book”改成“books”。在托福写作中，英语的单复数形式是学生最最容易忽略的一点，也是最容易扣分的一点，那在写作的时候默念名词单复数100遍，保证不犯这种错误。

2.英语中动词的时态变化

我昨天在香港大学做了演讲。

I made a speech in the University of Hong Kong yesterday.

她正在香港大学做演讲。

She is making a speech in the University of Hong Kong.

在汉语中，一件事情发生的时间是“昨天”、“现在”还是“未来”，只要加上“昨天”、“今天”、“明天”这几个词就好了。但是在英文中不行，一定要在“动词”上进行体现。由于这点中西文化差异，时态也是很多学生选择性忽略的一点跨文化常识，明明写的是过去发生的事情，偏偏用现在时态。考试时留几分钟检查语法错误，为自己多争取几分。

3.句子表达

英语句子主干结构突出，即主谓宾结构明显，其他定语、状语、补语成分好似主干上的枝叶，借助各种关联词进行搭建，把句子的子句有机结合起来。而汉语句子没有主谓框架限制。

例如：1)留得青山在，不怕没柴烧

As long as the green mountains are there, one should not worry about firewood.

2)冬天来了，春天还会远吗?

If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

在例句1)的汉语表达中，并没有“只要”这个词，但是在英文中需要写出“as long as”这个短语，也要加上泛指的主语”one“，因为英文句子一定要有基本的”主谓“结构。例句2)中的英文表达中加入了汉语中没有”if“ 这个词，来体现英文的”主谓“结构以及从句结构。

托福备考之写作要注意用词

compare与contrast的误用

我们先从两者的定义入手来看两者的区别。 Compare的定义为：to examine people or things to see how theyare similar or different. Contrast的定义为：to comparetwo or more things to show the difference betweenthem.由定义不难看出前者侧重于找到两个或多个事物的异同，而后者则侧重于它们的不同。

看个例句：

It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast theirsituations to ours.

前一句翻译为：对比一下我们的情况与他们的情况会很有趣。

后一句的翻译为：我们的情况与他们的情况有很大的不同，这很有趣。

再看一个引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子：

There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.

The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.

When you look at their new system， ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.

不难发现，Compare翻译为“与。。。相比”而contrast可译为“明显不同的是。。。”，切记这种翻译方式就不会用错彼此了。

其中最容易有问题的便是介词的使用了，下面来看看几种情况：

1、普通介词的误用

一般表现为固定搭配错误，如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成besatisfied for等等，虽然这样的错误看似无伤大雅，但在考官眼里就是影响顺畅阅读的，根据托福学写作评分标准当然会影响最终成绩。解决的办法简单而古老：把常见的固定搭配牢记于心，问题自然就解决了。

2、“to”作为介词的误用

“to”最常见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式出现的，所以同学们也已经习惯了“to do”的固定搭配。对于一些如walk to me， to the left等介词to表方向等常见用法一般也不会出现错误。但是对于与动词搭配的介词to就会经常犯错：

如：

More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.

这里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’为介词，所以后面只能接名词或相当于名词的词，如动名词。所以黑体处应改为“depending on”。“take to”的另一个常用用法也需要牢记：

He hasn’t taken to his new school. (这里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)

Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介词，会有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sthelse，“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符号。

类似的常用用法请同学们牢记：

Be used to doing

Be accustomed to doing

See to doing

Adapt to doing

Adjust to doing

prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

等等，托福写作请注意平时仔细积累。

assume及claim使用不够准确

我们知道， think， assume， claim是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中，同学们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的，完全可以代换，所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把consider也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同：

Think： to have opinion or belief about sth.

翻译为“认为”，通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。

Assume： to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.

翻译为“假设、假定”，是否有事实依据是不确定的。

Claim： to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believeit.

翻译为“声称”，用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点，所以很少用作‘I claim that…

Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer， but in fact， …。

所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻译为“有报道称。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的区别在于后者翻译为“据报道”，往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容，

Consider： to think about sth carefully， especially in order to make a decision

翻译为“考虑”，一般不用作引出观点，看个例子：

We are considering buying a new car.

所以，千万不要在托福写作的第一段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章的低分印象。

表“建议”的词汇后面忘记用虚拟从句

这是摘自学生托福作文中的一个病句：

I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.

因为‘suggest’翻译为“建议”，所以后面的从句应该用虚拟语气，黑体部分应该改为“(should) continue”

所以考生一定要牢记以下常见表“建议”的托福写作词汇，而且要记住这些词接从句时要用虚拟语气：

Recommend， suggest， advise

such as与for example的混用

我们知道，在表示举例子的时候，such as与like是完全等同的，如：Wild flowers such as/likeorchids and primroses are becoming rare.

但是同学们对于Such as、for example的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道，后者接句子前者接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法：

There is a similar word in many languages， such as in French and Italian.

这里的such as改为for example为好，因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word inFrench and Italian”的简化，所以要用for example来引出例证。再来看个类似的例子：

It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.

托福写作范文：经济危机时政府减少支出

篇9：托福独立写作常识介绍

In times of an economic crisis, in which area should governments reduce its spending? 1. Arts 2. Scientific research 3. Parks and public gardens.

托福写作模板及参考答案：

托福写作范文参考:

During an economic crisis, governments face difficult choices of monetary allocation with reduced budgets. In this challenging time, it is of vital importance for policy-makers to recognize the effectiveness of policy-making on certain social services or programs such as arts, scientific research and park and public gardens. If a choice has to be made, in my opinion, the government should reduce its spending on arts.

To begin with, in times of an economic crisis, it is significant for policy-makers to recognize the necessity of investing in scientific research because it exerts a far-reaching effect. If the financial crisis leads to substantial cuts in funding for scientific research by governments, it will be difficult to muster investment for a public good, like clean air, or for extremely risky initiatives, such as novel approaches to new antibiotic drugs, or in areas where the outcome is uncertain. As a matter of fact, technological innovation, biomedical breakthroughs, and tackling pressing environmental issues all require sustained scientific development, from basic discovery to final application. Investing in research is investing in the future, and it requires a long-term commitment to the accumulation of knowledge, the testing of basic principles, and the translation of these discoveries into practical applications that impact everyday life. Consequently, governments ought to attach more importance to the scientific studies so as to develop world class research base and conduct crucial scientific projects.

Furthermore, funding for parks and public gardens provides an opportunity for people to engage in physical activities, which is considerably beneficial to health. Nowadays, due to the sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating diet, overweight and obesity are epidemic problems across the world, and related conditions are on the rise. A primary focus of attention is providing environment where people can be physically active. Parks offer such an opportunity. In addition, health studies have shown that people who do regular exercise get a range of benefits when they are in natural settings, like parks and public gardens. These benefits include reduced risk of premature death; reduced risk of heart disease, hypertension, cancer; improved maintenance of muscle strength; weight loss and favorable redistribution of body fat; improved physical functioning. Therefore, when governments allocate fiscal spending on parks such as well-designed and well-maintained paths as well as attractive scenery, people can substantially improve their health and quality of life by doing moderate amounts of physical activity in their daily lives.

Undeniably, if governments pay more attention to investment in art, people can enrich inner world as a diverse and productive cultural environment can provide the spirit and important intangible values. However, in times of crisis, people usually lay emphasis on basic needs instead of spiritual needs. As a result, the importance of material comforts outweighs that of nourishment for the mind and it does not mean that people’s quality of life will be dramatically affected if governments cut budget on art and provide less financial support on art institutions. In a sense, it will not directly influence people’s life at least in a short term because people rarely need to satisfy their aesthetic needs everyday. Therefore, compared with scientific research and park and public gardens, art is least associated with people’s daily life and it needs less concern.

From what has been discussed above, scientific studies serve the common interest of the entire human race and doing exercise in parks and public gardens constitutes an indispensable part of daily life. It is more applicable and reasonable to cut down spending on art in the times of an economic crisis.

篇10：托福独立写作常识介绍

官方对于托福独立写作的说法是：“An effective response is typically about 300 words long……“，因此对于托福独立写作的要求只是一个模糊的概念，大约在300字左右。不过，在字数范围之上，官方对于有效、充分地表达自己的写作观点才是重中之重。因此，编辑在这里和大家再次申述一遍，托福独立写作的关键是要对考题展开充分论述，从而有利地支持文章观点，充足的字数是必须的，但是300字并不是严格的要求范围。

托福独立写作审题和布局

托福写作的第一步就是审题和文章布局。审题的精确程度直接影响到托福写作文章话题的出准确度以及文章内容的整体发展。而对于托福独立写作题目的分析可知，托福独立写作题目大部分都是支持/反对的类型，剩下的一小部分是对比论述型。审题之后，就是要对文章进行布局搭建，一般来说，五段式的三个主体段，若都是同意或者都是反对的理由的话，一般这些分论点有两种逻辑顺序。第一种按照“重要性”来排，将你认为最主要的理由放在第一个主体段中详细论证;第二种是按照“小到大”的原则，即个人方面的理由先写，然后再是家庭，公司，最后再是社会，国家。

篇11：【托福写作】托福综合写作详细介绍

托福综合写作考试形式流程简介

综合写作是托福写作部分首先出现的考察部分，考试开始时你会首先在屏幕上见到一篇230-300词的文章，你有三分钟的时间进行阅读并根据个人需要记录要点;三分钟阅读时间结束之后文章消失，进入听力部分， 听力材料的内容往往和你刚刚阅读的文章话题相关，听力中教授会对阅读文章的内容阐述自己的不同观点并细致说明;听力结束后阅读文章重新出现在屏幕左侧，屏幕右侧为你的答题区域，你有20分钟的时候对刚刚读到和听到的内容进行归纳整合，形成一篇约150-225词的文章。

托福综合写作考察目的解读

想要顺利备考综合写作，考生当然需要对ETS设置这个题型的考察目的有所了解才行，只有知道考试的目的才能更好的理清备考思路。众所周知，托福考试无论听说读写哪个部分都是围绕于北美校园场景来设置题目的，因此综合写作乃至整个托福考试的目的其实是考察学生是否具备在美国大学正常学习生活的英语能力。也因此我们不难发现托福阅读的文章难度和风格都接近大学学科，托福听力和托福口语的考察都涉及校园生活日常和课堂教学讲座，而针对英文写作能力的考察，托福综合写作的本质其实就是小论文写作。如何从阅读和听力中提炼出有效信息，并且能够在信息间找到对应，并最终将这些细节对应整合成一篇完整的文章表达出来，是美国大学非常看重的能力，也是我们必须具备的能力。

托福综合写作评分标准分析

那么，托福综合写作的评分标准又是怎样的呢?托福综合写作的考察标准与托福独立写作类似，主要从语言发展、组织、使用这三个方面去综合考察学生的英文书面表达能力。

1. Accurate Development

How well you select important information from the lecture.

How well you present it in relation to relevant information from the reading.

2. Organization

Write in paragraphs

Use transitions

Avoid redundancy

3. Language use

Sentence structure

Word choice

Vocabulary

Use of grammar

托福综合写作写法策略分享

既然托福综合写作的考试流程分为3个环节，那么每个环节中考生需要做好什么事情大家就需要做到心中有数。在阅读部分看文章过程中，大家需要做好阅读笔记，虽然阅读文章之后还能再看到，但既然专门给了你时间阅读，小编还是建议大家能够充分利用起来。做笔记不仅是为了记录阅读过程中的要点信息，也是为了替之后的听力部分提前做好准备。

在具体记录信息的过程中，我们需要合理规划自己的笔记分区，小编建议大家把草稿纸对折两半，左边记录阅读部分右边记录听力部分，具体观点和论据也可以得到对应。阅读部分要注意记录主要观点，听力一般都是反驳阅读中观点的，要注意找到具体反驳的“点”细节对应。这样左右一对照，一篇综合写作的框架就清清楚楚了，之后大家要做的就是根据这些明确的信息来做转述，写作难度会降低许多。

在写作环节中，考生需要了解一点，那就是不同于独立写作要求考生有自己独立观点表达，综合写作不可以有考生自己的观点意见表达，也不能只是罗列阅读和听力的内容。大家需要重点写清楚的是阅读和听力中内容的联系。比如阅读里提出哪个观点用了什么论据，听力中是如何反驳这个观点用了什么例子等等。两个部分之间的对应关系都写清楚，综合写作的得分就不会低。

另外，托福综合写作的话题内容往往具有重复性，考过的内容极有可能以其他形式出现，因此备考过程中在进行综合写作练习的同时，大家需要多加留心综合写作中的各类主题，多熟悉相关话题领域。特别是刷TPO时，考生如果能多花点心思把综合写作的阅读听力原文都仔细看完了解一下其背景知识拓展基础常识，对于之后的实战相信会有不小帮助。

篇12：托福写作：结构性词汇介绍

托福写作：结构性词汇介绍

相比于中国(或者说东方)风格的婉转隐晦，美国人则更坚持简洁明了。那么从行文习惯上，这个特点有一个很常见的体现，那就是结构性词汇的使用。这里所说的结构性词汇是我自己起的名字，可能不同的人有不同的说法。这些词汇在文章当中的作用就是表明和构建框架，告诉读者每一部分的内容分别是什么。它们与逻辑关联词的最终目的相似，都是为了使文章看起来调理更加清晰、结构更加合理。

对于综合写作来说，各位老师通常为同学们提供的模板当中很多都是结构性词汇，最典型的就是序数词和类似序数词作用的一些表达。简单的有first，second，third，高级一些的有first of all，moreover，in addition等等。这些是用来分隔和标明综合写作的三段主体段，方便读者(即阅卷人)理解和寻找要点。另外很重要的一种结构性词汇就是“阅读文章提到”“听力部分认为”等等这类说明观点持有者身份的部分。有了这些我们才能明确下面我们所体现的内容到底是哪一份材料的观点，从而避免歧义。

对于独立写作，结构性词汇也有非常重要的作用。与综合写作相同的就是我们需要用到分隔并标明分论点的序数词。这些序数词或者类似功能的词汇出现，读者就能意识到后面一般会紧跟着一个主体段的分论点。除此之外，为了体现清晰的结构脉络，主体段内其他几个关键环节(比如“说理”和“论据”)也需要结构性词汇的引入。比如说理，即把主旨句当中的理由再表达得更清晰明确一些，所以引入说理环节的结构性词汇就可以是：

1. That is to say, ...

2. To be more specific, ...

3. In other words, ...

他们的意思也很简单，分别是“那就是说”“更具体地说”“换句话说”。而引入论据的方式就更简单了，for example/take sth.as an example等等都很常见。

关于结构性词汇的重要性，笔者也是在美国留学的过程中逐渐意识到的。因为在自己的essay甚至论文当中，导师和写作指导都曾或多或少强调了这些词汇的重要性。也就是说，一旦内容上进入了不同的部分或者环节，就应该用明确的标志物表明这种转换。当然文中提到的一些结构性词汇还是非常简单的几个，同学们可以询问老师或课后自行积累，以获得更多逼格更高更地道的表达。

托福写作：如何避免写出假的thesis statement?

独立写作中最重要一句话就是thesis statement，也就是你的观点(opinion)。写在开头段的最后。那么如何判断你的写出的thesis statement是符合美国人要求的呢?那么，你就要问自己以下5个问题。

1.这是不是一句grammatically-complete的句子?

2.它是否arguable(可以被议论的)?

3.它是否supportable(可以被支持的)?

4.它是否表达了一个main idea?

5.它是否是个疑问句?

来看一下例子：我的观点是California was the best trip ever. 那么这句话是否是个合格的thesis statement呢?通过问自己这5个问题我们就可以判断出来。

1.这是不是一句grammatically-complete的句子?

是的。这句话有主语和谓语。

2.它是否arguable(可以被议论的)?

是的。很明显，我是通过对比了其他地方的旅行经历才得出了加州是最棒的这一观点。

3.它是否supportable(可以被支持的)?

是的。我会用三个分论点来支持我的观点。1)learning how to surf at Malibu; 2) going sightseeing; 3) meeting Vincent.

4.它是否表达了一个main idea?

是的。我只有一个main idea：having a fantastic time in California.

5.它是否是个问句?

不是问句。

thesis statement永远不可以是一个问句。

所以，基于这五个问题的分析，我们可以确定California was the best trip ever.这句话是一个合格的thesis statement。

在了解了什么是thesis statement的基础上，来看一下什么是假的thesis statement。

a statement of fact 事实的陈述

a.Alaska is a big state.

这是一个不能够被讨论的事实，是一个真理。

b.Californian red wine is the best in the world.

这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。

a question

a. Is global warming a problem?

这里又要强调一遍thesis statement永远不可以是一个问句。

b. Global warming threatens the future of the planet.

这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。

a sentence fragment

a. Paris: the most beautiful cityin Europe.

这句话不是完整的句子。缺少“is”。

b. Without a doubt, the TOEFL iBTis a true measure of your potential.

这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。

simple announce the topic

a. In this essay, I will talkabout the problem of teenagers drinking and driving in my country, Argentina.

这句话只是告诉读者将要写的内容(topic)，而没有出现观点。

b. Personally, I think thatteenagers must finish high school before they can get a driver’s license.

这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。

丨练习：判断真假thesis statement

everyone should learn a foreign language.

How difficult is it to get a perfect score on the TOEFL iBT?

The CEO told us that the company had no other choice but to lay off five thousand employees.

In this essay, I’m going totalk about dogs and cats, and other domestic animals.

Iwona is ecstatic. Her grades are so good she got into Harvard and Yale. Now she must choose which one she will attend.

Last night, I went to an Italian restaurant and had lasagna.

The TOEFL iBT consists of four sections: reading, listening, speaking, and writing.

There are many English language proficiency tests; however, TOEFL is the test you must take if you are serious about studying at an English-speaking college or university.

Drinking a bottle of red wine every day will make you smarter.

Why is the price of gasoline going up?

答案：

真

假

假

假

假

假

假

真

真

假

托福写作：灵活使用比喻句，让自己的文章更出彩

不久前，看到新闻推送说Uber的CEO大概要辞职了。因为之前左膀右臂纷纷离职，所以孤注一掷的首席执行官也要撑不下去了。于是，马上看到有段子手说

“So now Uber does not have a CTO, COO, CFO, and CEO on the edge of out, this is the closest Uber ever is to a self driving company.

Uber是如图嘀嘀打车的出行便利平台，进入中国之后，仅仅3年就因为无法本土化而推出中国大陆，此后Uber在其他市场的行情也不乐观，即使在原产地美国，市场占有率也屈居于另外一个打车软件Lyft之后。Uber的总裁是卡兰尼克也是常青藤校的辍学生，在市场行情不好的情况下，仍然执意开辟无人驾驶领域。目前，Uber已经储备了无人驾驶(self-driving)的汽车投入匹兹堡市场进行试点。时隔不久，就传出了公司首脑分崩离析的消息。

这个小段子中“Self-driving”一词一语双关起到了讽刺的有趣效果。一方面，Uber提供驾车服务，也正在推行无人驾驶的服务，巧合地描述了公司。另一方面，现在Uber群龙无首，没有了COO，CFO，CTO甚至CEO来做司机，整个公司变成了一个无人驾驶的公司。读到的人有一种“笑着哭”的赶脚，感叹这家公司未来的悲惨境遇。语言委婉地说人家是自己会开车的公司，貌似要说它前景好，而实际的含义却出人意料。

修辞是语言的修饰，是表达的艺术，触动人的情感，是全世界共同的特征。人类都喜欢比较事物的相似和不同之处，在丰富的想象里中创造自己的世界。英语学习中，也有许多基于西方文化产生的修辞。双关需要一定的巧合才能创造妙语，但是比喻却随处可见。

钱钟书先生说：“比喻是文学语言的根本”。

汉语中说“热锅上的蚂蚁”

英语中说“like a cat on hot bricks”

汉语中说“蠢得像猪”

英语中说“as stupid as a goose”

汉语中说“一贫如洗”

英语中说“as poor as a church mouse”

汉语中《诗经》将琼瑶比做“爱情”

英语中卡夫卡将人比喻成“虫”

每个文化有自己的相似点，但是只要我们找到两个事物之间的相似点就可以自己构造字字珠玑的比喻句哦。

丨话不多说，模板现行

描述同类事物的比较

我们可以说A to B is what Cis to D

中文解释为A之于B好比C之于D

如果我们要说“对孩子恰当的表扬好比太阳之于花一样”

可以怎么说呢?

Appropriate praise to a child is what the sun is to a flower.

以上比较的点是说两者都很重要。

恰当的表扬对于孩子很重要

太阳对于花也很重要

其实重要性在托福写作中是非常常用的内容。

所以，我们再来练习一个说两者重要性相似的句子吧

“教育之于现代社会好比水对于鱼一样重要”

Education to modern society is what water is to fish.

学会了吗?

重要性的句子在托福写作中一定会用到呢。

拿上周六的托福真题“在家吃饭还是出去吃?”举个例子。

我们可以说 Having meals at home ensures our safety.

Healthy food to us is what the sun is to a flower.

健康食物对于我们来说就像太阳之于花一样重要

托福写作范文：关于环境的破坏

Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

While the past few centuries have witnessed increasingly better quality of human life, human activity is doing more and more harm to the Earth. Natural resources are being depleted and pollution is being created as a result of development of technology. Natural areas are being damaged as a result of urban expansion to populate more people.

First, we harm the Earth by using more and more natural resources. If we fell too many trees at one time to build

houses and make paper, or if we cut down trees before they grow to maturity, they can hardly grow back in time. As worrisome as overcutting of trees is overfishing. With improved technology and greater drive for money, fish of all kinds are being over hunted, reducing the biomass of some fish to the verge of extinction. Whaling seems a most irksome issue. While most countries argue against it, some countries go whaling to extremes. We often take it for granted that we have unlimited natural resources and use them in a wasteful manner, bringing about great losses.

Second, we damage the Earth by producing pollution in all forms. Factories pollute water and the air. Vehicles pollute the air. Nuclear-related and electronic products are playing an increasingly big role in polluting the air, especially when we dispose of related waste carelessly. We take it for granted that Nature can help clean everything, but it can not.

Third, expanding towns and cities are taking up more and more land. As populations flood to cities, new houses and stores have to be built to accommodate their needs. Land that was good for farming has now become factories and apartment buildings. We seem to take it for granted that we have unlimited land, but we do not.

In summary, human activity seems to be going at the expense of the Earth in various ways. However, our survival depends on the Earth, including natural areas and natural resources, so we have to venerate the Earth.

原文来源：哈佛20篇

托福范文解析

While the past few centuries have witnessed increasingly better quality of human life, human activity is doing more and more harm to the Earth. Natural resources are being depleted and pollution is being created as a result of development of technology. Natural areas are being damaged as a result of urban expansion to populate more people.

While the past few centuries have witnessed increasingly better quality of human life, (while引导词，表对比关系;主语是the past few centuries，要学会物化主语;这句话可以直接背下来套用在科技+政府+社会等话题开头段，“尽管过去的几个世纪见证了人们生活水平的不断提高)human activity is doing more and more harm to the Earth.

2. Natural resources are being depleted(耗尽) and pollution is being created as a result of(由于=as a consequence of= due to=owing to) development of technology.

3. Natural areas are being damaged as a result of urban expansion(城市扩张) to populate more people.

First, we harm the Earth by using more and more natural resources. If we fell too many trees at one time to build houses and make paper, or if we cut down trees before they grow to maturity, they can hardly grow back in time. As worrisome as overcutting of trees is overfishing. With improved technology and greater drive for money, fish of all kinds are being over hunted, reducing the biomass of some fish to the verge of extinction. Whaling seems a most irksome issue. While most countries argue against it, some countries go whaling to extremes. We often take it for granted that we have unlimited natural resources and use them in a wasteful manner, bringing about great losses.

1. First, we harm the Earth by using more and more natural resources.

主题句1：利用自然资源-->破坏地球

2. If we fell(砍伐树木，fell trees=cut down trees) too many trees at one time to build houses and make paper, or if we cut down trees(砍伐树木)before they grow to maturity(n.成熟), they can hardly grow back in time(及时).

自然资源1 - 破坏森林资源

3. As worrisome as overcutting of trees is overfishing. (as+adj+as A is B“和A一样adj的是B)

“和过度砍伐树木一样令人担忧的是过度捕捞”

4. With improved technology and greater drive(动机=motive=motivation)for money, fish of all kinds are being over hunted(过度捕猎), reducing thebiomass(生物量) of some fish to the verge of extinction.(reduce the biomass of sth to the verge of extinction将...的数量减少到灭绝边缘)

5. Whaling(捕鲸) seems a most irksome(令人厌烦的=troublesome=worrisome) issue.

6. While(引导词“尽管”，表对比关系) most countries argue against it, some countries go whaling to extremes(go sth to extremes 做某事过火).

自然资源2 - 过度捕捞

7. We often take it for granted(take sth for granted把某事认为是理所当然的) that we have unlimited natural resources and use them in a wasteful manner,bringing about(带来) great losses.

结论1

Second, we damage the Earth by producing pollution in all forms. Factories pollute water and the air. Vehicles pollute the air. Nuclear-related and electronic products are playing an increasingly big role in polluting the air, especially when we dispose of related waste carelessly. We take it for granted that Nature can help clean everything, but it can not.

1. Second, we damage the Earth by producing pollution in all forms.

主题句2：产生各种形式的污染-->破坏地球

2. Factories pollute water and the air.

污染形式1 - 工厂

3. Vehicles pollute the air.

污染形式2 - 汽车

4. Nuclear-related and electronic products are playing an increasingly big role in(在...中扮演越来越重要的角色) polluting the air, especially when wedispose of(处理) related waste carelessly.

污染形式3-核相关的和电子产品

5. We take it for granted that Nature can help clean everything, but it can not.

结论2-注意参考上一段结尾句

Third, expanding towns and cities are taking up more and more land. As populations flood to cities, new houses and stores have to be built to accommodate their needs. Land that was good for farming has now become factories and apartment buildings. We seem to take it for granted that we have unlimited land, but we do not.

1. Third, expanding towns and cities(doing做主语，扩大城镇) are taking up(占据) more and more land.

主题句3：城镇扩张-->破坏地球

2. As populations flood to(涌入) cities, new houses and stores have to be built to accommodate their needs(迎合他们的需求).

解释句1： 人口增加-->建造更多住房和商店

3. Land that was good for farming has now become factories and apartment buildings.

解释句2：农业用地-->变成工厂和公寓

4. We seem to take it for granted that we have unlimited land, but we do not.

结论3-注意参考前两段结尾句

In summary, human activity seems to be going at the expense of the Earth in various ways. However, our survival depends on the Earth, including natural areas and natural resources, so we have to venerate the Earth.

1. In summary, human activity seems to be going at the expense of(以...为代价) the Earth in various ways.

2. However, our survival depends on the Earth, including natural areas and natural resources, so we have to venerate(尊敬) the Earth.

篇13：托福写作五段式介绍

托福写作五段式介绍

1.托福写作就是英文的“八股”，有套路，所以模板用得上。

2.词汇和固定短语要识记，主要是3类: ～环境的，经济的，社会进步等题目经常涉及的名词或者名词短语;～表示程度等的形容词和能够恰当修饰动词的副词;～起承转合作用的连接词和短语。

3.在正确，易懂的基础上，力求句型的变化多端，插入语，从句，倒装，虚拟等。

4.看清题目要求写什么，有比较的，要写出两者的不同，不要只说你支持的。

5.不同的reason不要糅合到一块去，每段中心要明确，且reason段落，要用英文写作的方式，开门见山的在段落开头指出;既然要成段，那么你所选择的reason一定要能扩展，也就是有东西好写，不要为赋新辞强说愁;所以虽然一个论点你可能有N个理由，但那些很有道理，但是你用英文无法表达清楚的，就不用写了，这不是上万字的论文。

6.reason一出就要有example，两三个case足以,并且事例逻辑上能够支持原因。

7.整篇文章不要出现第二人称you，your，这是enjoy life等前辈的指点(指点了pumpkin，然后她又“数落”我的)，多用people;你想，you就是阅卷人，你凭什么张口就用人家的书面语言教导人家呢?

8.个人的观点:尽可能的避免单独使用he/she，考虑到性别歧视问题。但是，如果你要顶字数的话，也请用 he or she.

9.口语化是初级者的大问题之一，写作文的时候往往是先想中文改怎么说，然后做个翻译工作;本来对非母语就很能驾驭，这样一来，说大白话，就直接导致句式的单一;所以还是要看看真题阅读文章的文法。

文章的套路，我推荐“五段锦”。

第一段，对题目改写，再用模板的套话扯一下，常用的手法是正反一提。

第二段，最大的reason，事例论据支持。

第三段，次大的reason，事例论据支持。

第四段，一个小的reason，外加一个不碍大事的however的对立。

第五段，对各段reason改写总结，也可以再加展望，但是不要号召

托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析：名人的看法值得注意吗?

托福写作难点话题一览

Should we pay attention to the opinions of famous people?

When famous people such as actors, athletes and rock stars give their opinions, many people listen. Do you think we should pay attention to these opinions? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

写作思路展开结构分析

观点：大多数时候，没必要听这些人的话。因为他们往往不是专家。然而也不能走向绝对，这些人的意见在某些时候也是对的，或者值得关注的。比如在一些场合中：慈善演出(charities; charitable institution;charitable performance)。

本话题高分范文赏析

It is only in the last hundred years that the “star” phenomenon was born. Prior to 1900, there were no famous entertainers in today's sense. Fame was held for political officers. However, today, the people who appear before us either on a court, a stage, a field or a screen, are in fact more famous than many political officers. Many people listen to these famous people and act as if their word was gospel. However, I do not think this is correct behavior. Stars should be treated with respect, but their opinions should not count for any more than a regular person's opinion. Becoming a star does not automatically endow a person with limitless knowledge. Stars must do research to form their opinions, just like the rest of us. It is no more or less likely that a star will have a valid opinion on a subject than a friend from school.

In many cases, when stars state their opinions, they are not telling the world how they truly feel. Many famous people will only make announcements that their publicists have approved. Therefore, in many cases, it is not the stars' opinions that we are hearing at all, but in fact, that of the corporations that they work for. I believe that the only time that we should really value the opinion of what a star has to say more than we value others' opinions is when the star is talking about a subject that he/she specializes in. For example, if a basketball player is giving his/her opinion on how his/her team will do in the play-offs, then one should probably take the opinion to heart. Everyone has his/her own field of expertise. If stars, or regular persons for that matter, are talking about their professions, they are bound to have extensive knowledge on the subject.

In conclusion, I do not think that we should listen to the opinions of stars unless they are speaking on a matter that they specialize in. “Regular people” have just as well thought out knowledgeable opinions as the stars, sometimes even more so. Unfortunately, many young adults idolize these stars and believe everything they say.

Because of this, it is important for stars to be careful about passing on inaccurate information.

托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析：写信投诉还是当面反馈?

托福写作难点话题一览

complain in writing or in person?

When people need to complain about a product or poor service, some prefer to complain in writing and others prefer to complain in person. Which way do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

写作思路展开结构分析

可以采取it depends的策略，要看是什么样的问题。也可以先比较，后选择。书信投诉：有条理;避免冲动、更加理性;可以直接与高层沟通;也可以向媒体投诉;但是可能石沉大海(like a stone dropped [sank] into the sea — no echo);当面投诉：可能是最快解决问题的方式;相比文字，有更多的表达方式，比如appeal to emotion; appeal to pity等等;但是如果缺乏控制，可能会引起争吵，反倒使情况恶化。

本话题高分范文赏析

When we finally find out a service or a product that failed to satisfy us, we have to complain. Occasionally, we can choose whether to make an argument face-to-face or in writing, but usually we have no choice. We have to make our case in person if we need a personal touch or have no time to write; we have to write if we can't meet the right person to complain.

Writing has its advantages: when we write, we can better control the flow of our ideas, explain complex issues patiently, and convey our feeling of troubles that the poor products have brought explicitly and accurately. On the other hand, writing also has disadvantages: we may lack of a sense of what the readers are like—amiable or prickly, generous or difficult—and we can't respond immediately to their doubts, questions, or misunderstandings.

When we write, we also lose one way to get the reader to take our argument seriously: face-to-face, we can draw others into it with our body language, the passion in our voice, even the look in our eyes. If, for example, I ran into a dean after a bad experience at the student health service, I could visibly communicate my frustration right there, and the dean would probably respond more intently than if he/she were in his/her office reading an angry letter.

For common trivial problems, I'd prefer to complain in person, which is more direct than in writing. To a large extent, to complain in a right way is a pure skill, if properly handled, problems can be solved without any quarrel, because appropriate courtesy is always appreciated. On the contrary, if the problem or issue is fairly critical, I'd prefer write a specific piece to complain, for complex issues often deserve careful thinking.

篇14：托福写作素材:科技类话题

How Does Technology Impact Your Daily Life?

Over the last two decades, our lives have been slowly taken over by technology. Take a moment to look around you. How many screens do you see? Did you include the one you’re reading this on?

Our Wi-Fi-enabled gadgets have changed the way we work, play, and even raise our children. Today’s offices would be unrecognizable to workers of the past thanks to the proliferation of emails, video conferencing, tablets, laptop computers, and other relatively recent innovations. Meanwhile, more and more of our personal time is influenced by our gadgets (OK, smart phones) with each passing day.

...

The novelty of constant online connections and instant communication may have begun to wear thin for older generations, but the next wave of Americans have no such qualms. Their tech-dependent lifestyles are already causing huge changes in both the professional and private spheres. The change may be inevitable…unless theWi-Fi cuts out, of course.

Our Digitized Professional Lives

As many as 79% of employees now “work on virtual teams,” be it by email, online collaboration, messaging, video conferences, or some combination of any of the above. A Pew Research study found “94% of jobholders are Internet users.” This includes full-time, part-time, and freelance workers in technology companies, big corporations, and small businesses, who work in cities, the suburbs, rural America, and everywhere in between.

For most of the last century, communicating professionally meant writing letters, sending faxes, or spending hours on the phone. Not anymore. Email is now theprimary means of communication in the modern workplace. We are communicating more, faster, and better than ever before. And employers have been reaping the benefits. A major report cited by British newspaper The Telegraph found that the incorporation of technology into the workplace has led to an “84% increase in productivity per hour for office workers since the 1970s.” The major influencers? Email, business software, and yes, even cell phones.

Technology Gets Personal

We don’t leave technology at the workplace. In fact, our private lives might beeven more tech-enabled than our professional lives. In the 1980s and 1990s, our televisions were often the height of our home technology. Some people had clunky personal computers, a Nintendo for the kids, and maybe even a telephone in their car(remember those?).

Information from the Census Bureau tells us that 15% of homes had a personal computer in 1989; by that number climbed to 75%. Now we have desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, Apple watches, GPS-enabled cars, and more coming every day. Forget unplugging after the 5 or-6 o’clock whistle blows—we plug in instead.

In fact, going without tech might trigger an existential crisis for some (that sound you hear is Albert Camus rolling over in his grave). Our technology helps us learn,date, eat, socialize, and so much more.

The only time we don’t use technology is when we are exercising flying sleeping, well, dead. For now…

A New Generation of Digital Natives

Anyone born before the advent of technology in their daily lives is considered a“digital immigrant.” Older generations invented our tech-enabled society, but thegenerations born in this millennium are the first true “digital natives.”

While the “digital rehab” programs older generations have begun using to push back against the all-consuming digital saturation are gaining traction, these programs may make as much sense to younger generations as getting up from the couch to change the channel on the TV. The genie is out of the bottle, and technology is said to have even changed the way younger generations perceive reality.

We’re assuming they perceive reality as that thing happening just beyond the horizon of their laptop, tablet, or smartphone screen (as long as someone is tweeting about it). Although it’s easy to make fun of the next generation’s digital obsession, it will soon be impossible to ignore it. The digital natives are on pace to outnumber the digital immigrants before long.

The Bottom Line

Technology is now so integrated with our lives that going without it can causesevere anxiety for some. It’s not hard to see why. Technology has taken over.

Both our professional and personal lives are now technology dependent. While older generations are fighting back with unplugged retreats, the next wave of Americans can’t picture their lives without tech. They might not have anything to worry about. The future favors these digital natives.

新托福写作素材：整合学校资源

Reorganize: Resources

Resources of time, money, and facilities must be restructured. The school day should allow for more in-depth project work beyond the 45-minute period, including block scheduling of classes two hours or longer. Schools should not close for a three-month summer vacation, but should remain open for student activities, teacher development, and community use. Through the practice of looping, elementary school teachers stay with a class for two or more years,deepening their relationships with students. More money in school districtsshould be directed to the classroom rather than the bureaucracy.

New school construction and renovation should emphasize school design that supports students and teachers collaborating in teams, with pervasive access to technology. Schools can be redesigned to also serve as community centers that provide health and social services for families, as well as counseling and parenting classes.

Reality Check: The school year at the Alice Carlson Applied Learning Center, in Fort Worth, Texas, consists of four blocks of about nine weeks each. Intersession workshops allow its K-5 students time for hands-on arts, science, and computer projects or sports in addition to language arts and math enrichment.

新托福写作素材重点搭配摘抄:

deepening their relationships with students ： 加深跟学生的关系

be directed to ：转向到

construction and renovation：建设和修缮

篇15：托福写作素材:科技类话题

A strong ability to be cooperative and work with others is more valuable than a strong ability to lead others.

We should require our young children (5-10) to learn music and art in addition to math, science history and language.

篇16：托福写作话题展开技巧

托福写作话题展开技巧分享 遵循3个破题原则就能有话可说

托福作文破题技巧：列举双观点撑起文章结构

托福写作的基本原则就是一定要找好写的方向，而不是另辟蹊径、试图做到一鸣惊人。因为托福写作考察的是语言的应用能力，而不是学生的思想高度。另外，如果看到一个题目，觉得某一个观点好写，但是只能想到一个观点，那么就赶紧从另外一个角度展开，看能否想到两个观点。终极目标就是选择的角度能够拓展出两个观点，撑起两个主体段。

托福作文破题技巧：列好提纲再开始填充内容

选对破题思路非常的重要，因为只有一开始方向对了，才能往下越走越顺，否则写到最后会步履维艰。因此，在拿到题目后，不妨花个2~3分钟时间，构思下自己的思路，再下笔也不迟。总好过写到一半，发现后面写不下去了，进退两难，最后硬着头皮编下去，因为这样的文章很容易跑偏，而且很难将字数写上去。

托福作文破题技巧：一面倒写法也需要反转

除了双观点写法以外，现在一面倒的写法也是比较流行的，那就是自从一个角度把观点一路拓展写下去的方法，否定就否定到底，支持就支持到最后。这样的写法从写作思路上来说是比较简单的，但大家破题以后还需要注意留一个反转的余地，那就是适当认可一下自己反对观点存在的正确性，简单来说就是虽然某某观点有很多问题但还是有一点可取之处的。用这种方式来做一个小的反转，能让你的论述更具有客观性和包容性。

托福写作解析：agree or disagree

托福独立写作练习题目：

Children rely too much on the technology, like computers, smart phones, video games for fun and entertainment. Playing simpler toys or playing outside with friends would be better for children' s development.

孩子们过多地依赖科技(比如电脑、智能手机和电子游戏)来娱乐。玩简单点的玩具或者与朋友一起在外面玩对孩子们的发展更好。

写作参考思路：

观点：

电脑、智能手机等电子设备遍及每个家庭，孩子们在这里面花的时间越来越多。有人认为在玩简单点的玩具或者和朋友一起在外面玩才有助于孩子们的发展。但是我的观点截然相反。

Opinion:

As electronic devices like computers and smart phones are popular in every home, children have spent more and more time on them. With growing concerns about children's future development, some people think playing simpler toys or playing outside with friends would be better. However, I do hold a different view.

理由1：

随着科技的进步，电子产品的功能越来越强大，客户体验也越来越好。所以孩子们从电脑、智能手机和电子游戏中获得的乐趣比他们在简单的玩具或在外面玩中所获得的要多。

Reason 1:

With the development of technology, electronic products are becoming more and more powerful, and customer experience is improved as well. In this way, children can get more fun and joy from these products than that from playing simpler toys or playing outside.

理由2：

现在，互联网教育(比如可汗学院)越来越被人们认可。孩子们通过电脑或智能手机来学知识，已是非常正常的现象。甚至还有些电子游戏，其设计目标就是锻炼孩子们的思维等能力。

Reason 2:

Nowadays, Internet Education such as Khan Academy is increasingly acknowledged by people. It is a common phenomenon for children to learn knowledge through computers or smart phones. There are even some video games that are designed to practice children’s ability of thinking and other abilities.

总结：

科技使生活更美好。只要家长和学校正确引导孩子，不让他们沉迷其中，那么这些电子产品会对孩子们的发展起到积极作用。

Summary:

Technology makes life better. As long as parents and the school work together and guide correctly to prevent their children from getting addicted, these electronic products would have positive influences on their development.

Tip

对于“agree or disagree”的题目，同学们的中心观点可以是同意(agree)，可以是不同意(disagree)，也可以是是视情况而定(it depends)。

参考提纲的中心观点就是不同意(disagree)，如果中心观点是同意(agree)，那么可以考虑从以下角度进行分析阐述：

1.电脑、手机、电子游戏等都是虚拟的，玩现实中的玩具更能锻炼动手能力;

2.和朋友一起去外面玩，既可以接触大自然、锻炼身体，还可以加深友谊、认识更多的人

3.……

托福写作解析：Money and success

托福写作练习题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only people who earn a lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

写作思路分析：

不能同意。Only是绝对修饰词。

确实，往往成功的一个表象是金钱的多少。

钱不是衡量成功的唯一的标准。黑社会分子(members of criminal syndicate)、一些黑心的商人(evil-minded businessman)。

有些职业收入远不如其他行业，比如，我国的教师，护士。

成功的定义更应该基于社会贡献：甘地(Gandhi)就身无分文(without a cash in his pocket);特蕾莎修女( Nurse Theresa )也是好例子。

不同意挣了很多钱的人是成功的

(1)钱不代表一切。很多人非常富有，但是是因为他们的成就，人们才认为他成功/

(2)有些人非常贫穷，如有些科学家，但是他们作出了巨大的成就，被认为所纪念，他们虽然没有钱，也一样成功的

(3)有些人虽然挣了很多钱，但是都是非法的，所以他们并不成功。

参考范文：

Money and success

Since people's criteria for success differ, there is much debate over whether only those who make a lot of money are successful. As far as I am concerned, in today's society that stresses on individual achievement, money provides the best evaluation of one's accomplishment.

To begin with, as a standardized measurement used for comparing values, money is objective rather than subjective, so it is considered an authentic reflection of one's achievement. As different people hold different understandings of success, assessing the amount of one's earnings has become universally accepted as a rule to measure one's success. Each year, Fortune Magazine publishes a special issue to rank the top 100 most successful people throughout the world according to their yearly income, because there are no other methods to rely on.

In addition, the amount of money one makes is the consequence of one's hard work and talent. To deny the accomplishment wealth brings is equal to deny the sources from which it springs. In the past, I only believed in spiritual values and then leapt rashly to the conclusion that the best thing in life involves no money at all. It is my uncle who showed me the significance of money and changed my opinion. He told me he respected money and made it a goal to strive for in his way towards success. Because he would have to pay a price for it in terms of time, thought and energy. Gradually, I came to realize it is the mental and physical labor he devotes in the process of making money that paves his way for selfaccomplishment, and thus deserves appreciation and respect.

Finally, money is the most powerful possession in one's lifetime. As everyone knows, success is the ability to do whatever one wants to and to be satisfied with oneself. There is hardly anything that can be done without a certain amount of money. Indeed, with money, one can meet his or her material demand in life, such as taking effective medicines, living in magnificent houses, eating various delicious food, and so on. Also, with money, one can do a lot of meaningful things to benefit others, such as donations to poor people. All these will not only satisfy one's need for personal fulfillment, but also add grandness to one's success.

In conclusion, money serves as a measurement of one's achievement. But we should keep in mind that only those who obtain money by hardworking and use it to benefit the society are really successful.

托福写作解析：Member vs leader

一、托福写作练习题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to be a member of a group than to be the leader of a group. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

二、写作思路分析

讨论做leader的好处：主动，可以操纵更多的资源，获得更多;缺点：风险大

讨论做member的好处：安逸;没有风险;缺点：收获较小

做leader和member一定程度上与一个人的性格有关。

另外，还要看是做什么的group。视情况而定。

不同意，应当成为团队的领袖

(1)当领袖有责任感，领袖总是要做最多的工作，这激励着自己能把事情作好。

(2)锻炼自己的团队合作能力。

(3)能够学到更多的知识。

三、参考范文

Member vs. leader

According to my opinion, it is always better to be a leader than a follower. True leader show initiative. They take actions and they assume responsibilities. A leader makes a decision. Some followers may approve of the decision, others may complain about it. However, these followers all chose to follow, not to lead. They chose not to make a decision. That's how I am different. I am not a follower. I want to make decisions.

A good leader will not react to events, but will anticipate them. A leader will start a plan of action and then will persuade others to follow. For example, a class president at a local college may feel that the relationship between the community and the campus is not a good one. The citizens may feel that the college kids make too much noise on the street, litter public areas, and shop in other communities. A good class president will recognize that the community and the campus depend on one another. The president will ask the student body to keep noise down, help clean up the neighborhood, and work with businesses to attract students. A good leader takes the initiative.

Good leaders must be action-oriented. Having taken the initiative, they must see the job though. They have to take charge and lead the followers. They have to motivate and encourage the followers. The followers (in this example, the student body) must understand why good relations with the community are necessary. The followers must be persuaded to do something about it.

I enjoy taking the initiative, determining the direction, and being responsible for my actions. I do not want to suffer through other people's stupid decisions. If there are going to be stupid ways to do something, let them be mine. Would not you agree?

篇17：托福写作分类话题词汇

Animals

companion 同伴

abuse/mistreat 虐待

replacements/alternatives 替代品

epidemic 流行性的，传染性的

drive off our loneliness 驱散我们的孤独感

well--behaved 行为良好的

brutal/merciless 残忍的，不慈悲的

endangered species 濒危物种

pets are their masters' companions 宠物是他们主人的好伴侣

afford their masters consolation and comfort 提供给主人慰藉

篇18：托福写作分类话题词汇

Old vs. Young

custom习俗

energetic 有活力的

promising 有前途的

entrenched 根植的

rueful 悔恨的

norm习惯

old-fashioned 老式的

antiquated 过时的，陈旧的

deteriorate 使恶化

obsolete 过时的

fossilized 石化的，僵化的

life expectancy 寿命

unprecedented 前所未有的

impractical 不现实的

reflection 思考，反思

empty-nest syndrome 空巢综合征(老人因为儿女不在身

边而患上此疾)

disoriented 无判断力的，分不清方向的

mindset 心态，倾向;习惯

maturity 成熟

linger in one's mind 在脑海中挥之不去

retirement 退休

baby/infants 婴儿

adolescent 青少年

people in their 20s/30s 20 多，30 多岁的人

aging society 老龄化社会

mutual understanding 互相理解

fade 退色，失去主导地位

stagger 蹒跚的

recall 回忆

pay tribute to 向某人致敬

篇19：托福写作分类话题词汇

Work& Success

determination 决心

motto 座右铭

established 确定的

a household name, glorious 人尽皆知的人;光荣的

fame, prestige, reputation 名气;威望;名声

misfortune, despair 不幸;绝望

attitude, tenacity/perseverance 态度;毅力;坚持不懈

commitment/undertaking/endeavor 承诺;事业;努力，尽力

highly-?sought-afte 被高度追求的

have a yearning/longing/craving for sth 对某事有很大期许

remarkable/excellent/outstanding/distinguished 杰出的，优秀的

willpower 意志力

setback 挫折

rugged 崎岖的

insurmountable 无法超越的

be adept in/be skilled in/be good at 在某方面很擅长

adhere to(principles, rules, a diet) 坚守

indispensable 不可或缺的

be a flash in the pan 昙花一现

clear-?cut/specific goals 明确的目标

accomplished 成功的

excel in 在某个方面优于别人

industrious, conscientious, constructive 勤奋的;认真的;有建设性的

stressful, exhausting 压力大的;疲倦的

colleague, co-worker 同事

feasible 可行的

recruit, layoff/downsizing 招募;裁人

stiff/fierce competition 激烈的竞争

high?‐caliber, enthusiastic 高素质的;热情的

self-?expression/self-?image/self-?esteem 自我表达;自我认知;自尊

assessment/evaluation 评估，评价

profession/occupation 职业

daunting/formidable 可怕的

significant/essential/vital 非常重要的

devoted/fervent/ardent 在某方面很热情，很投入

job satisfaction 工作满意度

stress?‐induced diseases 压力诱导的疾病

exert oneself in doing sth 强迫自己做某事

interpersonal skills 人际交往技能

freelancer 自由职业者

work overtime 加班

workaholic 工作狂

incentive/reward 动机;奖赏

solidarity, unity 团结一致

demanding 需求高的

compensation, income, salary 收入;工资

hectic 忙碌的;兴奋的

篇20：托福写作分类话题词汇

Food

tasty 好吃的

flavor 味道

aroma 气味

scrumptious 美味的

delicacy 美食

authentic 正宗的

organic 有机的

intake 摄入

obesity 超重，肥胖

greasy 油腻的

dairy products 奶制品

sedentary lifestyles 以坐为主的生活方式

diabetes 糖尿病

incurable disease 无法治愈的疾病

treatment 治疗

therapy 疗法

frozen food 冷冻食物

canned food 罐头视频

overweight 超重的

chronic diseases 慢性病

starving 饥饿的

keep fit 保持健康

invigorated 精力充沛的，生气勃勃的

beverage 饮品

wholesome 健康的

allergy 过敏

vitamin 维生素

mineral 矿物质

trace elements 微量元素

supplement 补充剂

★托福写作考试题型介绍

★托福写作话题解析：诚实

★托福写作话题无法展开怎么办

★托福写作友谊类高分用词介绍

★托福写作赏析

★托福写作句型

★托福写作整合

★托福写作高分

★英语语法之托福写作

★托福写作提分点

《托福写作十大类话题介绍（整理20篇）.doc》

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